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Endocrine-disrupting properties and degradability of micropollutants with antimicrobial activity
Linhartová, Lucie
The increasing pollution caused by compounds of anthropogenic origin can lead to harmful effects on human health and the environment. The majority of produced chemicals are continuously released into the environment, and restrictions are usually not employed until negative effects have already manifested. Recently, micropollutants have been given a lot of attention among researchers. These compounds are present in the environment at very low concentrations (ng-µg/l) and are transported over the globe through the hydrosphere. Micropollutants, including pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products, have a tendency to persist in the environment. Moreover, even trace concentrations of the compounds can have severe detrimental impacts. Many micropollutants can interfere with the natural functions of the endocrine system, which can result in the development of several types of cancer, decrease in fertility, or delayed puberty. The presence of endocrine disruptors in nature can eventually lead to the collapse of populations. This thesis focuses on the study of the endocrine-disrupting effects and degradability of antimicrobial compounds, which are, besides other applications, widely used in oral care products. The emissions of these compounds are unregulated. The results demonstrated that none...
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Endocrine-disrupting properties and degradability of micropollutants with antimicrobial activity
Linhartová, Lucie ; Cajthaml, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kočí, Vladimír (referee) ; Uhlík, Ondřej (referee)
The increasing pollution caused by compounds of anthropogenic origin can lead to harmful effects on human health and the environment. The majority of produced chemicals are continuously released into the environment, and restrictions are usually not employed until negative effects have already manifested. Recently, micropollutants have been given a lot of attention among researchers. These compounds are present in the environment at very low concentrations (ng-µg/l) and are transported over the globe through the hydrosphere. Micropollutants, including pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products, have a tendency to persist in the environment. Moreover, even trace concentrations of the compounds can have severe detrimental impacts. Many micropollutants can interfere with the natural functions of the endocrine system, which can result in the development of several types of cancer, decrease in fertility, or delayed puberty. The presence of endocrine disruptors in nature can eventually lead to the collapse of populations. This thesis focuses on the study of the endocrine-disrupting effects and degradability of antimicrobial compounds, which are, besides other applications, widely used in oral care products. The emissions of these compounds are unregulated. The results demonstrated that none...
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The influence of endocrine disruptors on biotransformation enzymes
Klusoňová, Zuzana ; Bořek Dohalská, Lucie (advisor) ; Linhartová, Lucie (referee)
Endocrine disruptors (ED) are compounds that interfere with the endocrine system by mimicking or antagonising the effects of endogenous hormones. The synthetic estrogen 17-ethinylestradiol (EE2), a major component of oral contraceptives and a human strong carcinogen benzoapyrene (BaP) are assigned as an exogenous ED whereas the natural estrogenic hormone 17-estradiol (E2) figures as an endogenic endocrine disruptor. In this thesis the rats were treated with these ED individually and in combination, and their effect was studied on the gene and protein expression of cytochrome P450 1A1, 2C11 and 2C6 in rat liver, lung and kidney. In addition, the effect of the mentioned ED and their combinations on CYP1A and CYP2C specific enzyme activity and on metabolism of 17-ethinylestradiol in rat liver microsomal samples was studied. Changes in CYP gene and protein expression were analyzed by real-time PCR and Western blotting, CYP specific activity and metabolism of EE2 were investigated by HPLC method. It has been confirmed that BaP acts as a strong inducer of CYP1A1 in rat liver, lung and kidney, whereas EE2 or E2 alone revealed no significant effect on the expression of this CYP. However, when EE2 or E2 were administered to rats together with BaP, they considerably decreased the BaP-mediated CYP1A1...
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Equal treatment and prohibited discrimination against employees
Linhartová, Lucie ; Štefko, Martin (advisor) ; Koldinská, Kristina (referee)
The aim of my thesis entitled Equal treatment and prohibited discrimination against employees is to provide a complete view of international, European and Czech legislation on this topic and inform about how to protect oneself against discrimination. The thesis is divided into four chapters. The first chapter is general. It deals with basic concepts relevant to this area, such as equality, equal treatment, discrimination and its types and others. The second chapter focuses on the most important international treaties regulating equal treatment and discrimination in labour-management relations. It has three parts and each part consists of conventions adopted by one international organization - The United Nations, International Labour Organization and Council of Europe. The third chapter concentrates on the legislation of European Union, both primary and secondary legislation and also deals with judgements of European Court of Justice. The fourth chapter is concentrated on Czech legislation which deals with the principles of equal treatment and prohibition of discrimination of employees, at first place on Anti - discrimination Act. This chapter also treats with various means of protection available to victims of discrimination.
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The effect of selected endocrine disruptors on the cytochromes P450 1A1 and 2C
Klusoňová, Zuzana ; Bořek Dohalská, Lucie (advisor) ; Linhartová, Lucie (referee)
Many currently produced chemicals reveal specific properties which allow them to be referred to as endocrine disruptors (ED). These substances exhibit an exogenic hormone activity and usually act as antagonists or agonists of endogenic hormones. The exogenic EDs studied in this work were 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) and benzoapyrene (BaP). 17β-estradiol (E2), a typical endogenic hormone, was also included to the study. In the presented work, the effect of these EDs and their combinations on the expression and specific activities of cytochromes P450 (CYP) 1A1 and 2C was determined. First, the microsomal fraction (MF) of liver, kidney and lung of rats premedicated with these compounds or without premedication was isolated. CYP expression was assessed by the Western blot analyses in these MF samples. Moreover, CYP1A1 and CYP2C specific activities were evaluated. It was found that premedication of rats with BaP increased CYP1A1 expression in all above mentioned organs. Whereas BaP strongly induced rat CYP1A1, EE2 and E2 were almost without this effect. But, when these disruptors were administered to rats with BaP, they supported its potency to induce CYP1A1. Further, CYP2C11 expression and its specific activity were gently increased by premedication of rat with EE2 and its combination with BaP....
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Czechoslovak Anarchist Federation
Linhartová, Lucie ; Charvát, Jan (advisor) ; Gelnarová, Jitka (referee)
The theme of this thesis is the Czechoslovak Anarchist Federation (CSAF), specifically its development, the transformation it has undergone during its existence and what position the CSAF holds today. The CSAF was founded in 1995 (its original name was the Czech Anarchist Federation) and it is the longest active anarchist organization in modern Czech history. The aim of this thesis is to capture the transformation of the CSAF based on the examination of their themes and activities, through which we can see how it has progressed and what specific developments have undergone. The aim of this thesis is to therefore answer the following questions: What specific developments have occurred within the CSAF? What changes have arisen within it, both in individual themes and within the membership? How has its position changed over the years and what is the position of the CSAF today? The thesis will in part be based on specialized publications, which are necessary for the theoretical definition of anarchism, but mostly will come from journals, which the CSAF has previously published and continues to publish today as well as information from their website. Finally, personal research conducted based on further exploratory evidence will be used in the analysis and evaluation of this thesis.
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Biodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyls by white - rot fungi and their enzymes
Linhartová, Lucie ; Bořek Dohalská, Lucie (advisor) ; Černá, Věra (referee)
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) represent relevant persistent organopollutants of the environment and the estimated amount of PCB released into the environment is 750000 metric tons. White-rot fungi have been studied for long time due to their degradative potential toward various aromatic pollutants and it is known that these fungi are able to decompose PCB in vivo. Biodegradation of PCB by the fungus Pleurotus ostreatus was studied in the frame of this work. A high degradative efficiency of P. ostreatus was observed in the first set of experiments, even in the presence of relative high amount of added PCB. Fungus was able to transform 780±50 µg out of the intial amount 1000 µg in 20 ml of a cultivation media within 42 days. A decrease in toxicity was recorded during the degradation that suggests the suitability of this organism for a practical use in decontamination. In vitro experiments with purified laccase induced with Cu2+ from this fungus did not prove any participation of the enzyme in the first step of PCB transformation. The enzyme did not show an ability to degrade PCB even after purification from cultivation media containing PCB. It was found that the first step of PCB transformation can be performed by an intracellular process with microsomal fraction. A degradation of 44-67% was observed for...
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Statement of cash flows
Linhartová, Lucie ; Procházka, David (advisor) ; Černý, Václav (referee)
The thesis focuses on a content and a relevance of a statement of cash flows in relation to business non-financial entities. It is based on the IAS 7 and supplemented by the Czech accounting standards. The thesis defines cash and cash equivalents, deals with a structure of a statement of cash flows, presents specific cash flows and ways of interpretation of cash flows. It also contains rules for creating a consolidated statement of cash flows. The practical part of the thesis examines an ability of a specific economic software to make a statement of cash flows in accordance with the Czech accounting rules.
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Accounting outsourcing
Linhartová, Lucie ; Ďurianová, Gabriela (advisor) ; Hora, Michal (referee)
This thesis gives a complex view on the accounting outsourcing. It describes the outsourcing process from its beginning through the collaboration to its possible ending. It defines an outsourcing and related terms, indicates the main advantages and disadvantages of accounting outsourcing and describes the outsourcing contract. The practical example quantifies costs of the accounting outsourcing from the perspective of the customer.
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The role of nurses in the care of patients with acute pain in intensive care departments.
LINHARTOVÁ, Lucie
Diploma thesis entitled focuses on acute pain in general, as well as on post-operation pain, which is one of the types of acute pain. The first part of the thesis deals with acute pain as such and its characteristics. The second part deals with intensive care units (ICU). The third part contains description of post-surgery pain, treatment thereof, and the nurse?s role in taking care of clients suffering post-surgery pain. Three goals have been outlined. Goal 1: Identification of the techniques that nurses use at ICUs to sooth clients? pain. Goal 2: Map the monitoring the pain of clients hospitalized at ICUs. Goal 3: Find out whether the techniques for reducing pain of clients hospitalized at ICUs are effective. A quality-oriented research was applied for evaluation of the results, using a method of non-standardized interview with nurses and clients.The results can be used as a comparative overview of the most common pain-reducing techniques and proof of their effectiveness for clients.
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