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Preparation and characterization of lignin modified by laccase enzyme
Hrušková, Lucie ; Obruča, Stanislav (referee) ; Kalina, Michal (advisor)
This master’s thesis focuses on the enzymatic modification of commercially available lignin using laccase enzyme and monitoring its impact on selected physical and chemical properties. Lignin is an attractive material for the production of renewable chemicals, materials, and energy, but its complex chemical structure poses a major obstacle to its effective utilization. Enzymatic modification appears to be a promising solution for its processing. Experiments were conducted under various conditions, such as pH, enzyme dosage, and reaction time. In the subsequent part of the experiment, the modified lignins were characterized and their results compared with those of the raw kraft lignin before modification. Molecular weight was determined using SEC-MALS, and the concentration of phenolic groups and antioxidant activity were measured. Structural changes were also monitored using FTIR. The results indicate that the enzymatic modification of lignin using laccase led to an increase in the molecular weight of the modified lignins, along with a decrease in the content of phenolic groups and a reduction in antioxidant activity. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the action of the laccase enzyme resulted in lignin polymerization and the formation of new chemical bonds, leading to further aggregation.
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Solubility analysis of lignocellulosic substances with antioxidative efficiency
Hrušková, Lucie ; Kalina, Michal (referee) ; Kovalčík, Adriána (advisor)
One of the main obstacles to efficiently valorise lignin is its heterogeneous solubility, which varies depending on the biological origin and the method of isolation. The theoretical part of the bachelor thesis is devoted to a basic description of lignin from its structure to its specific properties, which has led to a wide range of studies on lignin. The experimental part of the thesis deals with the determination of the solubility of commercially available lignin in selected organic solvents Solubility was determined in a total of 15 pure or mixed solvents. The highest solubility of lignin was achieved in water, in which a solubility of 99.16 % was measured. For the eight best solvents, the size and stability of the dissolved particles were further analyzed. It was found that nanoparticles can be prepared using water and DMSO. Further, the antioxidant activity (expressed by TEAC parameter) and its structure (by FTIR) were determined for the dissolved lignin and its change was recorded. Based on the solubility results, two and three step fractionations were performed. Size, stability, and antioxidant activity were determined for the final fractions. The results obtained showed that during each fractionation step, characteristic functional groups were removed, thus decreasing the antioxidant activity of the resulting fractions.
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Fundraising in a public non-profit organization
Hrušková, Lucie ; Dohnalová, Marie (advisor) ; Deverová, Lenka (referee)
The subject of this thesis investigates the issue of multi-source financing in non-profit organizations. It focuses on the possibility of implementing fundraising as a strategy in civil society organizations and in public non-profit organizations. The first part lays in the theoretical foundation of the public and civic sector and the specifics of their funding. The empirical part includes a case study of a selected non-profit organization that focuses on its current funding mix and aims to consider the possibilities and limits of implementing different fundraising strategies in public organizations.
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Solubility analysis of lignocellulosic substances with antioxidative efficiency
Hrušková, Lucie ; Kalina, Michal (referee) ; Kovalčík, Adriána (advisor)
One of the main obstacles to efficiently valorise lignin is its heterogeneous solubility, which varies depending on the biological origin and the method of isolation. The theoretical part of the bachelor thesis is devoted to a basic description of lignin from its structure to its specific properties, which has led to a wide range of studies on lignin. The experimental part of the thesis deals with the determination of the solubility of commercially available lignin in selected organic solvents Solubility was determined in a total of 15 pure or mixed solvents. The highest solubility of lignin was achieved in water, in which a solubility of 99.16 % was measured. For the eight best solvents, the size and stability of the dissolved particles were further analyzed. It was found that nanoparticles can be prepared using water and DMSO. Further, the antioxidant activity (expressed by TEAC parameter) and its structure (by FTIR) were determined for the dissolved lignin and its change was recorded. Based on the solubility results, two and three step fractionations were performed. Size, stability, and antioxidant activity were determined for the final fractions. The results obtained showed that during each fractionation step, characteristic functional groups were removed, thus decreasing the antioxidant activity of the resulting fractions.
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The relationship between physical fitness and level of physical activity in older school age childres.
Hrušková, Lucie ; Bunc, Václav (advisor) ; Kinkorová, Ivana (referee)
Title: The relationship between physical fitness and level of physical activity in older school age childres. Objectives: The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of physical activity on physical fitness and somatotype. To determine the level of physical fitness of older school-age children at Davle school using the diagnostic system Unifittest (6-60). Further determine physical activity using a pedometer and a questionnaire during a one week evaluation. To find out the relationship between movement mode and somatoype which was determined by the method Heath - Carter. Methods:. The main scientific theoretical - empirical method is the method of testing and observation. The research involved 57 children aged 12 to 14 years in the second grade of Davle school. Testing was performed during physical education classes. To determine physical fitness, the subjects underwent four parts of the Unifittest (6-60) and anthropometric tests to determine the somatotype according to the Heath-Carter method. Using a pedometer and then filling out a questionnaire, the testers wrote down their physical activity during one week and the physical activity performed at medium - high intensity. The object of the research employed basic descriptive statistics, correlation analyzes and the Shapiro-Wilk test to analyze...
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Marriage
Hrušková, Lucie ; Salač, Josef (advisor) ; Šustek, Petr (referee)
The main object of this thesis is to summarize the most important aspects of legal institution of marriage from its conclusion and duration to the ending of it in accordance with the current legislation. I also focused on main changes connected with passing the new Civil Code and I clarified the essence of some new legal institutions. I chose the topic "Marriage" because it is a legal institution that affects life of everyone and therefore it is useful to be familiar with these issues and be aware of rights and duties connected with marriage. The thesis is composed of six chapters which deal with particular aspects of marriage. The aims of the thesis are set in Introduction and the thesis is terminated by Conclusion where results of my thesis are summarized and evaluated. Besides that the thesis includes Content, Index of Abbreviations, Bibliography and Annexes. First chapter focuses on categorization of marriage into the Czech legal system and its position in it. I mention here the most important sources and basic principles of Family law. I explain the term and the purpose of marriage because its definition is crucial for all thesis and I state the most substantial differences between marriage and registered partnerships. Chapter two is dedicated to the conclusion of marriage. I concentrate on...
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The relationship between physcal fitness and body somatotype in soccer
Hrušková, Lucie ; Kokštejn, Jakub (advisor) ; Šťastný, Petr (referee)
Title: The relationship between physcal fitness and body somatotype in soccer Author: Lucie Hrušková Head of work: Mgr. Jakub Kokštejn, Ph.D. Objectives: To find relationship between physical fitness and body compositon in young soccer players in Povltavská football academy Methods: The main scientific method was observation. The research sample consisted of 25 young players (9.9 ± 0.4 years). Physical fitness wass measured by Unifittest 6-60 a body somatotype was measured according to Heath-Carter method. Correlation analysis was used for identifying of relationships between variables. Results: A significant correlation (r = -0.62; p˂0,001) we found endomorphic between the component and the assay score UNIFITTEST (6-60). This relationship indicates a higher level of physical fitness of players with lower levels of fat. Upon closer analysis of individual tests UNIFITTEST 6-60, we found a significant relationship only between the shuttle endomorph and endurance test. Furthermore it was found above the average test score Unifettestu (6-60) in 76% of the players. More than half the players (52%) are ektomorph - mezomorphs or mesomorphic - ektomorph, which is considered the best category somatotype for physical (sports) activities. Key words: somatotype, physical strenght, endomorph komponent,...
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The right of a child to know its origin v. babyboxes
Hrušková, Lucie ; Hendrychová, Michaela (advisor) ; Šustek, Petr (referee)
The Child's Right to Know Their Origin v. Babybox The goal of my Master Thesis is to evaluate the possibility of applying the child's right to know their origin, to find out the relationship between the right and Babybox and objectively compile and assess the existence of Babybox itself. My attention has been focused on other institutes, too, where the right to know one's origin is feasible to achieve as well as on institutes where this right is still being heavily discussed. I concentrated on one part of family law that has to react to the scientific and medical progress and changes in society. The topics I focused on are not unambiguous and it is necessary to deal with them sensitively as it is an issue important for the whole of society. It is clear that every human being wants to know their past and roots for many various reasons. This Thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is dedicated to legal regulations in family law, both international and domestic. The most important international norms and contracts managing children's rights and related questions are included. I found the Convention on the Rights of the Child, where the right to know one's origin is also included, as the most significant norm. Many institutes are in conflict with this Convention. Czech legal framework...
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