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Public space in housing estates: the case of Southwest City in Prague
Jílek, Tomáš ; Špačková, Petra (advisor) ; Brabec, Tomáš (referee)
Public space is an important part of the urban environment and plays an important role in everyday leisure. High quality public space helps to improve the image of urban areas, attracts visitors, and can create attractive conditions for the concentration of services. Southwest City was built as one of the last housing estates in Prague. New residential projects are still being built on its territory, which together with the original historical buildings and housing estates form a unique urban unit. This bachelor thesis aims to develop its own method to evaluate the public space. The method consists of six aspects - physical condition, visual condition, concept of locality, locality cleanliness, maintenance of green space and social climate. The other part of the thesis is also to determine if there is a relationship between the quality of the public space and the type of housing development and how the different aspects evaluating the quality of the public space relate to each other. The results of the thesis suggest that there are qualitative and spatial differences in the design of public space in the Southwest City area. Also, the relationship between the type of housing development and the quality of public space was found. The physical condition and cleanliness of the public space locality can...
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Immune-epithelial interactions in the multilayered model of intestinal homeostasis
Brabec, Tomáš ; Filipp, Dominik (advisor) ; Bevins, Charles L. (referee) ; Hepworth, Matthew (referee)
The intestinal immune system is constantly faced with a vast variety of foreign antigens from food and commensal microbiota on top of intestinal self-antigens. To prevent pathology, the immune system developed multiple mechanisms to tolerate these harmless antigens. These mechanisms use a collaboration of thymic T-cell selection and intestinal homeostatic processes. At the same time, intestinal microbiota must be tightly controlled to prevent its overgrowth, which can lead to pathology. Thus, the intestinal immune system must use a combination of tolerogenic and immunogenic responses and keep them in equilibrium. In this thesis I first provide an overview of the current state of knowledge of these processes and then I present several original studies in which I have participated. First and foremost, in the study that is central to this thesis, we have shown that IL-17-mediated stimulation of Paneth cell antimicrobial functions is one of the important mechanisms of immune-mediated control of commensal microbiota and its perturbation results in intestinal pathology susceptibility. Additionally, I have participated in several other studies, which in combination extend the view of intestinal homeostasis, integrating intestine-specific processes with thymic T-cell selection and reactions to pathobionts....
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Cell-mediated peripheral tolerance in lymph nodes
Brabec, Tomáš ; Filipp, Dominik (advisor) ; Černý, Jan (referee)
Tolerance of immune system to body-self constituents is a crucial issue for immunologists to solve. While the mechanisms of central tolerance are now described to well extent, antigen-specific tolerance mechanisms on immunological periphery are just beginning to be revealed, characterized and appreciated. Recently, novel models of peripheral tolerance emerged. Particularly, a model based mostly on lymph node stromal cells could be of profound importance, since it provides answers to some fundamental questions in tolerance immunology. So far, no review paper highlighting these newly discovered roles of lymph node stromal cells was published. Therefore, in this study we summarize data covering this topic, published up-to-date. Further, this text provides a basic overview of lymph node functional anatomy. To better illustrate the topic, we also show some experimental evidence demonstrating lymph node architecture and the localization of extrathymic Aire-expressing cells, one of the lymph node-resident populations, recently implicated in peripheral tolerance maintenance. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Gated communities and residential separation in Prague
Brabec, Tomáš ; Sýkora, Luděk (advisor) ; Ira, Vladimír (referee) ; Uherek, Zdeněk (referee)
The thesis focuses on gated communities (GCs) as an example of residential separation in today's Prague. The GCs are a new specific phenomenon characterising the society in present post-industrial cities. It is a type of residence where high social status population concentrates behind walls and fences. The number of GCs grows more or less globally which results in increased experts' interest in GCs. This type of residence occurs also in Czechia, primarily in Prague. Experts' interest in the subject in our environment is, however, not as high as in other post-communist countries. This thesis follows up with previous studies and assesses in detail if - in context of the post-industrial transformation - the high social status population is separated in Prague GCs and why such type of residence appears. The document also partly focuses on the development and situation of residential separation and the consequences of GCs formation. It is based on several quantitative (data analysis, questionnaire survey) and qualitative (interviews) research methods. It turns up that on one hand the level of residential segregation and separation in Prague decreases, on the other hand we can see that the number of specific separated locations such as the GCs where the high social status population concentrates grows....
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Novel mechanisms of T cell-mediated intestinal autoimmunity to Paneth cells
Brabec, Tomáš ; Filipp, Dominik (advisor) ; Janečková, Lucie (referee)
(En) Paneth cells are one of the major player in the maintenance of the homeostatic relationship between intestinal microbiota and the immune system. This function is largely achieved by their production of bactericidal enteric α-defensins (ED) and other antimicrobials. Disruption of Paneth cell functions is associated with severe human disorders such as Crohn's disease (CD) and Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy- Candidiasis-Ectodermal Dystrophy (APECED). However, there is only a very limited information regarding the interactions and regulatory circuits operating between Paneth cells and intestinal immune system in either health or under pathological conditions. The previous study conducted in our laboratory described a new mechanism for the initiation and maintenance of Paneth cells targeted autoimmunity. The suggested model was that ED-specific T cells escape the selection in the thymus, infiltrate the intestine and diminish Paneth cell numbers through autoimmune destruction. This process also lead to the accumulation of inflammation- inducing bacteria, which were implied to exacerbate the inflammatory autoimmunity. Since this model of intestinal autoimmunity is of correlative nature, its intrinsic mechanism and functional relationships between immune system, Paneth cells and microbiota are largely...
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Gated communities: residetial separation and privatisation of public space in Czechia
Brabec, Tomáš ; Sýkora, Luděk (advisor) ; Galčanová, Lucie (referee)
The diploma thesis is focused on the phenomenon of gated communities which represent the extreme form of residential separation. Gated communities are becoming the new and specific sign in present-day globalizing cities. The number of objects of gated communities is growing quickly all over the world, and now this issue appeared in the Czech Republic. But common or expert debate concerning the topic is not developed here. The main aim of this piece of work is to contribute to this debate, and at the same time, to be the constitutive empirical research applied to the Czech scientific discourse. This study intends to help with the overall recognition of gated communities. The work is primarily aimed at evaluation of development of housing construction, features, territorial extension, causes of formation and consequences of gated communities in the capital Prague. It means in the place with the highest concentration of gated communities in the Czech Republic; 59 of these objects were found there. Extensive construction began four or five years ago; since then gated communities have been available not only for the richest class. Compared to other countries, gated communities are localized mainly in the inner city, and there is a difference in the cause of formation: in these states it is the fear of...
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Martin Salcman 1896-1979
Brabec, Tomáš ; Lahoda, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Wittlich, Petr (referee)
History of the modern 20th century art resembles a jungle of styles, full of personal or collective expresslons and many errant ways. Big roads of early 20th century -ISMs were planned and marked out by names known today around the world or at least In Europe. These maln streams navigated whole groups of artists and their followers. They were, however, very often interconnected with a complicated network of sidewalks, shortcuts and detours, full of hard working individuals searching for their own complex, but still unique invention. Staying in the shade and trying to understand similarities between the "high art" of their famous companions, they became philosophical bridges between styles as well as tireless engineers dismantling or connecting them. 1artin Salcman was such an individual. He was born In ~896 in a poor family. His father died when he was 10, his mother shortly after he became 14. Still a student of local secondary school he has shown his strong sense for artistic expression and doubtless talent. It may have been recognized by some of his relatives or school authorities. His self-portrait "A Young Boy dressed in a Working Cloth", surprisingly 1n oil, 1S certainly untouched by any professional training but it clearly shows Salcman's future potential. It 1S necessary to admit that Around the his...
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Public space. utilization of squares in Prague centre
Michl, Tomáš ; Sýkora, Luděk (advisor) ; Brabec, Tomáš (referee)
The thesis examines in what way is public space used a what relation is between a physical appearance of square and activities, which are ongoing there. First it deals with theoretical features of public space such as functions and factors, which are influencing utilization of public space. Then it searches a relation between users, car traffic, geographic location and way how is chosen square utilized. In empirically part author considers Wenceslav, Karlovo a Senovážné square. Here is confirmed, that physical structure influences how much is chosen square utilized. Type of activity depends on physical environment as well as how important square is within the city. Keywords: public space, square, city, quality of public space
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