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Trade with kidneys - economic analysis
Horská, Iveta ; Chalupníček, Pavel (advisor) ; Bartoň, Petr (referee)
The demand for kidney transplantation is constantly raising. There is an organ shortage on the market, because the supply of suitable organs for transplantation is smaller than demanded quantity. The aim of this paper is to point out solution for elimination of kidney shortage and to analyse well known objecions against the legal trade with human organs. Analytical part of this paper is based on data from Iran, where the kidney purchase is possible. After kidney trade legalization the waiting list for transplants was eliminated. Excess of demand can be removed with allowance of considerable valuation for kidney, which is shown on example of Iran.
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The International Migration and Labour Markets in the Czech Republic
Buzková, Jana ; Brožová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Bartoň, Petr (referee)
The work is concerned with neoclassical theory of migration describing the behavior of individuals who maximize their utility. These individuals are comparing migration costs and benefits. They choose the country with higher wages. The high of wages is influenced by the quantity and quality of human capital, which the workers own, rate of redistribution of benefits and informedness of employers and workers. Educated workers go to countries where it is possible to evaluate their skills and be more productive. It is also important to include positive externalities which arise from high concentration of professional workers. Skilled and unskilled workers flow to the same direction to western European countries. The Czech Republic is not capable to align in the level of wages with these countries. It is immigration country but the skilled workers don't prefer it. Presently, outflow of skilled workers is compensated by obtaining skilled workers from abroad but in some profession there is their insufficiency. The outflow of skilled people is rising and CR wouldn't be able to cover it from its own resources.
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Is Ch. Jones right? Can we observe discrepancy among investment rates and technological progress?
Kováč, Vladimír ; Bartoň, Petr (advisor) ; Chytil, Zdeněk (referee)
According to AK and R&D models, permanent rise in investment rates and the growing number or researchers should have permanent effects on growth rate. Charles Jones (1995a) used the lack of long-term movements in GDP and productivity growth to challenge the validity of these models. The aim of this paper is to empirically re-test these models of endogenous growth. The author follows the methods proposed by Ch. Jones (1995a) and extends the analysis for variables that could offset the movements in growth rates. The results show no support for the tested models.
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Jezdí Sam Peltzman i na motorce?
Šeneklová, Zuzana ; Bartoň, Petr (advisor) ; Mirvald, Michal (referee)
This thesis analyzes an overall impact of regulation prescribing mandatory use of motorcycle helmets on relative frequency of fatal accidents in Lousiana. The estimate of the impact is performed by using modified method "Difference in Differences", assuming common trend of treated and control group and the assumption of exogeneity of change in regulation. Covered period is between years 1994 and 2008, during which two major changes were applied to law in Louisiana -- in 1999 the regulation for bikers aged 18 years had been abolished and in 2004 reestablished. The thesis focuses mainly on the effect of the abolition of the regulation and leads to a result, that the change in regulation had a significant effect on increasing number of fatal accidents. The second part focuses on Peltzman's effect, especially on expression of inverted Peltzmans effect in response to same surveilled change in regulation. It focuses on whether the bikers after the abolition of regulation, which increased driving safety, adjusted to this increased risk by reducing an average speed. Observations show that bikers adjust only immediatly after the change in regulation, after that it is followed by slow but sustained growth in average speed which leads to accidents.
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Analysis of drug prohibition and estimation of budgetary implications of marijuana legalization
Flegr, Jan ; Hudík, Marek (advisor) ; Bartoň, Petr (referee)
This paper examines the impact of drug prohibition on society. It analyzes starting-points and aims of prohibition and shows, how prohibition attempts to achieve its goals. Furthermore, it explores social costs of prohibition, mainly the impact on potencial health risks of drug use and property and violent crimes. Then it presents main reasons of failure to achieve its goals. Furthemore, this paper estimates probable budgetary implications of marijuana legalization. This estimate is based on quantification of direct costs of marijuana law enforcement. Finally, it estimates the tax revenue that would result from marijuana legalization. For this purpose it also estimates the impact of legalization on price and consumption of marijuana.
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Is Crisis for Crime occasion or threat?
Procházka, Pavel ; Šťastný, Daniel (advisor) ; Bartoň, Petr (referee)
The topic of my paper is influence of crisis on crime analysis. The target of this paper is explication of possibility to explain the crime by economic indicators. The first part deals with theoretical aspects of crime, particularly the criminals and their decisions in violation of the law. In the second part I investigate the dates for the United States of America relationship between selected types of crimes (murders, robberies, burglary, motor vehicle theft) and the economic situation of the country. In third part I focus on the other circumstances that could have an impact on crime rates (changes in legislation, migration gains, etc.).
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Neuroeconomics
Houdek, Petr ; Pavlík, Ján (advisor) ; Bartoň, Petr (referee)
This thesis deals with current discourse whether methods of neuroscience generate useful tools for standard economics to understand, predict and ideally guide behavior of humans, social groups and the whole economies. An initial methodological analysis concluded that the usefulness of neuroeconomics is still only potential, since this approach is not able to answer substantial questions of economics in better way than tools existing. Following sections of thesis summarized representative research in the field of decision neuroscience in the areas of intertemporal decisions, decision-making under risk and uncertainty and the strategic interactions, and social preferences respectively. It has been demonstrated that many findings of decision neuroscience offer a partial confirmation of specific economic models already or provide inspiration for creating new ones.
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The Evolution of Irish tax system and its influence over the economic growth at the end of 20th century
Vojtíšek, Martin ; Mach, Petr (advisor) ; Bartoň, Petr (referee)
The main aim of this paper is to establish the influence of taxation over the economic growth in the Republic of Ireland at the end of 20th century. I will try to summarize the basic tax theory and empirical studies that deal with question "how can taxation affect economic growth?" I will focus on history of the Republic of Ireland and on evolution of Irish tax system. I will try to make a regressive analysis of dependence of economic growth on taxation and analysis of dependence of tax revenue on taxation. Finally, I will try to summarize the main causes of economic growth in the Republic of Ireland in 90's of 20th century.
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Asymetric information and a contract theory
Fiala, Jiří ; Tříska, Dušan (advisor) ; Bartoň, Petr (referee)
This diploma thesis discusses the problem of asymmetrically distributed information between economic agents who interact with each other. It describes the historical development of asymmetric information in economic theory. It mainly focuses on possible emergence of inefficiencies due to asymmetrically distributed information. It describes the model of adverse selection. The thesis also points out how it is possible to apply this model of adverse selection together with knowledge of contract theory to partly overcome these inefficiencies. The aim of the study is to show on concrete examples how to design optimal contract and how these optimal contract can minimize the impact of asymmetric information on economic efficiency.
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Počet automobilů v ekonomice
Körner, Michael ; Šťastný, Daniel (advisor) ; Bartoň, Petr (referee)
The car industry in the Czech Republic is one of the most important manufacturing industries. It employs a vast number of people and it also creates a relatively significant part of the Czech gross domestic product and the Czech export. Regarding its importance in the Czech economy, this article tries to identify and explain factors determining the number of cars in the economy. In order to achieve it, a regression function is modeled using several variables. The basic variables as income, car prices, substitutes as public transportation, complements as fuel or roads are incorporated in the function as well as other determinants.
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