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The concept of due managerial care in Czech legal order
Dvořák, Michal ; Josková, Lucie (advisor) ; Eichlerová, Kateřina (referee)
1 Abstract This thesis deals with the issue of due managerial care in the Czech legal order. While using descriptive, analytical and comparative methods, it offers a complex discussion of this duty of members of statutory bodies of juridical persons which functions as cogent regulation of a certain level of loyalty and due care applied while acting on behalf of a juridical person. This work describes and analyses the mentioned issue. Sources of this thesis originate both from Czech and foreign legal backgrounds, some of the foreign ones include the Munich Commentary on the Act on Stock Companies or case law made under the law of the US state Delaware. In the beginning of this thesis, the nature of the relationship between members of statutory bodies and juridical person, which is determining for compensation of damage caused by the breach of duty to act with due managerial care, is inquired. Further, both components of the duty to act with due managerial care are individually explored, both the duty of care and duty of loyalty, along with commentary on the positives and negatives of their implementation in the Czech legal order. The thesis also deals with difficulties related to inverted onus of proof in proving compliance with the duty of managerial care or with the specific compensation for damage caused...
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Lego Mindstorm EV3 in Education of Programming and Robotics
Páral, Jaroslav ; Dvořák, Michal (referee) ; Orság, Filip (advisor)
In this bachelor thesis, we tackle the problem of software development for the Lego EV3 brick. We want to allow the beginner programmers to create complex programs that cannot be easily created using the original graphical programming interface.We provide comparison of several alternatives of the original system from performance and user point of view. Based on this comparison, we choose EV3RT as base for our work.We also present our object-oriented API built on top of the EV3RT system to ease the transfer from graphical to text programming. Therefore, we provide a suitable platform for the beginners, who already reached the limits of standard system and want to develop more complex programs demanding more computing power.
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Virtual Gate for Counting the Passing of Persons
Chudý, Andrej Oliver ; Dvořák, Michal (referee) ; Drahanský, Martin (advisor)
The goal of this thesis is to propose a viable technique of detecting people passing through a virtual line (any opening without a turnstile or other form of the physical obstacle). Two software solutions were implemented to achieve high accuracy. First one processes 2D data output from webcam and the other one processes depth data from the 3D imaging sensor. Both software solutions were deployed and tested in a pharmaceutical storage room, where they achieved the accuracy of 98%. The software proposed in this thesis is thus reliable enough to become the basis of access control and security systems or for real-time evaluation of visitor rate statistics of commercial properties and events. The thesis also contains a comparative analysis of 3 widely used depth sensors.
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Application of growth economic theory on Ireland comparing to southern countries of eurozone (PIIGS)
Nguyen, Phuong ; Šíma, Ondřej (advisor) ; Dvořák, Michal (referee)
The Ireland´s recovery from the crisis that broke in the Irish economy was fast comparing to other eurozone nations so-called PIIGS. Therefore, the thesis identify sources and turning points that generate the inclusive growth of the Irish economy. Economic growth comes from the accumulation of labour and capital inputs combined with improvements in the productivity of labour associated with technological progress. There are clear signals that all these factors contribute to the economy growth in Ireland. Ireland benefits from large inflows of foreign direct investment that helps to spread technological progress, know-how into the country. This has resulted in export of hi-tech goods and services. Labour force in Ireland are skilled individuals. In addition, both, labour force and labour market in Ireland are highly adaptable to change. Above mentioned drivers and others are fundamental to economic growth. Overall, Ireland´s economy is reasonably well established and it has made significant progress in many areas that contrast with southern economies in PIIGS group.
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Impact of the financial crises in the period 1992-2014 on the Russian banking sector
Zhuravlov, Valerii ; Dvořák, Michal (advisor) ; Šíma, Ondřej (referee)
This bachelor thesis gives detailed analysis of six bank crises in Russia in 1992-2014. The main objective was to examine their influence on the banking system and consequently on the economy of Russia. The first part covers the theoretical background of banking crises. Attention is paid to both macroeconomic and institutional factors. The second part describes and evaluates individual crisis episodes, analyzes their causes and evaluates their impact on the Russian banking sector. Emphasis is placed on the comparison between the crises in 1998 and 2008 and different policies of Russia and the USA to restore the stability of the banking sector in the context of Global Financial Crisis after 2008. The aim of the thesis is (i) to determine the impact of individual crises on the Russian banking system, economy and what has contributed to it. Consequently (ii) the second objective was to make recommendations on how to overcome these crises or at least reduce their severity.
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Stress tests conducted by Czech National Bank and market risk modelling in big Czech banks
Fedynets, Yuriy ; Šedivý, Jan (advisor) ; Dvořák, Michal (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with bank stress testing practices and risk modelling, risk measurement and risk management in banking sector. The theoretical part is focused on definition and description of different types of market risk, models and instruments used for their measurement, regulation, explanation of the nature of stress tests and their further classification. Output of the practical part includes analysis of stress tests conducted by Czech National Bank in recent years and their comparison with reality, replication of VaR calculation of the foreign exchange instruments of the real banking portfolio and measurement of the impact of the adverse market events on the banks financial situation.
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Assessing the Fiscal Sustainability of the Czech Republic
Ambriško, Róbert ; Dingová, Vilma ; Dvořák, Michal ; Hájková, Dana ; Hromádková, Eva ; Kulhavá, Kamila ; Štiková, Radka
We present a model of public finance for the Czech Republic that addresses the main sources of risks to long-term fiscal sustainability: ageing-related expenditures and revenues, and the corresponding evolution of government debt. The baseline model is based on recent demographic projections issued by the Czech Statistical Office that forecast a shrinking share of the working-age population. Along with regulations and microeconomic incentives embedded in the tax and expenditure systems, demographic developments will affect economic growth and government expenditure and revenues in the long run. Population ageing is found to have a significant impact on future government expenditure via spending on old-age pensions and health care, where the cost profiles are modelled to reflect technological progress in the treatment of ageing-related illnesses. The analysis shows that under the current policy settings, a compound demographic effect will cause the primary government balance to turn negative at the beginning of the 2030s. The growing primary deficits, along with interest payments, which react to debt dynamics, will lead to a rapid escalation of government debt. While the outcome of the model is dependent on the specific settings of macroeconomic trends and policy variables, our wide range of sensitivity analyses show that without a policy response, even the most optimistic population scenario delivers an unsustainable path for public finances.
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Molecular mechanisms of amoeboid invasion of cancer cells
Paňková, Daniela ; Brábek, Jan (advisor) ; Dvořák, Michal (referee) ; Vomastek, Tomáš (referee)
Tumour cell invasion is one of the most critical steps in malignant progression. It includes a broad spectrum of mechanisms, including both individual and collective cell migration, which enables them to spread towards adjacent tissue, and form new metastases. Understanding the mechanisms of cell spreading, and invasion, is crucial for effective anticancer therapy. Two modes of individual migration of tumour cells have been established in a three-dimensional environment. Mesenchymally migrating cells use proteases to cleave collagen bundles, and thus overcome the ECM barriers. Recently described protease-independent amoeboid mode of invasion has been discovered in studies of cancer cells with protease inhibitors. During my PhD study, I have focused on determining the molecular mechanisms involved in amoeboid invasion of tumour cells. We have examined invasive abilities in non-metastatic K2 and highly metastatic A3 rat sarcoma cell lines. We have shown that even though highly metastatic A3 rat sarcoma cells are of mesenchymal origin, they have upregulated Rho/ROCK signalling pathway. Moreover, A3 cells generate actomyosin-based mechanical forces at their leading edges to physically squeeze through the collagen fibrils by adopting an amoeboid phenotype. Amoeboid invasiveness is also less dependent on...
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DNA damage and signalling pathways in cellular senescence
Hubáčková, Soňa ; Hodný, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Dvořák, Michal (referee) ; Růžičková, Šárka (referee)
Organisms such as mammals need tissue renewal as an important process for maintenance of their viability. Because proliferation is essential also for tumourigenesis, cells need tumour-suppressor mechanisms to protect organism against cancer. Cellular senescence, the permanent state of cell-cycle arrest, features one of these intrinsic barriers against tumourigenesis after DNA damage and understanding of this process may lead to finding of novel therapeutic targets and to optimization of chemotherapy for patients with cancer. In the first part of the PhD thesis, we investigated activation of JAK/STAT signalling pathway in drug-induced senescence. We used genotoxic drugs like aphidicolin, camptothecine, 5-bromo- 2'-doexyuridin, etoposide or thymidine to induce premature senescence in normal and cancer cells. All this chemicals were able to persistently activate JAK/STAT signalling in monitored cells. Activation of STATs was accompanied with up-regulation of expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), such as MX1, IRF1, IRF7 and PML. Since IRF1 and IRF7 can be directly involved in stimulation of the IFN genes, we show activated expression as well as secretion of IFNbeta and IFNgamma, but not IFNalpha in drug-induced senescent cells. Furthermore, an inhibition of JAK1 as a major kinase of STAT...
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Non-economic neocolonialism and its conflicts
Dvořák, Michal ; Riegl, Martin (advisor) ; Soukup, Jaromír (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to analyze specific phenomenon of non-economic neocolonialism and its conflicts. I have done the analysis of two conflicts (in Western Sahara and in Namibia) in context of the Cold War, I was trying to discover the context between dynamics and domestic political development of metropolitan country and the conflict. The next aspect was a regional dimension of the conflicts, that is why I analyzed the influence of neighboring countries and their motivation in the conflicts. The main aspect was an international dimension of the conflicts, that is why I examined the approach of the Soviet Union, the United States of America, the United Nations and the Organization of African Unity to the conflicts. The main research question was: What types of processes and mechanisms have led Namibia to independence, while the Western Sahara was still under foreign control? The next questions were: What led the superpowers to affect the conflicts, which were in the periphery of world competition? How behaved the world organizations during the conflicts? Had any influence in these conflicts? And last: What kind of interest had the neighboring countries in these conflicts?
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