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Working in Prague but living in Central Bohemian Region, is it financially worth it?
Bíro, Lukáš ; Macháček, Vít (advisor) ; Hlaváček, Michal (referee)
The thesis analyses the costs of rental offers in Prague vs. four districts in CBR (Central Bohemian Region): Kladno, Příbram, Kolín, and Mladá Boleslav. We use data from the real estate agency to calculate the net present value of the costs of each apartment and compare it between the capital city and the districts in CBR. To do that, couples of the apartments (one from Prague and one from CBR district) are created based on matching characteristics. We assume individuals commute to Prague every workday and estimate their transportation and time costs. We evaluate 6 different scenarios and perform a sensitivity analysis of five different variables to see their effect on the probability that Prague is more expensive than one of the four districts mentioned above. The results suggest that Mladá Boleslav is unprofitable while the other three areas are comparably expensive to Prague in case an individual uses transit commuting, earns a low salary, or commutes by a car while keeping the cost of 1 km of around 2 CZK. Similarly, the annual growth rate of rental prices between 6 and 8 percent in all districts would result in comparable profitability of Kladno, Příbram, and Kolín to Prague.
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Determinants of residential real estate prices in the Baltic States
Rákosníková, Andrea ; Hlaváček, Michal (advisor) ; Hanzlík, Petr (referee)
The burst of the housing bubble on the US market, that contributed to the start of the Great Recession, was a warning sign to many economists. Consequently, the last decade birthed important studies analysing the real estate market in the search for the driving determinants of the housing prices. This thesis continues these efforts by time series analysis of the determinants of residential real estate prices in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. The VECM analysis showed that the importance of classic housing determinants differs from country to country. The price persistence is a crucial determinant of the Baltics' housing prices in the short run, but only Estonia and Lithuania showed the persistence in the long run. Latvian house price index seems to be very affected by the construction cost index, and therefore supply side of the housing market. The model also suggested an unexpected negative relationship between house and rent prices. The analysis was however done on relatively short time series and that could cause some discrepancies in the results as well. The author also used the P/I and P/R ratios and the Hodrick-Prescott filter to analyse the housing prices in the search of possible overvaluation, and concluded that these measures do not seem to indicate the existence of the housing bubble in...
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Do markets believe in austerity? Did they ever believe?
Švéda, Josef ; Baxa, Jaromír (advisor) ; Hlaváček, Michal (referee)
We assess the effects of austerity announcements on investors' perception of the government's solvency across the financial cycle. To do so, we construct a unique news dataset utilizing a newswire database which consists of governmental and parliamentary approvals of austerity measures for 11 European countries. We also follow more regular statements of governmental representatives towards austerity measures. The effects are studied on 10-year sovereign bond yield spreads vis-à-vis Germany during the period 01:2000-12:2019. Implementing pooled OLS regressions, we find significant decreasing effects in the pre-crisis period especially for the GIIPSH group (Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, Spain, and Hungary) and decreasing although not significant effects in the post-crisis period. The crisis period manifests itself with increased surprise effects of announcements. The markets adopted announcements of the GIIPSH group as signals of deteriorating solvency which led to further increases of yield spreads. On the other hand, prudent countries (Czechia, France, Netherlands, Poland, and Slovakia) enjoyed a low sensitivity to their announcements across the cycle. Finally, we find that markets react rather on final announcements of austerity measures than to comments expressed by national representatives....
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Fiscal policy in real-time: Role of growth surprises
Kulichová, Vendula ; Baxa, Jaromír (advisor) ; Hlaváček, Michal (referee)
This thesis explores the reliability of real-time estimates of the cyclically-adjusted primary balances. Using fixed effects and weighted least squares models, we show that the real-time estimates are systematically biased and subsequently revised downwards. Moreover, the most important determinants of the revisions are economic conditions and the cyclically-adjusted primary balance revisions are positively correlated with growth surprises. On the other hand, we do not confirm any significant role of institutions and political environment that has appeared in the previous literature. JEL Classification C23, E62, H68, H87 Keywords Real-time data, fiscal surveillance, Stability and Growth Pact, cyclically-adjusted primary balance Author's e-mail 15883947@fsv.cuni.cz Supervisor's e-mail jaromir.baxa@fsv.cuni.cz
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What drives the distributional dynamics of client interest rates on consumer loans in the Czech Republic?: a bank-level analysis
Hlaváček, Michal ; Brož Václav
We study the bank-level distributional dynamics and factors of client interest rates on consumer loans in the Czech Republic. We take into account that client interest rates can have different fixation periods, focus on the consumer loans category, which exhibits multimodal client interest rate distributions, and employ an alternative measure to the mean interest rate – the mode measure. We show that in recent years, most banks in the Czech Republic have started to provide new consumer loans at unprecedentedly low client interest rates. The bank-level analysis then reveals that reduced market concentration (increased market competition) and to some extent also accommodative monetary policy and changes in the market for housing loans and mortgages have been driving this development. Our results are in line with the international literature but are novel in the Czech context.
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House Prices and Household Consumption: the case of the Czech Republic
Brůha, Jan ; Hlaváček, Michal ; Komárek, Luboš
In this paper, we investigate whether movements in property prices have detectable effects on Czech households’ consumption and saving decisions. We concentrate on three episodes of movements in house and apartment prices and ask whether property owners have significantly different consumption and saving choices from households living in rented properties. We found that, on average, property owners tend to have a lower propensity to consume and a higher saving rate independently of whether property prices move up or down. This casts doubts on the strength of the collateral channel linking the housing market to the macroeconomy in the Czech Republic.
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The Effects of Monetary Policy on Real Estate Market: a SVAR Analysis
Stirba, Pavel ; Čech, František (advisor) ; Hlaváček, Michal (referee)
This thesis empirically investigates the effects of monetary policy instruments on the real estate market for the following countries: Germany, France, the Netherlands, Spain and the United Kingdom, using a Structural Vector Autoregression model (SVAR) with Choleski recursive identification. This was done from the three different aspects: interest rate, scale of credit, and output. The covered period lasts from the first quarter of 2005 and then varies, depending on the country. The Wu-Xia shadow rate was used as a proxy for the interest rate, households' debt was used as a proxy for scale of credit, and real GDP was used as a proxy for the output. As the output of the analysis, we used the impulse response functions (IRF) and forecast errors variance decomposition (FEVD). The results suggest that the Residential Property Prices (RPPI) in every country react positively to an output shock and negatively to interest rates (except Spain). The effect of household debt on RPPI and statistical significance of intervals depend on the country observed.
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Determinants of the residential real estate prices in the CEECs
Stefanov, Adam ; Hlaváček, Michal (advisor) ; Chadimová, Kateřina (referee)
The development of residential house prices has been watched since the global economic crisis in 2008, because overpriced house prices and their following burst was one of the main factors of this crisis. The goal of this work is to analyse the influence of macroeconomic factors on house price growth in ten Central and Eastern European countries since the beginning of the third millennium. The main used methods are P/I and P/R ratios, graphical comparison of price leader effect of the capital city, and house price development and panel data analysis. P/I and P/R ratios show a slowly forming bubble in some countries, but they still do not reach pre-crisis values. Graphical analysis of the price leader effect confirmed the leader effect of the capital. Panel data analysis with fixed effects method was divided into several parts according to the frequency of the data and geographical relationship between countries. Analysis shows connection between house prices and economic growth, real wages and unemployment rate. In some regions, analysis points to the influence of the demographic factors or financial market development. Diversity of the results is caused by the fact that house prices are determined by different factors in different regions. Issues with the data also play some role in these...
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