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Punctuation in Italian language - rules and usage
Papayová, Tereza ; Špaček, Jiří (advisor) ; Štichauer, Pavel (referee)
The title of this thesis is Punctuation - rules and usage. Before we start the description of the punctuation and its rules, we devote a few pages to the historical development of punctuation marks, starting with dots at three different heights marking pauses in recited text at the beginning, through new style of punctuation established by Bembo and Manuzio, finishing with special forms of punctuation of the information age and on-line communication. For comparison I've included a short chapter describing the evolution of punctuation in Czech. The main source of information for this historical introduction was the book Storia della punteggiatura in Europa. The introduction is followed by a more detailed treatise on punctuation, its specific functions and its importance for the comprehension of written text. The section concerning the prosodic functions of punctuation will briefly discuss the problem of the relation between written and spoken language. The following section will describe the individual punctuation marks explaining their function and rules governing their usage according to grammars. Three different grammars were consulted as neither gives a comprehensive summary of punctuation rules and the fact that they use slightly inconsistent terminology. Apart from the grammars, I've derived...
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Animals and plants in Italian and Czech phrases
Gábová, Renata ; Špaček, Jiří (advisor) ; Štichauer, Pavel (referee)
(in English): My Thesis analyses Italian and Czech phraseological units containing animal and plant themes. The work is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part deals with phraseology, idiomatic and basic terminology. The practical part deals with symbols, weather saying and the phraseological unit analysis based on their level of equivalency. The following chapters are analyzing morphological, lexical, syntactical and work-making point of view.
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Importance and methods of sentinel nodes identification in endometrial cancer
Hrehorčák, Martin ; Rob, Lukáš (advisor) ; Roztočil, Aleš (referee) ; Špaček, Jiří (referee) ; Masák, Ladislav (referee)
STRUCTURED ABSTRAKT Title: Importance and methods of sentinel nodes identification in endometrial cancer Author: Martin Hrehorčák Objective: To evaluace the results of tree different protocols of sentinel node identification in endometrial cancer. Design: Prospective observational study. Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gyneacology, Charles University, 2nd Medical Faculty, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech republic. Methods: 141 women with verified endometrial cancer were included into the study. 10 subjects were excluded due to the duplicity with another malignit tumour, extrauterine spread and non- endometroid type of the tumour. Three different protocols for sentinel lymph node detection were described: Tc99 was applied hysteroscopically peritumorous in 22 women. Subserous peritumorous application of the radiocolloid and patent blue dye was performed in 66 women. Subserous diffuse injection of this combination to eight sites was performed in 43 subjects. Results: 2220 lymph nodes were harvested in 131 women, average 16.9 per subject. 215 sentinel lymph nodes in 91 women were obtained, average 2.36 per subject. Detection rate was 69.46. 63.4% sentinel nodes were identified in the external iliac area, 17.8% in supraobturator area, 8.9% in common iliac area, 4.25% in medial part of lateral...
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The position of indicative and conjunctive in contemporary Italian
Štrofová, Anna ; Štichauer, Pavel (advisor) ; Špaček, Jiří (referee)
Cílem této práce bylo sledování role konjunktivu v současné italštině, zejména pak jeho pozice vedle hojně užívaného indikativu. Zvolený postup vychází z výčtu situací, kdy k užití daných slovesných způsobů pohledem lingvistů obvykle dochází. Výzkum je podrobně zaměřen na užití konjunktivu a indikativu ve vedlejších větách; to je dokládáno na příkladech ze současného italského tisku, zprostředkovaných velmi bohatými jazykovými korpusy Boloňské univerzity, pro tento účel nemálo přínosnými a poměrně snadno zpracovatelnými. Tato práce se dále opírá o studii Stefana Schneidera fl congiuntivo tra modalita e subordinazione, jež srovnává poměr užití konjunktivu a indikativu v mluvené a psané italštině. S. Schneider sleduje rozdílná užití slovesných modů v kombinaci s různými slovními druhy - se slovesy vyjadřujícími pochybnost či souhlas nebo se slovesy, podstatnými a přídavnými jmény, která představují určité hodnocení. Dalším nezanedbatelným faktorem ovlivňujícím volbu určitého slovesného způsobu, zmiňovaným v této práci, je modalita; její úloha je sledována na práci PhDr. Bohumila Zavadila. Ačkoliv se tato studie podrobně týká španělštiny, autorův pohled na modalitu a její znaky má obecnou platnost a navíc si gramatická fakta španělského a italského jazyka v tomto ohledu jsou natolik podobná, že byla tato...
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Rare cells in diagnostics and monitoring of gynecological diseases
Kiss, Imrich ; Bobek, Vladimír (advisor) ; Špaček, Jiří (referee) ; Klézl, Petr (referee)
In the last two decades there is an enormous effort to discover a non-invasive marker to diagnose, predict and monitor therapy effect of malignant diseases. Circulating tumor cells (CTC) have the ability to fulfil all these criteria. The introduction of the monothematic thesis deals with the problematics of CTC in general and its application in clinical medicine. It is followed by the author's first publication, which reviews the current status of CTC in gynecological malignancies. The next publication is an original article about CTC in patients with endometrial carcinoma. It reports a successful isolation of vital CTC in 75% of tested patients and identifies CTC as an individual marker of the disease without correlation to the stage, grade or lymph nodes involvement. The second part of this thesis deals with endometriosis, a benign but often recurrent disease worsening the life quality of women in reproductive age. The multicentre study presents a successful isolation of circulating endometrial cells (CEC) in patients with histologically proven endometriosis with various stages and symptoms. From the total of 423 samples 78.4% were CEC positive. Eleven patients were monitored during their menstrual cycle and CEC tested in different phases, being the early post-ovulatory period in which the...
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A Man of Media Effects Theories
Špaček, Jiří ; Trampota, Tomáš (advisor) ; Jirák, Jan (referee)
This work focuses on contemporary theories, concepts and approaches of media effects. In brief, it presents the history of media effects studies, interdisciplinary background and a few basic models of communication. Ten of chosen concepts of media effects are described in detail, analyzed and compared to Martin Heidegger definition of a man (being/dasein) and to another philosopher, Daniel C. Dennet's scale of living beings. The goal is, to show definitions of a man included in the media effects theories and take them into the comparison and see the way a man is, and can be, described. The conclusion is, that the contemporary approaches reflect a man more simply. In the comparision to Heidegger's being, there could be more possibilities to develop more complex approach in the theories of media studies.
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Biomarkers of epithelial ovarian tumors and of the endometrium
Presl, Jiří ; Novotný, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Špaček, Jiří (referee) ; Fingerová, Helena (referee)
Structured abstract Study objectives: Ovarian carcinoma 1/ comparison of sensitivities among monitored markers CA 125, HE4, CA 19-9, CEA, TK, TPS, MonoTotal 2/ comparison of false positivity of markers CA 125 and HE4 3/ use of CA 125, HE4 and ROMA index in the diagnostics of ovarian carcinoma 4/ use of CA 125 and HE4 in the follow-up of ovarian cancer Endometrial carcinoma 1/ feasibility of use of biomarkers CA125 and HE4 in patients with endometrial cancer in pre- operative management Study design: Retrospective data analysis Settings: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty and Teaching Hospital in Pilsen Patients and Methods: Ovarian cancer 1/ Sensitivity of markers CA 125, HE4, CA 19-9, CEA, TK, TPS, and MonoTotal was assessed in 266 patients - 19 with ovarian cancer and 247 with benign disorders. 2/ False positivity of markers CA125 and HE4 was evaluated in a total of 390 patients with benign diagnoses - 60 women with endometriosis, 70 pregnant patients, 67 patients with ascites, 60 with pleural effusion, 25 with cardiac failure , 80 with renal insufficiency and 28 with hepatic failure. 3/ As a part of this objective we evaluated 552 patients with abnormal pelvic abnormality - 30 women had a histologically confirmed malignant ovarian tumor. Other 522 women had a benign condition. The...
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Evaluation of postoperative lymphoedema after differently radical surgery for vulvar and cervical carcinoma
Nováčková, Marta ; Halaška, Michael (advisor) ; Špaček, Jiří (referee) ; Mlynček, Miloš (referee) ; Kučera, Eduard (referee)
The aim of this study was a prospective detection of postoperative lymphedema of the lower limbs in patients after the surgery for cervical and vulvar cancer using different methods of examination and their comparison and monitoring of postoperative complications and quality of life. Totally 78 women were followed after the surgery for cervical cancer and 36 for carcinoma of the vulva. Due to the radicality of the surgery the patients were divided into the conservative and radical groups. Lower limbs lymphedema were evaluated preoperatively and 3, 6 and 12 months after the surgery by the measurement of the lower limbs circumference, multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (MFBIA) and subjective feeling. Quality of life using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) questionnaires was evaluated before and 6 and 12 month after the surgery. 12 months after the cervical cancer surgery 35.9 % of patients reported subjective lymphedema, 37.18 % lymphedema were objectively diagnosed by the measurement of lower limb circuits and in 52.56 % of cases the increase of amount of extracellular fluid was detected by the MFBIA Ri/R0 method. The prevalence of lymphedema after the surgery for vulvar cancer reached 19.44% by the subjective assessment, 38.89 % by the measurement of...
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Biological behavior of ovarian carcinoma and its relation to therapy
Bartáková, Alena ; Bouda, Jiří (advisor) ; Špaček, Jiří (referee) ; Svoboda, Tomáš (referee)
Structured abstract Hypothesis Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are subpopulations of cells which could contribute to tumor growth, metastasis formation and chemoresistance. CSCs can be detected by surface markers assessed by immunohistochemistry methods. A typical surface marker for CSCs is CD44 (standard form). We assumed, that CD44(s) could serve as a prognostic factor and marker of chemoresistance in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. The aim of study 1. To recruit group of patients with histologically verified epithelial ovarian carcinoma. 2. To evaluate prognostic significance of known prognostic factors in our series of patients. 3. To assess the expression of CD44 in specimens of primary tumors and specimens of implantation metastasis using immnunohistochemistry and analyze their correlation. 4. To evaluate the expression of CD44 in relation to known prognostic factors. To analyze the significance of CD44 expression evaluation for overall survival, disease-free interval and chemoresistance. To find CD44 positivity cut-off by using statistical methods Materials and Methods A retrospective study was performed on 87 patients with histologically verified EOC. All patients were tested for primary tumor specimens, 48 of them were tested with regard to both specimens of primary tumor and implantation...
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The role of sentinel lymph node biopsy in the management of patients with early-stage cervical cancer
Kocián, Roman ; Cibula, David (advisor) ; Roztočil, Aleš (referee) ; Špaček, Jiří (referee)
The sentinel lymph node biopsy is part of recommended surgical staging guidelines in patients with early stages of cervical cancer. High success rates of bilateral detection of SLN are achieved in sites with adequate experience with this procedure. The sentinel lymph node biopsy without systematic pelvic lymph node dissection is currently considered inadequate procedure for stages IB to IIA of the disease. One of the benefits of sentinel lymph node detection is extensive histopathological examination using the ultrastaging protocol enabling detection of small metastases (i.e. micrometastases). At the moment, there is lack of evidence about oncological safety of sentinel lymph node biopsy which might replace systematic lymph node dissection in the future. Prognostic significance of micrometastases is also controversial due to the lack of data about their potential presence in non-sentinel lymph nodes in cases with negative sentinel lymph nodes. This dissertation deals with the concept of sentinel lymph node biopsy in the cervical cancer and focuses on several topics. We have shown that the presence of micrometastasis is associated with significant negative impact on patients' prognosis on the largest retrospective cohort of patients ever published. Only 67% of patients with micrometastasis have...
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