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Aristotle's conception of space: Phys. IV 208a27-213a11
Císař, Karel ; Kouba, Pavel (advisor) ; Thein, Karel (referee) ; Mráz, Milan (referee)
Aristotelovo zkoumání bytnosti místa z Fyziky IV 1-5 se stalo předmětem polemické diskuse již v textech jeho starověkých komentátorů. N arozdíl od jiných témat se navíc takřka žádný z nich nepokusil Aristotelovo pojetí místa hájit. Uzavírá-li Aristotelés své zkoumání definicí, podle které je místo "první nepohyblivou hranici obklopujícího tělesa", a vymezuje je tím jako dvojrozměrnou nepohyblivou mez, v níž se s umístěným tělesem stýká obklopující těleso či agregát těles, většina jeho následovníků má místo za trojrozměrnou rozlehlost. Jak víme ze Simplikiova svědectví, již Theofrastos poukazoval na obtíže spojené s dvojrozměrností a nepohyblivostí místa, i na skutečnost, že ne všechno bude podle této definice v místě. 1 Novoplatónští komentátoři se zase zaměřovali na Aristotelovo odmítnutí možnosti připsat místu příčinnost, což se podle nich neshodovalo s Aristotelovou koncepcí vlastního místa.2 Dalším zdrojem obtíží je pak zdánlivý vnitřní rozpor mezi jednotlivými koncepcemi místa, které Aristotelés zastává v různých spisech. V Kategoriích je místo vykládáno v kontextu nepřetržité kvantity jako trojrozměrná rozlehlost soumístná s tělesem. 3 Ve spisu O nebi Aristotelés pracuje s koncepcí vlastních míst, jejichž směrem se pohybují jednoduchá tělesa. Lehký oheň se pohybuje nahoru a těžká země dolů, zatímco...
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Phenomenological Conception of Space
Luhanová, Eliška ; Kouba, Pavel (advisor) ; Novotný, Karel (referee) ; TASSIN, Étienne (referee)
of Ph.D. Thesis Phenomenological Conception of Space Eliška Luhanová The thesis focuses on the nature of experience which a perceiving self has with other beings and on the conditions which make such an encounter possible. It emphasises the role of the spatiality, which is seen as a defining characteristic of corporeal sensible beings. Broadly speaking, the work belongs to post-phenomenological philosophy. The Introduction summarises the main methodological principles of a phenomenological approach and presents post-phenomenology as a specific discourse which rejects the egocentrism typical of classical, especially Husserlian phenomenology. The exposition proper starts with an outline of a phenomenological theory of perception (Chapter I) and continues by offering an outline of the basic ontological characteristics of sensibly given entities, especially of their trans- empirical nature (Chapter II). The following chapter briefly treats some issues related to the nature of a phenomenal field, which is described as a structure of possible ways in which beings can manifest themselves (Chapter III). The subsequent chapters form the main core of the thesis. They deal with the spatial manner of being of entities which manifest themselves (Chapter IV) and of the self which experiences them (Chapter V). The...
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Batism - ideology of utility
Úšela, Jan ; Mlejnek, Josef (advisor) ; Kouba, Karel (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with theme of so called Bataism as specific kind of societal order realized in the frame of so called company town. Bataism is characterized by that kind of political power sui generis which primarily depends on economic strength of Bata Shoes Company. Political power of Bata is substantially realizing its political power especially in the frame of town of Zlin. By researching Bataism we define term of so called capitalist paternalism which primarily describes specifics of capitalist/paternalist rule over enclosed area of his own company town (de George, Salt), then historically secondarily also specifics of his rule over broader area (Ford). By researching Bataism from an angle of political science we concentrate on the definition of its power structures and the very character of that power itself. For these purposes we use concepts of Michel Foucault as disciplinary power and model of so called Panopticon. In addition we provide definition of Bataism from the perspective of ideology and utopia. Aim of our work is describing and explaining (seeming) paradox: political program of Bataism is continually legitimized by democratic method although its performance can be seen generally non- democratic.
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The influence of unified and devided government in the first term of president Barack Obama
Gregar, Jan ; Buben, Radek (advisor) ; Kouba, Karel (referee)
The Influence of Unified and Divided Government in the First Term of the President Barack Obama Abstract: The phenomenon of divided government belongs to one of the most discussed topics in contemporary American political science. The American political system experiences its unprecedented increase since the half of the 20th century, which is connected with the raising interest in that field of interest. I draw on theory of David R. Mayhew, who as a first one systematically studied impact of divided government in comparison with the unified one. I apply his method of research to the first presidency of Barack Obama, who experience the period of both unified and divided government. Based on this data, I assume that divided government had significant influence of the second part of Obama first term in this special case. The reason is not only the type of government, but primarily the environment of Obama first presidency (high political polarisation or economic crises).
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Batism - ideology of utility
Úšela, Jan ; Mlejnek, Josef (advisor) ; Kouba, Karel (referee)
This master thesis deals with topic of specific urban political régime of the town of Zlín between years of 1923 and 1938. In the interwar period Zlín was ruled by monopolist rule of Baťa Shoes Company. This firm had dominant economic position in the respective town and it created own candidate list composed of company managers which was winning municipal elections. Town of Zlín is example of specific phenomenon of capitalist paternalism (our own term) realized over area of so called company town. In our study we provide basic historic background of mentioned terms. Then we explore particular aspects of Baťa's rule over Zlín like factors of cultural, economic or employment policies. After all of these aspects we try to create whole picture of Baťa's régime. We compare it with other flourishing régimes of the period too. Baťa's Zlín régime ("batism) had strong modernist and emancipatory effect on its participants. In the same time it formed and manipulated with these respective participants without expectable defense reactions of these people. We would like to examine specific power relations of Baťa's rule and to describe its behavior and reception in Zlín society of interwar time.
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Electoral Geography of Post-communist Countries
Sokol, Petr ; Hnízdo, Bořivoj (advisor) ; Brunclík, Miloš (referee) ; Kouba, Karel (referee)
The thesis "Electoral Geography of Postcommunist Countries in Central and Eastern Europe" deals with the topic of electoral geography, which is a part of the political geography. The basic hypothesis of the paper is based on opinion that the postcommunist countries experienced the twenty years of development in the postcommunist period which made their electoral geography very similar to one in Western Europe. This hypothesis is proved by three different areas of electoral geography. The first part is composed by the analysis of the electoral geography of the founding elections in the 17 postcommunist countries (including the GDR). In the paper is proposed after the research of all 17 countries the categorization of founding elections on the basis of electoral geography. The second part examines the electoral geography of capitals. The research is focused on the size of the lectorate in the capital compare to the whole country, on the diverhgence of electoral results in the capital and in the whole state and on strength of the party families in capitals. Folowing these three areas is proposed the catehorisation of the postcommunist capitals into the five groups. The third part deals with variability of the electoral results inside the state.
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The Activity Analysis of Rescue of Královehradecký kraj, station Trutnov 2006-2009
Kouba, Karel ; Fiala, Miloš (advisor) ; Vilášek, Josef (referee)
Thesis's Topic: The Activity Analysis of Rescue of Královehradecký kraj, station Trutnov 2006-2009 Aim of the thesis: To analyze the operation of the Emergeny Medical Service in Trutnov. Method: Research of available sources, data collection and the cooperation of the members of the Emergency Medical Service coming to the patient. Results: All here listed statistics data are base on intervetion documentation of Trutnov center. Therefore the presented results can't be taken, generalled to other centers and assumed that will be comparable. Keywords: Integrated Emergency Services, Emergency Medical Service, rapid response vehicle, advanced life support vehicle, calls for the crew of the Emergency Medical Service.
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Institutional framework and development in selected emerging markets
Khamet, Khafiz ; Kouba, Karel (advisor) ; Benáček, Vladimír (referee)
Master thesis analyses the institutional framework in twelve transition economies (Baltic republics, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the Slovak Republic as new EU member states, plus Belarus, Russian Federation and Ukraine) on the Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) data from 1998 to 2008. The results show good position of new EU member states (except for Bulgaria and Romania) in four indicators, namely Voice and Accountability, Political Stability, Government Effectiveness and Regulatory Quality. In our terminology, it can be viewed as completed second stage of transition. On the other side, all countries have insufficient position in case of Rule of Law and Control of Corruption indicators, or in other words still ongoing third stage of transition. Panel data analysis suggests similar conclusions, moreover the relevance of institutional quality on economic growth become less significant over time, which can be translated as overall quality of institutional framework become sufficiently high for properly working market economy. However, our analysis shows the stagnation of institutional framework in all countries, where over last decade only little improvement was made and business environment in the Czech Republic, Poland, Russian Federation and Ukraine is very rigid mainly...
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