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Magical thought in preschool age children
Mlázovská, Barbora ; Doubek, David (advisor) ; Klusák, Miroslav (referee)
The subject of this bachelor's thesis is magical thinking in preeschool age children. This concept is theoretically defined from the perspective of cultural anthropology and developmental psychology. The aim of this thesis is to discover and clarify the manifestations of magical thinking in child's conception of the world, particularly in the concept of life and consciousness. The analytical part of the thesis is based on my own empirilal material. The data were collected using qualitative field research with the use of the methods of participant observation and semi-structured interview. The results summarize four developmental stages of the concept of life and consciousness with a focus on phenomena typical for magical thinking in children.
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Folkstories of preschool and younger school age children
Kosíková, Tereza ; Klusák, Miroslav (advisor) ; Viktorová, Ida (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with fictional stories, so called folkstories, told by preschool and early school-age children, that is children from two to ten years of age. This heuristically oriented study is conceived as replication of a research conducted by Brian Sutton-Smith, who, together with a team of co-workers, examined children's folkstories from different aspects and published his theoretical basis together with a collection of stories as "The Folkstories of Children" in 1981. The empirical material of this thesis consists of a collection of 159 fictional stories. These stories were sorted by genre using an explicit controllable method. Due to a different analysis method, which Sutton-Smith did not deal with in his work, this thesis defines and create your own seven classes of genres: right fantasy stories, false fantasy stories, adventure story, descriptive story, worldly stories, wish-fulfilling stories and descriptive stories. . The results of the categorization folkstories were subject to developmental inquiry and answers were sought as to whether genres prove a developmental gradient and gender differences. At the same time, personal orientation tendencies were examined, that is inclinations to a certain genre in individual children. The analysis indicates an age gradient in the use...
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Conception of death perceived by children
Kubáňková, Jarmila ; Valentová, Lidmila (advisor) ; Klusák, Miroslav (referee) ; Vágnerová, Marie (referee)
The aim of this paper is better understanding how children think about the world and what they know about how it goes there. The ambition of the research is to find meanings that children attach to the death. One of the prerequisites of research is the assumption that images of death can not be asked directly without causing undesirable reduction of potentially rich answers. For this reason, Thematic Apperception test was elected as a tool and the children told stories to a pre-selected board. Eleven children, at the age from 9 to 10 years collaborated on the research. As a comparative sample was subjected to the same test a group of eleven young adults aged 19 to 20 years. Stories of children and adults were subsequently subjected to thematic analysis, one category was the meaning of death for actors in the story. Results of the analysis were then put into context with Klatt (1991).
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Moral Factors And Their Influence Upon Career Choices of High School Students
Lukášová, Hana ; Klusák, Miroslav (advisor) ; Vacek, Pavel (referee) ; Kirovová, Iva (referee)
The subject of this research, namely career choice of high school graduates, has been considered from the position of moral reasoning. Qualitative analysis of data collected from interviews carried out with 32 graduates identifies career choice to be a significant factor determining the identity of each graduate. The research is based on assumption that moral reasoning is nourished by each one's identity and loyality to oneself, respectively. The basis of this career identity is formed by so called "inveteracy", reflected by various ways in individual's attempt to make a choice that is authentic. Categorically speaking, there exist "plots", that make career selection process complicated, as well as "problematizations", that make any authentic choice virtually impossible. Career choice is interpreted by means of three domains throughout which it becomes apparent both how this process fosters the individual's relationship with the outside world, with those closest to him/her and with himself/herself and what kind of affect this relationship has on his/her very identity. During the research, career choice turns out to be a continual and complex process that far surpasses the actual period of submitting a college application.
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Children in an oppressive family situation and their experience with art therapy
Gruberová, Hana ; Klusák, Miroslav (advisor) ; Vyšínová, Pavlína (referee)
This baccalaureate thesis deals with analysis of the experiences children in difficult life situations gained from art therapy. The first aim of this thesis is to describe the kind of experience (positive or negative) a child gets through the means of group art therapy in an institution called Fond ohrožených dětí (FOD) Klokánek. The second aim of this thesis is to find out how the children perceive art therapy and what new things it will bring them. Another aim of this thesis is a detailed analysis of the things children get from both changing and invariable components of art therapy and the way they can use them in their future lives. To elaborate this topic qualitative research was chosen. The following methods were used: participant observation, unstructured interview, and content analysis of the notes from observations and also of the personal data of the children (artifacts). Twelve children from Klokánek were use as the target sample. The introductory part of the thesis is devoted to the history of the research. Thus FOD Klokánek is introduced together with the services it offers, its position in the Czech Republic and its establishment by the Family Laws, its advantages compared to institutional education, daily routine, holidays and service information, the most common reasons for the...
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Role of human figure drawing in maturity for school
Holovenčuková, Nikola ; Klusák, Miroslav (advisor) ; Viktorová, Ida (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the cognitive side of school readiness in the context of Jirasek's Orientation Test of School Readiness. The main focus is the correlation between the figure drawing and the other forms of outputs of this test, in the objective and the verbal reasoning. The research is done on a basis of combining the cross-sectional and the longitudinal approach. The children participating were pre-schoolers and students of the first and second grade of elementary schools. Based on my research I found out, which tasks are closely connected, and at which combinations no connections were proven, in the context of three age groups. The results of this work also help to assess if the drawing of the human figure predicts the performance development in other tasks, or if a certain subtask implies the development of fulfilling the drawing of the human figure. The contribution of this work is thus bringing deeper findings about the progress of fulfilling the tasks of the Jirasek's Orientation Test of School Readiness, which still serves as a diagnostic tool to assess school readiness.
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The Spirit of a Festival
Straka, Luděk ; Kučera, Miloš (advisor) ; Klusák, Miroslav (referee)
The theme of my thesis is the "A Detection of the Spirit of Pilgrimage". There is a pilgrimage in Europe, 1.500 km in length, which goes from the French town, Le Puy, to the Spanish town, Santiago de Compostela. The pilgrimage is widely known as "Camino de Santiago". My work focuses on exploring and finding the answer: What is the essence of pilgrimage? My work is divided into two parts; the first is theoretical, introducing the world of medieval pilgrimage from the very beginning to the present. The practical section consists of my own experience with the Camino, and the analysis based on the grounded theory. The thesis explains developement of the pilgrimage and the meaning of the Camino for cultural and religious life in Christian Europe, describes my own accomplished pilgrimage from Prague to Santiago de Compostela and deals with formation of a hypothesis based on the grounded theory. Keywords: pilgrimage, Camino de Santiago, grounded Tudory Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Role of coordination between drawing and writing in the development toward school readiness
Kylarová, Helena ; Klusák, Miroslav (advisor) ; Viktorová, Ida (referee)
In this diploma thesis we build on the topic of mental operation used in Jirásek's orientation test of school readiness. We aim to explain which mental operations are crucial for acquiring the skill of looped writing reproducing. We are looking for children's ideas about writing, in particular for their way of expressing the ideas about looped writing. Our theory is based on Piagetian approach and we also do a comparison to other authors, namely Anette Karmiloff Smith, Emilia Ferreiro and Ana Teberosky, Esther Adi-Japha and Norman Freeman. Data obtained using cross-sectional research on preschool children (of age from three to six years) suggest that there is a link between a success in the test of looped writting reproducing and iconicity overcoming. On the other hand, no link was found between acquiring the skill of quazi-iconicity and looped writting reproducing. KEYWORDS Preschool age, test of school readiness, looped writing, mental operation, iconicity, quazi- iconicity, cross-sectional research.
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Folkstories of school-age children
Doskočilová, Aneta ; Klusák, Miroslav (advisor) ; Viktorová, Ida (referee)
The main purpose of this bachelor thesis is to carry out heuristically conceived and adequately reduced replication of B. Sutton-Smith research. B. Sutton-Smith focused on children narration development and during his long term research he collected hundreds of stories from children aged 2 - 10. Based on this stories' analysis he created a theory which he later published together with selected stories in his monograph called The folkstories of children. In accordance with B. Sutton-Smith method I chose school enviroment for my data collection. Nevertheles I focused on children aged 8 - 15 and applied certain Sutton-Smith analysis techniques on collected stories. I have particulary observed the conflict resolution level, nature of the conflict and the way the conflict is solved. Subsenquently I have compared my findings with Sutton-Smith conclusions. In stories - unlike Sutton-Smith - I have not found significant age gradient on the level of conflict solution. Nevertheless I have detected a difference in usage of these levels amongst girls and boys. It is important to bear in mind I worked with incomparably smaller sample than Sutton-Smith did and my age group was different too. All these aspects might have led to these dissimilar results
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Influence of Feuerstein Instrumental Enrichment on the development of children cognitive abilities
Pokorná, Daniela ; Váňová, Eva (advisor) ; Klusák, Miroslav (referee)
In the theoretical part, this work deals with the problem of comparison between Feuerstein cognitive function and partial cognitive abilities which are mentioned at the Educational Interpretations of the WISC-III. Research study follows up changes in partial cognitive abilities which could be viewed as a consequence of FIE (Feuerstein Instrumental Enrichment) intervention lasting several months. By comparison of pre-test and post-test, which is realized by WISC-III and processed with Educational Interpretations of the WISC- III the study tries to describe impact of the method to child's cognitive functions as well as its school successfulness, self-concept, and behavior. Study also pursues possibility to use factor analysis of WISC-III for planning of the FIE intervention. Information was taken from tests, questionnaires for teachers, videos and records of FIE lessons. Research was realized at the Elementary school in a small town with 1700 inhabitants, nearby to Prague. This was the only school in this town. We noticed more or less significant changes in all areas of interest. In some cases, there was agreement in the test results and teacher's evaluation whereas in other there were differences. KEY WORDS Reuven Feuerstein, modifiability of intelligence, deficits of cognitive functions, mediated...
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