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Relative importance of visual and acoustic modality in imprinting-like effect
Šípková, Kristýna ; Štěrbová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Kleisner, Karel (referee)
The similarity between a partner and a parent of the opposite sex was found across different characteristics. Most often, similarity was found in visual characteristics (e.g., eye colour, hair colour, facial features). Visual characteristics have been tested in context of mate choice mostly individually, however mate choice is multidimensional with involvement of all modalities The aim of our study was to test visual and acoustic modality and their correlations in ratings of perceived similarity of partners and parents of the opposite sex. The aim of this study was also to test perceived similarity of partners and parents of opposite sex in faces and voices and whether the quality of the respondent's relationship with the parent in childhood has an effect on the similarity.The photography of face and voice record was provided by 66 female partners and mothers and 67 male partners and fathers. Similarity between partners and parents of opposite sex was rated by 494 independent female raters. The results of the study showed that partners are similar with parents of the opposite sex in face and voice in both women and men. The results of tested correlations of similarity in the face and voice between the partner and the parents showed that the partners were evaluated as more similar to the parents in...
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Domestic violence within same-sex relationships with a focus on victims' help-seeking
Heřmánková, Zlata ; Čáp, David (advisor) ; Štěrbová, Zuzana (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to introduce the topic of domestic violence in same-sex relationships with a focus on victims' help-seeking. First, it defines domestic violence, describes its cycle, forms and consequences for the victim. Second, it expands on this topic in the context of same-sex relationships, its prevalence, correlates, theories and myths. Third, it deals with the phenomenon of help-seeking of domestic violence victims and the specifics of this process regarding victims of same-sex domestic violence. Eventually, it briefly describes the situation in the Czech Republic and introduces selected examples of good practice. The empirical part of this thesis presents a qualitative research project in the form of interviews aiming to explore factors affecting the help-seeking process of victims of same- sex domestic violence in the Czech Republic. The data were analysed using the method of thematic analysis. Several factors emerged from the analysis, some of which are common in domestic violence victims in general and others are characteristic for victims in same-sex relationships. These are specific barriers in the help-seeking process related to victims' non- heterosexual orientation and to the fact that they experienced domestic violence in a same-sex relationship. Keywords domestic...
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Other Life of Prisoners - Social Pathological Phenomena in the Course of Imprisonment
Nádvorníková, Barbora ; Boukalová, Hedvika (advisor) ; Štěrbová, Zuzana (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the negative aspect of imprisonment - the other life of prisoners, i.e. a set of negative social relationships between prisoners and behaviours that are directly related to these relationships. The aim of the thesis is to map and comprehensively describe the topic of the other life of prisoners. The literature-review part describes and examines various negative aspects of the other life of prisoners, the environment that prisons create for these aspects and the impact that the life has on a prisoner. An important part of the literature-review part is also the presentation of intervention programs, which are an example of a positive effect on prisoners, in contrast to the negative aspects of the other life. In the thesis, imprisonment is shown as a variable of a complex nature, which can be supportive as well as harmful during the process of correction of an individual. The literature-review part is followed by a research proposal, which is divided into qualitative and quantitative type. The qualitative research uses a semi-structured questionnaire to focus on the subjective experience of convicts with the TP KEMP program and how it can affect activities related to the other life in prison. The quantitative research compares a group from the TP KEMP program with a...
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Active Listening in Long-Term Relationship
Teclová, Michaela ; Kalousová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Štěrbová, Zuzana (referee)
Active listening is an often mentioned concept nowadays. However, there is no consensus in the available literature as to its definition, nor is there a unified view of its role in long-term partner relationships. This paper presents in its first part a review of di↵erent approaches to the concept of active listening. It is evident here that there is not always an exact consensus across the literature and some authors often define the concept in their own way. However, most definitions contain several common elements, namely, firstly, communication of non-verbal engagement and immediacy, secondly, paraphrasing of the speaker's speech and thirdly, asking questions or sentences that encourage the speaker to elaborate further on their message or express their feelings. Emphasis is also placed on showing empathy and acceptance not only of the speaker's verbal but also of his/her non-verbal expressions. In the next sections, through the speci- fication of long-term partner relationships, the paper gets to compare studies aimed at assessing the impact of active listening on long-term partner relati- onships. When it comes to partner conflict, the authors of the articles disagree in their conclusions and it would be necessary to replicate the original research or conduct new research. The use of active listening...
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Factors associated with discrepancy between self-rated and other-rated attractiveness
Benešová, Dominika ; Štěrbová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Třebický, Vít (referee)
Self-rated attractiveness plays an important role in person's well-being or mate choice. In some individuals, their self-rating doesn't match how they are rated by others, which can be a sign of their overrating or underrating. This bachelor thesis presents mechanisms, which can lead to the discrepancy between self-rated and other-rated attractiveness as well as individual factors which moderate the degree of this discrepancy. Theoretical introduction firstly describes general mechanisms which lead to the discrepancy in self- rating on the level of motivation, cognition and emotions. Then it presents biases that emerge in own body perception. Subsequently, it summarises the findings of previous research on the discrepancy between self-rated and other-rated attractiveness. The last part focuses on psychological factors, that can be associated with different degrees of this discrepancy. This thesis also contains a research proposal that builds on the theoretical introduction and its main aim is to test hypotheses about the role of presented individual factors (self-esteem, narcissism, body dissatisfaction) in the degree of discrepancy between self-rated and other-rated attractiveness. Empirical evidence explaining the origin of this discrepancy is currently very limited. Therefore, possible new...
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Assortative mating in humans.
Štěrbová, Zuzana ; Weiss, Petr (advisor) ; Lindová, Jitka (referee) ; Špinka, Marek (referee)
Human mate choice is far from random. Assortative mating can be either positive (homogamy), when people prefer and choose partners with self-similar characteristics, or negative (heterogamy, complementarity), when people prefer self-dissimilar partners. Over one hundred years of research, it has been shown that people generally couple based on the principle of homogamy. This thesis seeks to address the following two goals. First, it critically reviews the current state of knowledge in positive assortative mating (in particular, empirical support, factors affecting homogamy, mechanisms of homogamy, relationship and genetic impact of homogamy, and methodological pitfalls of research). This section includes theoretical papers deal with further mechanisms of assortative mating (homogamy, imprinting-like effect, heterogamy, complementarity). Second, the thesis provides further test of assortative mating in 'ideal partners' (preferences) and actual partners, in the context of sex, sexual orientation (heterosexual and non-heterosexual), and population (Brazil and Czech Republic). Results of these studies show that the principle of homogamy is valid irrespective of sex and population. However, they find a stronger tendency for homogamy in actual partners among heterosexuals than in homosexuals, although...
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The influence of step family on human personality
Chrenová, Karolína ; Kuba, Radim (advisor) ; Štěrbová, Zuzana (referee)
This thesis focuses on dynamics in blended and stepfamilies. The work focuses on relationships between their members and provides a basic insight into its ways of influence on human personality. Theories from evolutionary biology are also introduced, with focus on the issue of parental care and sibling rivalry. These theories provide inside on possible evolutionary causes and explanations of conflicts between family members. The thesis pursues general characteristic of all family members and its dynamics, including findings of psychologists and confrontates it with results of experimental studies. This work seeks a more comprehensive view of the family system with a focus not only on the relationship between the stepchild and stepparents, but also on the relationship with other family members, such as half-siblings and grandparents. The results are discused with focus on how the quality of these relationships influences personality development, marital and partner life of the individual and his learning abilities. Key words family, blended family, stepfamily, stepfather, stepmother, stepsiblings, half-siblings, grandparents, parental care, personality, partnership, marriage, sibling rivalry, evolutionary psychology
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Imprinting-like effect and homogamy in temperament
Dachsová, Kristýna ; Štěrbová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Lindová, Jitka (referee)
In addition to a principle of homogamy (self-similarity), an imprinting-like effect (similarity between partner and parent of the opposite sex) is also applied in a mate choice. Similarity was found in a number of characteristics between parents and partners as well as between partners themselves (eg age, facial traits or personality traits). The main goal of this study was to test whether people choose their partner on the basic of self-similarity and/or similarity with their parent of the opposite sex in temperament. We also focused on temperament influence in partner and sexual satisfaction. At the same time, we tested how temperament (measured by the questionnaire) is related to its behavioral marker (psychomotor style) and physical markers (body height, body weight, BMI). A total of 91 respondents (48 women and 43 men) with their partners and parents of the opposite sex took part in this study. Respondents filled an EAS questionnaire (Emotional, Activity and Sociability Survey), which measure temperament (Emotionality, Activity, Sociability, Shyness). All respondents also provided a recording of psychomotor style (behavioral marker of temperament) and stated their height and weight (physical markers of temperament). Contrary to expectations, our results showed that temperament (measured by...
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