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Indication of pupils' misconceptions in science
Metelcová, Tereza ; Janoušková, Svatava (advisor) ; Kotvaltová Sezemská, Karolína (referee)
The topic (theme) of this dissertation is a misconception indication of of pupils 2, 3rd years of four-year grammar schools, respectively. sexes and septimates of eight-year grammar schools concerning knowledge of human biology (functioning of blood circulation, first aid, ontogenetic development etc.). The aim is to verify the presence of each of these types of misconception and their incidence among students at four grammar schools in the Czech Republic (Prague, Tabor, Sokolov). A tool for obtaining data will be a didactic test with closed and open questions. Individual questions are grouped by topic to which they relate, so that the problem areas of the curriculum in human biology can be predicted. The didactic test will be a model for verifying pupils' misconception across the board. Data obtained from this model will probe for correct or incorrect perceptions of students about the functioning of the human body. This probe can be developed to more global research on the topic. From my perspective, however, the probe has to be especially incentive for teachers of biology, who may use it during lessons to correct the misconceptions of students. Then, the test can serve them as an evaluation tool-verify that their interpretation helped to suppress, resp. eliminate, the students' misconception....
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Analysis of indicators of the social environment in the municipalities on the basis of various criteria for use at the local level
Galgonek, Dina ; Janoušková, Svatava (advisor) ; Novák, Josef (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with analysis of indicators of the social environment in small municipalities with up to 2 000 inhabitants based on various criteria for local use. The aim of the thesis is to propose an indicator set, which will best meet the requirements of such set in terms of applied criteria. The research question is: What indicators should be included in an indicator set for assessing the social environment of municipalities with up to 2 000 inhabitants to suit the differences and needs of these communities? The research problem addressed in the thesis concerns the possibility of measuring social sustainability at the local level, focusing on small municipalities with up to 2 000 inhabitants in the Czech Republic. The thesis also focuses on the possibility of projecting SDGs into this set. It is a qualitative research that involves the use of methods of document analysis, comparison, description, non-participant observation and semi-structured interviews. Based on the first four methods and theoretical knowledge, a preliminary design of the indicator set was created. Within the framework of semi-structured interviews, this design was discussed with representatives of selected small municipalities and other stakeholders. The edited set represents the final indicator set of the social...
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Sustainability of kiteboarding: Generating a set of indicators for valuating of environmental impacts of kiteboarding factories
Heuer, Dan ; Janoušková, Svatava (advisor) ; Třebický, Viktor (referee)
10 Abstract This study deals with sustainability of kiteboarding with focus on manufacturing of equipment for this water sport. The goal of this research was to develop set of specialized indicators for kiteboarding companies in order to monitor their externalities on the environment. Firstly, the author collected the recent scientific knowledge about this young sport. Subsequently, sustainability of related sports as surfing, windsurfing and wakeboarding were questioned. It is possible to say that the materials used for manufacturing of the equipment mean great environmental problem. Another negative impacts are caused by large-scale events and tourism. By a comparison mezhod the GRI initiative was chosen as basic set of indicators. These indicators were then modified to meet the needs of kiteboarding industry as much as possible. However, some new indicators were invented and unnecessary indicators were rejected. These changes were based on analysis of CSR reports of big sport goods companies; analysis of negative externalities of kiteboarding; and interviews with manufacturers of kiteboarding equipment. The final version, called Kiteboarding Indicators for Threats to Environment, was tested by one of the manufacturer. The results of the study show that kiteboarding have some negative impacts on...
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Elaboration of Learning Problem-Tasks from the Field of Chemistry
Vojíř, Karel ; Rusek, Martin (advisor) ; Janoušková, Svatava (referee)
This thesis deals with the elaboration of learning problem-tasks related to the Standards for elementary education in the field of Chemistry. The author of this thesis worked on this topic within a project under National Institute for Education. The starting point for creating the tasks, illustrating and concretely expounding the Standards is the concept of science literacy. In this principle in chemistry instruction a broader context and a transfer to everyday life are applied. Learning tasks were created on the base of: science literacy and the results of Czech pupils in its testing, context of standards in Czech curricular system, elements of problem-based learning, types of learning tasks and cognitive parameters. During the elaboration of the tasks a pilot testing of selected learning tasks was realized. The results of the pilot testing were used in further designing more problem-tasks to cover one expected outcome in every topic of Chemistry within the elementary school curriculum. According to the methodology described in this thesis, a material named Methodical comments and tasks to the standards for primary education - Chemistry was created. This material contains a coherent set of learning problem-tasks illustrating two- thirds of the indicators from the standards for elementary education...
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Alternative pedagogical trends in chemistry education in Czech Republic
Dalíková, Martina ; Čtrnáctová, Hana (advisor) ; Janoušková, Svatava (referee)
The bachelor's dissertation named Alternative pedagogical way in education of chemistry aims to give an overview on alternative schools widespread in the Czech Republic. The work deals with a description and characteristics of chosen types of alternative schools and their methods which are used in education. The aim of the thesis itself is to provide an overall survey of the existing alternative methods of education and show their use in education of chemistry.
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Developing scientific literacy in pre-primary education through environmental themes
Štáhlová, Kateřina ; Janoušková, Svatava (advisor) ; Pumpr, Václav (referee)
1 Abstract Thesis Woods as an educational space? examines using quantitative methods the differences between children in ordinary kindergartens and forest kindergartens, and it does so according to formation of individual components of scientific literacy or knowledge of selected terms (concepts) in its empirical part. For this purpose it creates evaluation model of scientific literacy of preschool children (didactic test) based on the example of processing a particular topic - Forest. The topic is set into the concept of pedagogy, developmental psychology, and social ecology. The theoretical part discusses the issue of scientific literacy, especially in the context of preprimary age. From the perspective of developmental psychology are furthemore described cognitive developmental characteristics of preschool age in their basic level. This part also focuses on strategic documents of (permanent) sustainable development. The thesis gives a first interesting insight into the problem and reveals a serious facts such as that children from ordinary kindergartens confuse natural objects under artificial objects also are less oriented in inanimate components, than the children of the forest kindergartens. Keywords: Scientific Literacy, Pre-Primary Education, Sustainable Development, Forest Kindergarten, Framework...
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Spectrum of FGFR3 gene mutations in hypochondroplasia
Janoušková, Simona ; Křepelová, Anna (advisor) ; Baxová, Alice (referee)
Hypochondroplasia (MIM 146000) is a skeletal dysplasia characterized by disproportional dwarfism with rhizomelic or mesomelic shortening of the upper and lower extremities, with variable severity. Patients often have macrocephaly with normal facial features. Hypochondroplasia is a disease with autosomal dominant inheritance. In some patients it is caused by germline mutations in the FGFR3 gene, in others the cause of the disease remains unknown . The FGFR3 gene encodes a tyrosine kinase receptor. This receptor negatively regulates the conversion of cartilage to bone. FGFR3 gene mutations that cause hypochondroplasia lead to constitutive activation of the receptor and inhibit the growth of long bones. In this study, we analysed selected regions (exons) of the FGFR3 gene in 98 patients with disproportional dwarfism and clinical diagnosis of hypochondroplasia. Eighteen patients from 12 families had familial and 80 patients had sporadic form of the disease. All patients were previously tested negative for frequent germline mutations in exon 13 (codon 540) and exon 15 (codon 650). Genomic DNA was isolated from patient's peripheral blood leukocytes. The examination was conducted with the informed consent of the patient or his legal representative. We performed mutational analysis by direct sequencing of...
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Skills of Chemistry Pupils during the Period of Curricular Reform
Bayerová, Anna ; Cídlová, Hana (advisor) ; Čížková, Věra (referee) ; Janoušková, Svatava (referee)
Disertační práce se zabývá problematikou osvojování dovedností žáků základní školy a niž- ších ročníků osmiletého gymnázia. Nejprve byl navržen systém doporučených obecných (univerzálních) a specifických (speciál- ních) dovedností žáků, které by si měli osvojit v předmětu chemie na úrovni základního vzdě- lávání. Tento systém byl ověřován a následně upravován podle výsledků dotazníkového šetření mezi celkem 121 pedagogy vyučujícími chemii na všech stupních škol (základní škola, čtyřleté gymnázium, osmileté gymnázium, univerzity). Následně také žáci (7., 8. a 9. ročník základní školy a 1., 2. a 4. ročník osmiletého gymnázia) vyjadřovali své názory na význam vybraných speciálních chemických dovedností. V rozsáhlém dotazníkovém šetření mezi 957 žáky bylo mimo jiné zjištěno, že žáci za nejdůle- žitější a současně nejhůře zvládnuté vstupní dovednosti pokládali dovednosti potřebné k bez- pečnému provádění chemických pokusů. Za nejméně důležité z hlediska svého následujícího studia chemie pokládali dovednosti související se vztahem člověka k přírodě a k trvale udrži- telnému rozvoji. Ve druhé části disertační práce byl použit didaktický test k ověření, zda mají žáci skutečně osvojeny vybrané obecné (univerzální) a specifické (speciální) dovednosti. Testováním 431 žáků (9. ročník základní školy a 4. ročník...
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Indicators of LSD: Proposal for a Model and Set of Literacy Indicators for Adult Public Sustainable Development in the Czech Republic
Končinská, Alice ; Třebický, Viktor (advisor) ; Janoušková, Svatava (referee)
At present, a trend is emerging that shows the increasing application of Education for Sustainable Development in the Czech Republic. This type of education is arriving in various strategic documents and is featuring in pedagogic and andragogical practices. There is a range of indicators, mainly originating from abroad, for the assessment of this type of education and the task ahead for the Czech Republic is to adjust these indicators for the Czech environment, or create its own ones. This thesis deals with result indicators, that is to say indicators of the impact of Education for Sustainable Development on the literacy of the adult public on the local, microregional and regional levels. The thesis analyses selected national and international strategic documents as well as Czech and foreign specialised literature from the perspective of environmental education, bringing-up and further education concepts and Education for Sustainable Development. It then analyses these concepts from the perspective of educational qualities that Literacy for Sustainable Development consists of. Subsequently, it evaluates the identified qualities in an expert way in accordance with the definition of Literacy for Sustainable Development and it sets a coherent Adult Public Literacy Model for Sustainable Development....
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