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Autobiographical memory of people with depressive disorder
Fantová, Lucie ; Loneková, Katarína (advisor) ; Rodriguez Manchola, Mabel Virginia (referee)
In this paper, concepts of autobiographical memory and Major depressive disorder are defined. Autobiographical memory contains memories of one's own life. Major depressive disorder is characterized by recurring depressive episodes, typically accompanied by deteriorative mood, reduced energy level and both physical and mental activity. Then the term autobiographical memory is distinguished from other types of memory, classified in general theories of memory and explained from neurobiological point of view. Furthermore, the Major depressive disorder is defined with its symptoms, prevalence and etiology continuing with the topic of the relationship between depression and memory in general. In the end, both previous concepts are linked - the specifics of autobiographical memory of people with depressive disorder are described and it is logically followed by possible implications of this knowledge in psychotherapy. In the empirical part, quantitative research strategy is proposed for finding out the characteristics of autobiographical memory of people with depressive disorder using the Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT) and Beck depression inventory (BDI - II). Respondents will be made of a sample of patients treated for Major depressive disorder diagnosed on the basis of a psychiatric examination and...
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Self-compassion and shame in patients with anxiety disorder
Dvořáková, Marika ; Loneková, Katarína (advisor) ; Rodriguez Manchola, Mabel Virginia (referee)
Many researches deal with a wide range of cause of anxiety disorders, which may include various untreated traumas, physiological causes, cognitive distortion or learned reactions. Anxiety disorders tend to create so-called the vicious circle of stress and anxiety that closes the patients, leads them to social isolation and gradual loss of life certainty. Anxiety disorders are among the most common mental illness. Major types are introduced in the thesis and they are connected with the concepts of self- compassion, shame-proneness and guilt-proneness, which have been studied abroad in recent years. The research part then brings the results of the role of self-compassion, shame- proneness and guilt-proneness in experiencing clinical anxiety, confirming the assumption that patients suffering from anxiety show a significantly lower level of self- compassion, a higher shame-proneness and internalized shame. Guilt-proneness does not show a relation with self-compassion. Details are discoussed. Key words: anxiety self-compassion shame internalized shame guilt
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Stigmatization towards persons with higher body-weight
Beníčková, Tereza ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (advisor) ; Rodriguez Manchola, Mabel Virginia (referee)
Over the last few decades, the prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased dramatically, with increased interest in the issue of stigmatization of overweight and obese people. The theoretical part of this thesis summarizes the existing knowledge in this area and describes the form of weight stigma in various areas of life - in the work area, in medical care and in the media. Foreign studies claim that weight stigma is not only present in these and other areas of life, but that it has various negative effects on the psyche and health of a stigmatized individual. Although research in this area is at an early stage, there is already evidence of a relationship of weight stigma and pathological eating behavior, affective disorders or negative body image. However, psychological intervention and therapy offer satisfactory tools to work with the stigmatization theme. The weight stigma is not a topic in the Czech Republic, despite its expanding abroad. The research carried out within the empirical part of the thesis is an initial attempt to map out the phenomenon of stigmatization of overweight and obese people in the Czech environment. For the purpose of the thesis, a questionnaire was drawn up and subsequently used in experimental design. The questionnaire investigated whether the assessment of...
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Connection between completion of weight loss program and self efficacy in obese people
Vávrová, Kateřina ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (advisor) ; Rodriguez Manchola, Mabel Virginia (referee)
The thesis deals with connections between completion of reduced course and self-efficacy of obese people. The theoretical part deals with definition of obesity, its prevalence and aspects of its treatment. A chapter of the theoretical part focuses on self-efficacy and its connections to obesity and physical activity. The last part is about general self-efficacy. The empirical part describes physical activity of obese respondents, changes in their physical activity self-efficacy and their general self-efficacy after completion of reduced course. The questionnaires about the level of physical activity and physical activity self-efficacy were created by author of the thesis. General self-efficacy was measured by General self-efficacy scale. Data were obtained in the first and last lesson of reduced courses. A paired-samples t-test was conducted to compare changes in both areas of self-efficacy. It has been found that frequency of respondents physical activity was insufficient. The results suggest that connection between completion of reduced course and general self-efficacy exist. On the other hand there was not significant difference between individual's physical self-efficacy before reduced course and after its completion. Keywords: obesity, self-efficacy, physical activity self-efficacy, general...
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Validation Study of Semantic Verbal Fluency Test for Assessment of Cognitive Deficit in Patients with Schizophrenia
Vavrošová, Kateřina ; Loneková, Katarína (advisor) ; Rodriguez Manchola, Mabel Virginia (referee)
The thesis addresses Semantic Verbal Fluency test and its potential as a diagnostics of cognitive deficit at schizophrenic population. Deficit of cognitive functions, presently considered as a core symptom of this disorder, substantially impacts daily life functioning. In particular, discriminant validity of Semantic Verbal Fluency test is examined in a mentally and neurologically healthy population as well as patients diagnosed with schizophrenia aged 18 to 40 years (N=339). Furthermore, results of profound analysis using a qualitative scoring system in a selected sample group (N=47) are presented. Moreover, the study investigates the association of selected demographic variables (gender, age, years of education) with results of Semantic Verbal Fluency test. Results of our statistical analysis reveal that patients diagnosed with schizophrenia performed significantly worse than healthy controls in all examined variables (total word count, total number of semantic clusters, total number of switches, mean cluster size, percent words in clusters, ratio of cluster switches) as compared with mentally and neurologically healthy subjects. Comparable results of the two research groups were attained solely in "number of hard switches" variable. Our results further indicate a significant association between...
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Cognitive functions in depressive patients in intercultural context
Goláňová, Ivana ; Niederlová, Markéta (advisor) ; Rodriguez Manchola, Mabel Virginia (referee)
Depressive disorder is the most widespread psychological illness and is responsible for the disability of many. However, this disease is not only a pathological change of mood, current research shows that depression can also be connected with a cognitive impairment, a pathological changes in optimal functioning. This impairment can not only deepen the illness but as well worsen work and personal life of a patient. This paper aims on presenting the basics of the disease, its causes, and the ways in which depression and cognitive deficits are currently treated. Since the research is carried out in an intercultural context, the studied cultures of the Czech Republic and Mexico are presented in the context of current theories. The intecultural research examines the cognitive deficit of depressed patients. The results of depth of depression, neuropsychological tests, and tests evaluating rumination are compared interculturally. There were no important statistically significant differences found between the two cultures. On the other hand, the results show some impairment in cognitive functioning in depressive patients. Keywords: depression cognitive functions cognitive impairment ruminations intercultural comparison study Mexico Czech republic
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Feasibility of Non-Pharmacological Intervention in Therapy of Cognition Deficit in Czech Schizophrenia Patients - Computer-assisted Cognitive Remediation
Rodriguez Manchola, Mabel Virginia ; Šípek, Jiří (advisor) ; Horáček, Jiří (referee) ; Kulišťák, Petr (referee)
There is a body of scientific literature describing cognitive deficit in schizophrenia and the possibility of its remediation. However, in the Czech Republic, there have been so far just few studies that examined the topic. The objective of this work was to explore the feasibility of non-pharmacological intervention in the form of computer-assisted cognitive remediation of Czech schizophrenia patients with diagnosed cognitive deficit. Our results confirmed the positive short-term effect of targeted remediation of selective domains of cognitive deficit in patients with schizophrenia. Our findings suggested that 5 working memory function is the domain most sensitive to the structured intervention. These results are consistent not only with findings from other published studies that used similar computer method for remediation, but also with other studies that used different approaches. In addition, working memory function improved in the generalized form (visual intervention improved auditive function). Key words: Schizophrenia, cognition, deficit, remediation, computer
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Perceived stigmatization at persons with psychiatric diagnosis
Jurášková, Kamila ; Šípek, Jiří (referee) ; Rodriguez Manchola, Mabel Virginia (advisor)
Cílem práce bylo přispět k tématu stigmatizace duševních poruch, a to zejména v oblasti jejího vnímání a dopadu na ty, kteří jsou jí vystaveni. Toto téma bylo zpracováno jak po stránce teoretické, tak doplněno empirickým šetřením. Záměrem teoretické části bylo podat souhrn dostupných informací k tématu, které jsou velmi kusé a rozptýlené v jednotlivých úzce vymezených výzkumných studiích. Empirická část mapovala její subjektivní vnímání a respondenty udávané jednotlivé aspekty pociťované stigmatizace.
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Rehabilitation of patients with schizophrenia: training of cognitive functions
Benešová, Miroslava ; Kulišťák, Petr (referee) ; Rodriguez Manchola, Mabel Virginia (advisor)
Rehabilitation of patients with schizophrenia is currently an important part of the therapeutic care of individuals with psychotic disease. Its effectiveness is often limited by the cognitive deficits which people with schizophrenia have to face with also in their everyday lives. In the presented paper we outline the basic theoretical outcomes and specifics of the psychosocial rehabilitation and training of cognitive functions applied to the patients with schizophrenia. In the empirical part we concentrate on possible effects of the training program of cognitive functions in non-govt. organization o. s. Green Doors. During the study, which took 35 months, we managed to get complete research data from 20 non-resident patients who attended a three-month intensive cognitive training and from their 14 persons closely related. The research data were collected by means of administrated neuropsychological test battery, three self evaluating questionnaires focused on cognitive deficits and its influence on ordinary life, designed for the patients, and two questionnaires for evaluation by close people. These measures were administrated always at the beginning and at the end of the three-month training program. Statistical analysis of the collected data (n=20, nSO=14) indicated a significant improvement at the...
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