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Study of influence of hydroxyethylcellulose on eye drops weight
Sváčková, Radka ; Šklubalová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Zatloukal, Zdeněk (referee)
Study of influence of hydroxyethylcellulose on eye drops weight Radka Sváčková Abstract: The purpose of the work was a study of influence of hydroxyethylcellulose ingredient on weight of eye drops various dripping adapters, made of gum and plastic, in two different angles of dripping of concentration line 0,16 - 0,75 % HEC solution with 6 - 98 Pa.s range of viskosity there was found out the weight of the drops and compared to the weight of water drops gained under the same experimental circumstances. In the three - factor screening experiment there was found out that between non-water adapter is no evident diference, both of them during vertical dripping water drops of aproximately same weight (43,5 mg). The weight of drops significantly rised up with HEC ingtedient due to watering of surface of dripping part of both adapters. Watered gum adapter produced significantly larger drops than watered plastic adapter with both kind of dripping angles. The weight of drops significantly went down for both studied adapter with reducing the dripping angle from 90ř to 45ř. There was found out in this detail study quite large rising of the eye - drop weight with present of HEC ingredient of concentration range 0,16 - 0,75 % in comparison to the weight of water drops for both dripping adapter. The largest drops with...
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Concentration of parenteral preparations. Electrolytes.
Novotná, Jitka ; Šklubalová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Šnejdrová, Eva (referee)
Amount of the dissolved substances in parenteral solutions is expressed in molarity (mol ∙ l-1 ). To express the osmotic effect of the dissolved particles in one litre of solution, osmolarity (mosmol ∙ l-1 ) is used. Physical measurement is provided by an osmometer. However, by this measurement we can determinate osmolality (mosmol ∙ kg-1 ) which depends on the concentration in molality (mol ∙ kg-1 ). Mutual conversion between osmolality and osmolarity is then desirable. The conversion of molality to molarity requires a knowledge of the volume of the solution whereas the conversion factor is wanted to convert molarity to molality. Conversion factor, in fact, expresses content of water in the solution. The mutual conversion between molality and molarity requires knowledge of the solution density. In this work, the effect of temperature in range of 15-40žC on density of the aqueous solutions was studied. Aqueous solutions of sodium chloride, potassium chloride and ammonium chloride in concentration range of 0,1 - 1,0 mol ∙ l-1 or 0,1 - 1,0 mol ∙ kg-1 were investigated. Relationship between the solution density and temperature was described with quadratic equation regressions. The solution density was directly proportional to the solution concentration at 20žC. Using the average density at 20žC, the...
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Study of factors influencing weight of oral drops
Franzová, Pavla ; Šklubalová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Řehula, Milan (referee)
10 SUMMARY The factors influencing weight of peroral drops were investigated in this dissertation. During this work six commercial available plastic dropper tips for peroral drops and model mixtures of hydrophil solvents were used. It was determined that the most suitable mixture for testing dropper charakteristics (depending on design of dropper tip) was the mixture of five parts of 96% ethanol and ninetyfive parts of purified water or the mixtureof sixty parts of 85% glycerol and forty parts of purified water. The weight of drop was influenced by the diameter of outer orifice of dropper tip. The final weight of drop is also affected by the other charakteristics - inner diameter of dropper part, inner aperture diameter of dropper capilary, design of dropper tip, design of compensatory capilary. The drop weight of mixture of water with glycerol increased with decreasing density of mixture. The reduction of dropper angle from 90ř (vertical) to 45ř (transversal) lead to decisive reduction of drop weight. The uncontrolled wettion of dropper surface by the liquid was observed in some cases. On the base of optimal dispending of peroral drops we should recommend the producer following: there should be the instruction about the right holding of dropper bottle in upright position (upside-down, 90ř vertical)
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Lyofilizace lipozomů pro perorální aplikaci léčiv
Vacková, Michaela ; Šklubalová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Dittrich, Milan (referee)
The protein or peptide substances are not appropriate for oral application. One of the many obstacles, is an aggressive environment of the gastrointestinal tract. One way to protect these substances is the preparation of liposomes. The aim of this work was preparation of liposomes of the different composition, choice of the optimum aqueous media, and stabilization using freeze-drying. All samples consisted of egg phosphatidylcholine(EPC) and cholesterol (Chol), with the addition of one out of the substances: cholylsarcosine (CS), stearoylamine (SA) and vitamin E (TPGS), respectively, in various ratio. Liposomes were prepared using a film method and manual extrusion through membrane with pore size 200 nm. The liposome size and polydispersity was measured by photon corellation spectroscopy. After the extrusion, the liposomes underwent freeze-drying in the presence of selected appropriate cryoprotectants: sucrose and trehalose, respectively. Stability has been established by evaluating the visual characteristics of the product (the appearance), solubility in the water and measuring of liposome size and polydispersity.
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Osmolality of parenteral preparations containing electrolytes.
Křížová, Lenka ; Šklubalová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Šnejdrová, Eva (referee)
In this work, the solutions of potassium chloride, sodium chloride, magnesium chloride hexahydrate, calcium chloride hexahydrate and urea of molal concentration 0,1-1,0 mol/kg were prepared. Next, the specific density was measured and subsequently converted into actual density at 25řC. Based on the density, the molarity of solutions (mol/l) was determinated and linear regression equations for the relationship between molality and molarity were expressed. Furthermore, the osmolality (mosmol/kg) for chosen aqueous solutions of used electrolytes and urea was measured by osmometer. The changes in volume of solution of investigated substances elicited by the dissolution of 1 g of the substance in 1 kg of pure water (so-called partial specific volume) were expressed. Three different formulary methods were applied in order to determinate the values of the theoretical and actual osmolarity of the solutions. The regression equations for the determination of osmolarity from measured osmolality were expressed. In conclusion, the procedure according to USP 31 using partial specific volume was recommended for the estimation of osmolarity from the experimentally obtained osmolality.
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Study of influence of hypromellose on eye drops weight
Nováková, Hana ; Šklubalová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Zatloukal, Zdeněk (referee)
STUDIUM VLIVU PŘÍSADY HYPROMELOSY NA HMOTNOST OČNÍCH KAPEK Hana Nováková Summary In this work, the influence of three factors on the weight of eye drops produced by the compressible plastic bottle: the dropper tip, the dispensing angle, and viscosity of the preparation was studied. All factors produced the significant effect (p 0.05). It was found that plastic tip with smaller diameter produced eye drops of lower weight in comparison to the rubber dropper tip with larger diameter. The change of dispensing angle from 90ř to 45ř led to the decrease in the drop weight produced by both dropper tips tested. Non-linear increase in drop weight was occurred when viscosity increased in consequence to the gradually increased concentration of the 0.00%-0.16%-0.25%-0.50%-0.75%-1.00% hypromellose (HPMC) solution. Statistically significant increase in the weight of the drops was detected for wetted dropper tips, either plastic or rubber, at 0.16% HPMC concentration which corresponded to viscosity of 3 mPas. In contrast, the weight of the drops produced by non-wetted dropper tips was increased above viscosity of 17 mPas corresponding to the 0.50% HPMC concentration.
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Flow properties of powders 1.
Macura, Jan ; Zatloukal, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Šklubalová, Zdeňka (referee)
In the theoretical part of the diploma theses, the methods of the measurement of the angle of repose were reviewed as well as the information about the relationship between the angle of repose and flow rate in pharmaceutical technology. In the experimental section, the relationship between flow rate and the drained angle of repose of the residual powder in a hopper was studied. For size fractions of sorbitol in range of 315 - 800 μm, the measurement had good reproducibility and the drained angle could be used to estimate powder flow rate in contrast to the same size fractions of potassium citrate showing the incidence of flow failures.
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Packing properties of powders 2.
Kopecká, Milada ; Zatloukal, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Šklubalová, Zdeňka (referee)
In the theoretical part of the diploma theses, the structural characteristics of powders, the measurement conditions of the bulk volume were studied as well as the employment of method of autocorrelation in investigation of reproducibility of the measurements. In the experimental section, the results of repeated measurements of bulk volume of size fractions of sodium citrate and sorbitol are summarized together with values of the coefficients of autocorrelation needed for generation of the plots. The coefficients of autocorrelation were employed to validation of the measurement reproducibility of bulk volume of the free- flowable powder size fractions of the pharmaceutical excipients.
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Formulation of extemporaneous paediatric liquid preparations in the hospital pharmacy
Klovrzová, Sylva ; Šklubalová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Dittrich, Milan (referee) ; Masteiková, Ruta (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradci Králové Department of: Pharmaceutical Technology Candidate PharmDr. Sylva Klovrzová Supervisor doc. PharmDr. Zdeňka Šklubalová, Ph.D. Title of Doctoral Thesis: Formulation of extemporaneous paediatric liquid preparations in the hospital pharmacy In the paediatric population, oral solutions and/or suspensions represent a suitable alternative to preparation of hard capsules in the pharmacy. This thesis aims at formulation of stable liquid oral preparations with cardiologic drugs, propranol- hydrochloride, sotalol-hydrochloride and furosemide, for the children aged from newborn to approximately 6 year. At the formulation of the preparation compositions, the simple routine preparation in a pharmacy was the main target as well as the use of excipients safe for paediatric population in the minimal necessary amount. Using a high performance liquid chromatography, chemical stability of the active ingredient and, simultaneously, the preservative was determined in all formulated preparations stored at two different temperatures at time points over minimum 180 days. In order to achieve this, the specific analytical methods were developed and validated at the department of Analytical chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové. However, the...
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Synthesis and study of ceramide analogues
Školová, Barbora ; Vávrová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Matějka, Pavel (referee) ; Šklubalová, Zdeňka (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of inorganic and organic chemistry Candidate: Mgr. Barbora Školová Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Kateřina Vávrová, Ph.D. Title of doctoral thesis: Synthesis and study of ceramide analogues Ceramides (Cer) together with free fatty acids and cholesterol form intercellular lamellar space of the uppermost skin layer (stratum corneum, SC). This lipid matrix presents the proper skin barrier - it protects organism against outer environment and keeps its homeostasis as well. The composition and arrangement of the intercellular lipid matrix is essential for the skin barrier properties. In spite of this fact, the organization of SC lipids at the molecular level is not fully elucidated. The aim of this work is to contribute to more detailed insight into organization of skin barrier using SC lipid model membranes, in particular to find the structural parameters in ceramide molecules, which play a role in the maintenance of the skin barrier. The SC model membranes present a useful tool to study SC lipids, they mimic physiological or pathological conditions in the skin. The obtained results should be used in diagnosing or therapy of skin diseases characteristic with impaired barrier function, such as atopic dermatitis or psoriasis....
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