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Analysis of far-right subjects in the Czech Republic and Slovakia
Podsedník, Michael ; Charvát, Jan (advisor) ; Mlejnek, Josef (referee)
This master`s thesis deals with the theories of the far-right party family. The theoretical part consists mainly of textual work and the author introduces theory of the party family and the far-right party family. Next, theories of three different authors are introduced and on their bases the author studies selected political subjects, which are Dělnická strana sociální spravedlnosti, Svoboda a přímá demokracie of Tomio Okamura, Slovenská národná strana and Kotleba- Ľudová strana Naše Slovensko. The author bases the work on the concepts of far-right parties by these authors: Piero Ignazi, Hans-Georg Betz and Cas Mudde. Furthermore, the dynamic development of far-right parties, is described with focus not only on Europe but more specifically on Czech Republic and Slovakia. The goal of this thesis is to find out if it is possible to categorize various subjects into the far-right party family based on the selected criteria and potentially point out their differences. Mainly analytical and empirical method is used in this thesis. For the analysis of the parties, the author uses political programs, presentation of the subject in the public eye and media, and also their activity on social media.
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Comparison of Czech and Slovak Personal Parties
Malý, Michal ; Mlejnek, Josef (advisor) ; Perottino, Michel (referee)
This thesis deals with one of the phenomena of the personalization of politics, personal parties. Personnel parties are not particularly scrutinized in current political science discourse. However, it can be assumed that the phenomenon of personalization will increasingly permeate the political environment. Therefore, the goal of this work is to fill this empty gap and analyze selected Czech and Slovak personnel parties in a mutual comparison. The choice of countries is by no means random. The Czech and Slovak Republics were still one country until 1992, so it will be interesting to see if the parties in both countries develop differently. The ANO and SPD movements will be analyzed from the Czech sides, and the SME RODINA and OLANO movements from the Slovak sides. The movement was chosen because it has successfully passed at least two elections and is still active in the parliament of both countries. Movements will be explored from different perspectives. The first perspective will be the position of leader within the party, where a strong to dominant position is assumed. In the second part, the analysis will focus on the stability of the parties from the external and internal parts, and the last part will examine whether there is a fixed programmatic position for the personnel parties. The goal of...
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Party discourse analysis Law and Justice (PiS) in Poland and its development by the concept of populism
Zapletal, Jakub ; Stauber, Jakub (advisor) ; Mlejnek, Josef (referee)
This thesis deals with a qualitative content analysis of the populist discourse in the Polish party Law and Justice (PiS). To that end, it uses the ideational approach, informed by a conceptualisation of the populist radical right, including its relation to democracy, inclusion and exclusion. In methodology, findings from the current literature are complemented by a study of chosen new speeches and media inputs, in addition to the election programmes. PiS is described as populist, combining this discourse with nativism, and the development of this discourse is observed mainly in the changing intensity of its use in relation to other aspects such as social welfarism or politics of fear (against refugees and LGBT+), as well as occasional absence of this discourse. In regard to the reform of the judiciary and other steps of the government, the differing explanation ranging between populism and institutionalism is noted, and towards the European Union or the protests against the abortion ban the relationship with populism is problematised.
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Still Red? KSČM in Discourse and Practice
Vacek, Jan ; Perottino, Michel (advisor) ; Mlejnek, Josef (referee)
KSČM (Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia) is considered as one of the oldest Czech political parties, as it is the direct successor of KSČ (Communist Party of Czechoslovakia). Until recently it was also a parliamentary party with strong blackmail potential, as the minority government of ANO 2011 and ČSSD was based on its votes. Even though the party has been rather in isolation for the majority of post-revolution history, it has been one of the most stable units in the country. The party itself with its programme, statutes and communication declares itself Marxist and its members, including highest representatives and ideologues, adheres more or less openly to Leninism. The aim of this diploma thesis is to identify whether these claims are based on reality and to what extent the party inclines to these ideologies. In the first, theoretical part, this thesis tries to define both aforementioned ideologies based on professional literature, especially Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx and Vladimir Lenin's 21 Conditions of Admission to the Third Internationale. The second part of the thesis deals with historical genesis of the party with focus on ideological position of the party and fulfilment of chosen definitions in history. The last, analytical part of the thesis is focused on evaluation of the...
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Comparative study of the National Unification and the National Fascist Community in the Czechoslovak parliamentary elections 1935
Chadima, Hugo ; Mlejnek, Josef (advisor) ; Charvát, Jan (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to examine the basic political attributes of two nationalist and fascist electoral subjects running in the Czechoslovak parliamentary elections in 1935: the National Unification and the National Fascist Community. Thesis will focus on aspects of internal organization and influential actors. It will offer an overview of ideological and programmatic positions of both parties. Subsequently, it will focus on their election results, identify major voter groups, and take into account the findings of previous research. This paper focuses on the following research question: How did the political orientation, the internal party actors and the electoral groups of the National Unification and the National Fascist Community differ? What influence did these factors have on the result of both parties in the elections to the Chamber of Deputies in 1935? Thesis uses comparative methods and applies them to existing historiographic research. At the same time, it deals with data analysis of election results and demographic indicators, which it processes within a defined electoral core. In the end, the thesis attempts to use the acquired knowledge to answer its research question and comes to the conclusion that both subjects are very different from each other. National unification, which...
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Development of the Presidential Office in the Czech Republic
Šváblová, Sára ; Hájek, Lukáš (advisor) ; Mlejnek, Josef (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the development of the presidential office from 1918, when the Czechoslovak Republic was founded, to 2018. In particular, it focuses on presidential powers. The purpose of the first part is to describe and trace, on the basis of constitutional texts, the changes in the individual competences of the head of state, as well as changes in his or her electability and accountability, and to place them in the context of constitutional development in the Czech lands. The aim is to present information about the presidential office in a clear and comprehensible way. The second part of the thesis focuses on a comparative analysis of specific powers. The thesis focuses on four presidential powers: the right to reverse a law or the right of veto, amnesty and pardon, and the appointment and dismissal of the government. The comparative analysis is conducted from the perspective of the constitutions and focuses on the distinctive elements of these powers. The aim is to assess, on the basis of the elements being compared, under which constitution the presidency was strongest in that particular power.
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Democratic erosion and media in Central Europe
Nováčková, Michaela ; Guasti, Petra (advisor) ; Mlejnek, Josef (referee)
The bachelor thesis analyses the declining media freedom in relation to the transformation of the ownership structure in Hungary and Poland. In the theoretical part, it introduces the reader to key concepts and definitions of democratic backsliding, which places in the context of the basic historical development of media freedom in the two selected countries. In the analytical part, the thesis focuses on three variables: state advertising, ownership structure and delegitimization of journalists, according to which it compares the situation in Hungary and Poland on the basis of a paired comparison. The aim is to find out what effect the changing ownership structure has on media freedom and how this is reflected in the quality of democracy of political regimes.
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Significance of Trianon treaty and Hungarian minorities in neighbouring countries in Hungarian politics after 1989
Adámek, Oliver ; Mlejnek, Josef (advisor) ; Kubátová, Hana (referee)
The presented bachelor thesis analyses the impact of Trianon treaty and Hungarian diaspora in Hungarian politics after fall of communism. Effect of this topic in Hungarian politics is being explained by analysis of important events of Hungarian politics connected to the Trianon- topic, as well as by analyzing and presenting Hungarian state budget spendings on subsidies directed to Hungarians living in post-trianon regions. At the same time, the thesis describes the impact and position of Trianon topic in the ideology of prime minister Orbán, the governing Fidesz party and the so-called "national cooperation regime." As a result of the analysis, we can state that the Trianon topic became a crucial dividing line in several moments of the Hungarian domestic and also foreign politics, which is illustrated by relations between Hungary and Ukraine, which are also described in the thesis. This phenomenon also represents one of the important ideological basics of Orbán's specific political system. The topic's importance remains strong even after the country joined the European union (and the borders have practically disappeared), which is confirmed by the growth of Hungarian state budget financial sources directed on the so-called national politics - meaning the politics of Hungary in the relation with...
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Relationship of the Czech Catholic Community to the European Union
Hobzík, Mikuláš ; Mlejnek, Josef (advisor) ; Salamon, Janusz (referee)
The bachelor thesis builds on the academic debate on the relationship between religion and politics and explores the hitherto unexplored attitude of the Czech Catholic milieu towards the European Union, through the prism of views on EU migration policy. Using the method of media discourse analysis, the attitudes of seven prominent figures in the Czech Catholic milieu and their positions on the issue of migration and the related EU response are examined during the migration crisis between 2015 and 2017. The analysed attitudes are categorised as belonging to the established attitudes concerning European integration - Euroscepticism and Euro-optimism. The results show a balanced representation of both trends, with a slight predominance of Euroscepticism. The Czech Catholic milieu thus reflected the divisions within Czech society on several issues related to the EU and migration. Therefore, the religious beliefs of the Catholics surveyed do not represent a unifying factor in political views on the EU and the Czech Catholic environment does not form a coherent ideological stream Keywords The Catholic church; European union; migration crisis; refugees; Czech Catholic milieu
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Political profile of the Kaczynski brothers
Komenda, Adam ; Mlejnek, Josef (advisor) ; Hornek, Jakub (referee)
CHARLES UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE Faculty of Social Sciences Institute of Political Studies Adam Komenda Political profile of Kaczyński brothers Master thesis Abstract The thesis is about two major Polish politicians, Lech and Jarosław Kaczyński. The thesis describes factors that have had a significant impact on their value orientation and political goals, focusing on key events of their life and, above all, political trajectories, capturing, characterizing and evaluating their political profile. In the thesis, it is stated which political goals the Kaczyński brothers managed to realize and which, on the contrary, did not succeed. The thesis also reflects the leadership style of the Kaczyński brothers in terms of leadership theory, especially from the point of view of Max Weber's The Three Types of Legitimate Rule and in therms of Transformational leadership by Bernard M. Bass. Keywords Bronisław Geremek, Fourth Polish Republic, Donald Tusk, Jarosław Kaczyński, pragmatism of Kaczyński, Lech Kaczyński, Lech Wałęsa, screening, Civic Platform, political, Poland, Centre Agreement, Law and Justice, Sejm of the Republic of Poland, Smolensk tragedy, Smolensk myth, Solidarity, leadership.
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