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Prosodic Phrasing in Good Speakers in English and Czech
Hledíková, Hana ; Skarnitzl, Radek (advisor) ; Čermák, Jan (referee)
The aim of this BA thesis was to compare prosodic phrasing in good public speakers of English and Czech. Naive observations of English and Czech spoken in everyday communication suggest that Czech intonation is more flat and that Czech speakers divide the flow of speech into longer prosodic phrases than English speakers. We focused on the speech of good public speakers to see whether there are differences in the temporal and melodic characteristics between the two languages in this stylistic domain. We analysed segments from speeches by 10 TEDTalk speakers in Czech and American English and measured the length of prosodic phrases, speaking rate, standard deviation of the fundamental frequency in each prosodic phrase and in the nuclear part of the phrase (measure of pitch span), and Cumulative Slope Index in each prosodic phrase (measure of melodic variability). The number of syllables per prosodic phrase was found to be higher in Czech than in English, although phrases were generally very short in both languages. Speaking rate was found to be faster in Czech than in English. Pitch span in both the whole prosodic phrase and the nuclear part of the phrase was found to be wider in English than in Czech. Melodic variability was found to be higher in English than Czech. These results show that there are...
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Loss of Inflections in Updated Old English: the Noun Phrase in the Text of Nativitas Sanctae Mariae
Malcová, Markéta ; Čermák, Jan (advisor) ; Tichý, Ondřej (referee)
This work is concerned with the question of loss of inflections in the noun phrases of the Ælfrician homily De nativitate Sanctae Mariae (Nativitas Sanctae Mariae Virginis; Pseudo- Matthaei Evangelium). On the basis of collation of the manuscripts MS Hatton 114 and Bodley 343 a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the noun phrase is performed. The analysis aims to describe the main tendencies in the phonetic and morphological changes found in the text. The main tendencies of the morphological changes point toward the approach chosen by the scribe of the Updated manuscript Bodley 343 in dealing with the weakening case system. This includes unifying nouns which vary in gender affiliation in a single paradigm or the gradual implementation of new word endings with more narrowly defined meanings than ever before. The observed changes are placed in the context of the development from Old to Middle English.
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Infinitival complements of the verb help in present-day spoken British English
Průšová, Karolína ; Malá, Markéta (advisor) ; Čermák, Jan (referee)
The thesis investigates the use of the bare infinitive and to-infinitive as a complement of the verb help in present-day spoken British English. It focuses on the frequency of each form of the infinitive and on factors influencing the choice between them. Material for the analysis is extracted from the corpus Spoken BNC2014. The theoretical part defines the infinitive, describes its forms and functions, and introduces different approaches to infinitival complements of help together with the studies concerned with them. The analysis consists of two parts. In the quantitative part the frequency of the construction ‚help + (NP) + bare infinitive' and ‚help + (NP) + to-infinitive' is determined. The qualitative part analyses these constructions in terms of factors influencing the choice of the infinitive form after help, as they were described in secondary literature. Except for the factors adopted from secondary literature, attention is paid to other features connected to the individual constructions. key words: complementation of the verb help, bare infinitive, to-infinitive, factors influencing the choice of the infinitive form, present-day spoken British English
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As in the Middle English Romance Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
Novotná, Alena ; Čermák, Jan (advisor) ; Tichý, Ondřej (referee)
This diploma thesis aims to classify the uses of as in the text of the Middle English romance Sir Gawain and the Green Knight from a formal and functional perspective. As has acquired a great number of functions through the process of grammaticalization. The theoretical part of the thesis firstly deals with the historical development of as from the Old English swā and ealswā. It then describes the uses of as in Middle English. In this period, as was found to function as an adverb, conjunction, preposition and a relative pronoun. Each of these uses can be further divided into a number of subtypes. The thesis subsequently summarizes the functions as can have in Present-Day English. The final sections of the theoretical overview briefly present the processes of grammaticalization and constructionalization, as these two processes have been instrumental in the development of as. The practical section is concerned with the analysis of all the instances of as in the chosen text. It classifies them and defines each type of use in more detail. The analysis also considers competing means of expressing the same function and comments on possible ambiguities. Furthermore, this section deals with the uses of as in the text from the perspective of their grammaticalization and also points out uses which are only...
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The problem of energy-efficient train control
Berkessa, Zewude Alemayehu ; Kisela, Tomáš (referee) ; Čermák, Jan (advisor)
The Diploma thesis deals with the problem of energy-efficient train control. It presents the basic survey of mathematical models used in the problem of energy-efficient train control, analysis of optimal driving regimes, determining optimal switching times between optimal driving regimes and timetabling of the train. The mathematical formulation of the problem is done using Newton's second law of motion and other known physical laws. To analyse optimal driving regimes and determine the switching times between optimal driving regimes, we apply tools of optimal control theory, particularly Pontryagin's Maximum Principle. The timetabling of the train is discussed from the numerical solution of the settled non-linear programming problem.
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Stabilization methods for unstable solutions of the discrete logistic equation
Fedorková, Lucie ; Tomášek, Petr (referee) ; Čermák, Jan (advisor)
Diplomová práce pojednává o stabilizaci diskrétního logistického modelu pomocí několika řídících metod. Je zde provedena především stabilizace rovnováh, 2-periodických cyklů a 3-periodických cyklů. Ke stabilizaci systému je využito proporčního zpětně-vazebního řízení, zpětně-vazebního řízení s časovým zpožděním a řízení založeného na predikci. U každé metody je diskutovaná stabilizační množina pro řídící zesilovač spolu s oblastmi stability pro odpovídající kontrolovaná řešení. Všechny teoretické výsledky jsou ilustrovány grafickými interpretacemi v softwaru MATLAB. Podpůrné výpočty jsou provedeny pomocí softwaru Maple.
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Characterization of basic functions
Petrášová, Anna ; Řehák, Pavel (referee) ; Čermák, Jan (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with characterization of basic functions, namely selected elementary and higher functions. Functional equations provide a useful tool for characterizing these functions. There is performed characterization of the linear function, power function and its special cases, logarithmic and exponential function, trigonometric functions and Euler Gamma function.
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