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New Possibilities of Prevention and Monitoring of Breast Cancer
Hosnedlová, Andrea ; Třeška, Vladislav (advisor) ; Jandík, Pavel (referee) ; Gaťek, Jiří (referee)
Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancer in women, whose incidence rate is significantly increasing worldwide. Mortality has been reduced over the past few years, thanks to constantly improving diagnostic methods, full-scale mammography screening as well as comprehensive treatment. The success rate of treatment is known to depend on the earliness of diagnosis of breast cancer. Therefore, the scientists endeavour to find and optimize laboratory diagnosis of tumors using serum or tissue tumor markers. However, thus far, there is no biomarker suitable for screening or diagnosis of the early stage of breast cancer. Aim of the study: Our main goal was to study classic tumor markers and many other molecules associated with the process of carcinogenesis, namely markers of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, growth factors, multifunctional proteins and proteases to assess their benefit of evaluation of tumor aggressiveness, extent of surgery, choice of the subsequent therapy and recurrence detection. A partial objective was to compare preoperative levels of these biomarkers (CEA, CA 15-3, CYFRA 21-1, TPA, TK, MonoTotal, VEGF, EGF, IGF-1, IGF-BP3, Osteopontin, Osteoprotegerin, Matrix Metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9) between a group of patients with malignant and benign breast disease....
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Relevance of Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes as a Prognostic Factors at Patients With Portal Vein Embolisation (PVE) and Patinets With PVE and Administration of Autologous Stem Cells
Brůha, Jan ; Třeška, Vladislav (advisor) ; Gürlich, Robert (referee) ; Šubrt, Zdeněk (referee)
Relevance of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes as a prognostic factors in patients with portal vein embolisation (PVE) and patients with PVE and administration of autologous stem cells Background: low future liver remnant volume (FLRV) is the cause of why 75% of patients with colorectal liver metastases (CLM) are primarily inoperable. Portal vein embolisation (PVE) helps to increase FLRV and so increase the operability. But PVE fails in almost 40 % of patients. Usage of stem cells (SCs) could be the way how to support the effect of PVE. Currently, there are studies of interactions of the immune system and malignancies. We do not know about papers focused on relations of the immune system and CLM in patients treated by PVE. There were not described interactions of ABC transporters and CLM at patients after PVE was performed too. Aims: the aim of this dissertation was to verify the effect of PVE and intraportal administration of SCs on the growth of FLRV and progression of the CLM. Other aims were to evaluate the tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, ABCC10 and ABCC11 transportes in patients treated by surgery for CLM after PVE and their clinical relevances. Methods: intraportal administration of SCs after PVE and their effect was explored in a group of 63 patients (43 patients with PVE alone, 20 in the group PVE with...
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Biological activity of breast cancer
Zedníková, Ilona ; Třeška, Vladislav (advisor) ; Gaťek, Jiří (referee) ; Jandík, Pavel (referee)
Structured abstract Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common malignant disease in women and represents a worldwide problem. By using up-to-date diagnostics methods, mammography screening as well as complex treatment, mortality was substantially reduced. However, the incidence of disease is constantly growing in a moderate way. The struggle against this disease has several levels, such as prevention, primary tumor therapy as well as solution of recurrent disease or generalization of this. Therefore, it is very significant to evaluate prognosis on the basis of biological characteristics of tumor and to determine the right individual therapy in each patient. Aim of the study: Our aim was to determine a group of patients with malignant breast disease on the basis of biological characteristics of the tumor axillary exenteration might be omitted in if there is the presence of sentinel lymph node metastasis, which can reduce morbidity connected with this surgery without worsening prognosis. Group and methodology: The research project lasted from June 2012 to June 2015. It was an introspective randomized study where the main investigated group was made up of women with primarily surgically treated mammary cancer who underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy (SNB) within surgery. These were divided into three...
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Liver Regeneration with aplication of hematopoetic stem cells after portal vein embolization in pacients with primary inoperative colorectal liver metastases
Fichtl, Jakub ; Třeška, Vladislav (advisor) ; Šnajdauf, Jiří (referee) ; Šubrt, Zdeněk (referee)
Introduction: The reason for the inability of performing the liver resection for colorectal carcinoma metastasis is usually insufficient remnant liver parenchyma after liver resection (future liver remnant volume - FLRV). The current standard method of increasing FLRV is the embolization of the branch of portal vein (portal vein embolization - PVE) on the side of the tumor, and then suspended after hypertrophy of the non-embolised lobe liver resection. Unfortunately, there are some patients who do not increase liver volume despite perfectly executed PVE. Besides that, FLRV occurs during the time necessary for hypertrophy progression of metastatic disease. Therefore, we are trying to find the appropriate way to encourage the growth of remaining liver parenchyma and accelerate hypertrophy of the contralateral liver lobe. From our previous experience (IGA MZ NS 10240), it is possible to be optimistic that there hope is the way of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC - adult stem cells) after previous PVE to non-embolised branches of the portal vein. These cells do not only accelerate liver regeneration, but are also able to improve its function (function of the liver) which is especially important for patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (steatohepatitis or steatofibrosis), and for patients with...
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Suitability of the surgical models of acute liver failure in experimental study
Ryska, Ondřej ; Antoš, František (advisor) ; Třeška, Vladislav (referee) ; Drastich, Pavel (referee)
Introduction The development of an appropriate animal model of ALF is paramount for the understanding of the disease pathogenesis and evaluation of potential therapeutic approaches. Acute liver failure (ALF) is a severe, usually rapidly progressive disease characterized by high mortality (60 - 90 %). Besides acute liver transplantation which faces a shortage of donors, the only possible therapeutic alternative is applying biological or non-biological liver support systems. To confirm the effectiveness of these methods, clinically relevant model of ALF on a large laboratory animal is essential. Surgically induced ALF models seem to be more reliable than models based on chemical intoxication. Ideal model of ALF has not yet been published. Surgical models are usually performed with devascularisation, large liver resection or hepatectomy. The aim of this work was to introduce three surgical models of ALF and evaluate their usefulness for testing biological and non-biological liver support systems. Materials and Methods Female laboratory pig weighing 35 - 45 kg was used for the experimental study. After induction of general anesthesia the thermodilution catheter was introduced via jugular vein. Femoral artery and vein were cannulated for invasive blood pressure monitoring and for infusions and...
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Bioartificial liver in the treatment of experimental acute hepatic failure in a large laboratory animal
Pantoflíček, Tomáš ; Šmejkal, Karel (advisor) ; Král, Vladimír (referee) ; Třeška, Vladislav (referee)
Bioartificial liver in the treatment of experimental acute hepatic failure in a large laboratory animal Aim: To evaluate bioartificial liver (BAL) in the treatment of acute liver failure in the experiment. Methods: 10 minipigs weight 25 - 30 kilograms with experimental acute liver failure (ALF) by surgical devascularization with portocaval by-pass were treated by BAL. The biochemical and hemodynamical parameters of ALF including intracranial pressure (ICP) were measured. The results were compared to control group without BAL treatment. Results: To compare plasma bilirubin there was statistically significant difference between experimental and control groups in 6th and 9th hours to favourite BAL group of minipigs (20,86 vs. 10,60, 22.29 vs. 11,75) and in the 12th hour (37,4 vs. 12,88). The value of ICP in both groups was not significant. Conclusion: The functionality of BAL on our own surgical model of ALF was proven. Initial 85 % viability of fresh isolated porcine hepatocytes and their survival in the time of BAL treatment was reached. Bilirubin plasma concentration has significantly changed in comparison in both groups. ICP values were not changed significantly. Key words: acute liver failure - minipig - bioartificial liver - BAL - Bioreactor - hepatocytes - intracranial pressure
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Perioperative prognostic factors in breast cancer
Černá, Monika ; Třeška, Vladislav (advisor) ; Gaťek, Jiří (referee) ; Šiller, Jiří (referee) ; Jandík, Pavel (referee)
Introduction: Breast cancer still remains the most common malignancy in women and its incidence is slowly increasing. A marked reduction of mortality has been achieved in the last 10 years thanks to modern diagnostic methods, mammary screening, and comprehensive and targeted cancer therapy. Modern diagnostic capabilities not only allow early diagnosis of a primary tumor lesion and precise determination of its biological nature before commencing treatment, but they also enable early diagnosis of local and regional recidives, including diagnosis of metastases in distant organs. In addition to clinical examination, conventional and complementary imaging examinations and tumor markers our objective was to determine the importance and use of growth factors in relation to the overall prognosis. The growth factors physiologically act already during the ontogenetic period when they control cell growth, proliferation, differentiation and apoptotic processes. It is known that they take part in the tumor growth processes which are characterized by autonomous behavior, increased proliferative activity, distinct differentiation activity and reduced apoptosis. Growth factors work as autoregulation factors in the neoplastic process as well as through their paracrine effects mediated by more or less specific receptors....
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Analysis of the cytosol of thyroid gland and its contribution in the differential diagnosis of nodular lesions
Pikner, Richard ; Topolčan, Ondřej (advisor) ; Fínek, Jindřich (referee) ; Třeška, Vladislav (referee)
Thyroid nodules represent the most frequent endocrine lession in our population and it is neccessary to differentiate malignant lessions from them. The aim of the study was to validate determination of selected angiogenic, proliferative, and appptotic markers in cytosol tissue extracts. We analysed 166 tissue samples (85 goitres, benign adenomas and 10 malignat tumours in which VEGF, bFGF, Endostatin, Thymidinkinase ans TPS were determined. Main limitation of cytosolic analysis is tissue sample volume, that must be about 1cm3 and interindividual variability caused by tissue sample heterogeneity. Best way is to compare normal with pathological tissue samples from one patient. We fund significant differences amog histological groups in VEGF, bFGF, Endostatin and maily Tymidinkinase and TPS. These differences are not sufficiently huge to distinguish goitres and benign lessions . We also did not find any correlation between cytosolic markers and iminuhistochemistry markers . Cytosol analysis is not able to measure local expression and its differences in anylysed tissue, but it is able to quantitatively determine mean levels of selected markers.
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