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The relationship of primary school children to physical activity
Fleková, Petra ; Bunc, Václav (advisor) ; Šteffl, Michal (referee)
Name: The relationship of primary school children to physical activity Aim: The main aims of this bachelor thesis were to determine children's relationship to sport activities, to find out children's awareness concerning sport, and their most common and most popular leisure activities, and to describe content and course of physical education at school. Additionally to find out the teachers' opinion about children's physical fitness. Methods: 103 pupils aged from 6 to 12 years and 15 teachers participated in this empirical descriptive study. The survey was compiled from three groups which were dedicated to the sport awareness, physical education and leisure activities. Results: 65% of children are interested in physical activities, 82% of children devote to them, 82% of children intercut them with other activities, 37 % of children are engaged in the sport two days a week. The responses regarding the interests of individual sports are different. 80% of children can cope with physical education in duration of an hour. Sport games are the most favorite content of physical education (64%). 79% of teachers emphasized warming in their physical education lessons. According to the teachers' observation the children's physical fitness were low, children started basic compulsory education with low physical...
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Comparison of selected physical parameters artistic gymnasts and classic bodybuilders in the off-season period
Pae, Alain ; Šteffl, Michal (advisor) ; Krištofič, Jaroslav (referee)
ABSRACT Title: Comparison of selected physical parameters artistic gymnasts and classic bodybuilders in the off-season period Objectives: The goal of the thesis was to determine and compare basic anthropometric parameters and selected physical parameters of artistic gymnasts and classic bodybuilders in the off-season period. Methods: The work had the character of empirical research whereby the key approach was observation. Investigated group (n = 12) were divided evenly into two subgroups based on sports specialization. At the first stage, values for basic anthropometric parameters were obtained. Then, with the use of bioelectrical impedance analysis, values for selected parameters of body composition were measured. Two-sided Mann Whitney's U test was used to compare statistical significance of differences. Results: Statistically important differences of the measured values have been recorded in the following parameters: body weight (p value = 0,002), body fat (%, kg) (p value = 0,002/0,002), fat free mass (%) (p value = 0,002), skeletal muscle mass (%, kg) (p value = 0,004/0,002), BMI (p value = 0,002), SMI (p value = 0,002) and total body water (%) (p value = 0,004). The only parameter that has not reached statistical significance (p>0,01) is the absolute amount of fat free mass (p value = 0,132). A...
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Reference values of hand grip strength in older people in the Czech Republic
Hájek, Jakub ; Šteffl, Michal (advisor) ; Daďová, Klára (referee)
Title: Reference values of hand grip strength in older people in the Czech Republic Objectives: The main aim was to establish reference values for handgrip strength and grip strength adjusted by BMI in the elderly over 50 years old in the Czech Republic. Methods: Data obtained from the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) was used to calculate reference values for handgrip strength and grip strength adjusted to BMI. The reference values were based on percentile distributions depending on age and gender; additionally percentile nomograms were created. Results: The research sample consisted of 1,787 men (average age 64.5 ± 8.8) and 2,207 women (average age 64.3 ± 8.9 years) from the Czech Republic. Men achieved higher values than women for both variables, which continuously decreased with age in both genders. Conclusion: Those reference values could serve as key indicators for evaluating the physical fitness of seniors in the Czech Republic. Key words: physical performance, frailty, sarcopenia
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Vital capacity in adolescent artistic gymnasts
Moláčková, Marcela ; Šteffl, Michal (advisor) ; Krištofič, Jaroslav (referee)
Title: Vital capacity in adolescent artistic gymnasts Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the influence of gymnastics training on the forced vital capacity (FVC) in young gymnasts compared to their untrained peers. Methods: The study included children aged 6 to 10 years. Basic anthropometry, spirometry using a portable spirometer, and the number of training hours per week were investigated. Children were gathered from three occasions: during a sport event series for children called Sporťáček, at the Christmas competition in Vršovice, and in the sports club SK Hradčany. Results: 287 children (167 girls and 120 boys; six to ten years old) participated in the study. FVC was lower in all gymnasts compared to untrained children of the same gender, but these results were not statistically significant. According to the generalized linear model adjusted for age and height, boys who trained ˂4 hours had odds to have worse FVC than their untrained peers; however, this was also not statistically significant. Keywords: Spirometer, FVC
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The effect of smoking, alcohol consumption and physical activity on the risk of dementia
Moulisová, Karolína ; Šteffl, Michal (advisor) ; Staňková, Klára (referee)
Title: The effect of smoking, alcohol consumption and physical activity on the risk of dementia Objectives: The main aim was to estimate influence of selected factors on the development of dementia. Methods: Bachelor thesis is designed as a cross-sectional study. Data for analysis was obtained from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Results: Data from 6,339 females and 7,226 males older than 60 years was analyzed. Smoking and problem with alcohol drinking were the most dangerous factors for development of dementia. Physical activities without regard of intensity may serve as a protective factor against dementia. Keywords: dementia, Alzheimer's disease, dementia risk factors, SHARE
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Supplementation and nutritional strategies in artistic gymnastics
Černák, Ján ; Petr, Miroslav (advisor) ; Šteffl, Michal (referee)
Title: Supplementation and nutritional strategies in artistic gymnastics Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to bring a critical view of the current state of nutrition and supplementation in gymnastics, as well as suggest ways to optimize nutrient intake and supplements in practice. Methods: For research I used primarily the database of electronic resources PubMed, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, Ovid and others. Based on informations from the articles and the available literature I created this review. Results: Low energy intake, especially in gymnasts, can cause degenerative disorder to health (menstrual problems, impact on growth). This is connected with inadequate nutrient intake. The aesthetic factor and the strength to weight ratio play a major role in reducing energy intake in gymnasts. Supplements are used by approximately 58% of gymnasts, who take them to improve the performance and because of physiological demands. Keywords: energy intake, food intake, gymnastics
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Analysis of physiological indicators of dancers in Acrobatic Rock and Roll
Škoda, Michael ; Šteffl, Michal (advisor) ; Kinkorová, Ivana (referee)
Title: Analysis of physical indicators among dancers of acrobatic rock and roll in category Background: It could be expected that several years of training process could influence the vast majority of physiological functions in rock and roll dancers who have undergone for many years of hard training. Aims: The measuring of selected indicators of physiological functions in the group of acrobatic rock and roll dancers and the comparing their level of physical capacity with reference values and with level of physical capacity of the best acrobatic rock and roll dancers of the world were the main purposes of this study.. Methods and design: The study was designed as a qualitative research. 6 pairs (12 subjects) of acrobatic rock and roll dancer category A were included in a study group by using a non-randomized selection. The UNIFITTEST (Jump far from the place, sit-up, chin-up, measuring subcutaneous fat), and other measure (handshake, vertical jump, heart rate) were done. Further quantitative data were collected by using questionnaires. Several statistical methods were used to process the data obtained. All results were compared with reference values. Results: According to our expectation the dancers of acrobatic rock and roll were better than average population in the most tests. Key words: acrobatic...
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Body profile of students of the Military branch at Faculty of Physical Education and Sport - Charles University in Prague
Vrba, Matěj ; Kinkorová, Ivana (advisor) ; Šteffl, Michal (referee)
Title: Body profile of students of the Military branch at Faculty of Physical Education - Charles University (UK FTVS) in Prague Objective: Characterizing the body profile (body composition and somatotype) of the Military branch students at Faculty of Physical Education - Charles University (UK FTVS) in Prague. Method: The work has the character of an empirical research, having observation as its main method. The observed group was consisted of the Military branch students (22) attending the full-time form of study at UK FTVS in Prague. To characterize the group they were used methods of descriptive statistics - position rate (arithmetic mean) and rate of variability (standard deviation). The somatotype was determined according to Heath and Carters (1967) program Somatotype 1.2.5. Body composition was evaluated using the devices Tanita MC - 980 software, using prediction equations for a sporting population (Athletic mode). Results: The average somatotype of the military branch students at UK FTVS in Prague was ectomorfic - mesomorph, characterized by the group of three digits 1,7 - 7,3 - 2,5. In terms of the measured somatotype, the Military branch students have very good preconditions for general physical fitness. Average BMI was 23,76 ± 1,45 kg/m2 . In terms of body composition, the average body...
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The relationship between sarcopenia and two behavioral factors - cigarett smoking and alcohol drinking - meta- analysis
Šteffl, Michal ; Kohlíková, Eva (advisor) ; Rusina, Robert (referee) ; Králíková, Eva (referee)
Background Sarcopenia is one of problems its prevalence and development have been studied in many researches. A meta-analysis focusing to sarcopenia relationships could open the new space for following scientific works. Objectives The main aims of that study were to explore relationships between sarcopenia and cigarette smoking and also sarcopenia and alcohol drinking in relatively healthy people over 65 years old on the basis of recommendation of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews. Methods Four electronic databases were searched to identify potentially relevant literature for this study. Then the data which contained relevant information were transformed into contingency tables and there were calculated odds ratios (OR) by using those tables. Except OR calculating, there was made systematic review section where the ORs which were transferred from individual studies were collected and assessed. Finally age-adjusted linear regression models were done. Results Out of 373 papers identified as potentially relevant by the database searching, 20 were ultimately included in the meta-analyses. From those papers data of 33,162 participants were analyzed. It was found that OR (95% CI) in cigarette smoking analysis was in males 1.65 (1.16 - 2.35), in females 1.42 (1.09 - 1.85), and in overall...
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The noise intensity in commercial aerobic classes in relation to hygienic standards
Kleinová, Nikola ; Šteffl, Michal (advisor) ; Petr, Miroslav (referee)
Links: Aerobic motion activity as it is offered in commercial aerobic classes is generally considered to be beneficial for the motion apparatus, and for one's overall health. Nevertheless, loud music accompanying the exercise can rather cause damage to one's health. Goals: The main scope of my thesis is to measure the noise intensity in commercial aerobic classes and to verify whether the noise does not exceed the limits permitted by hygienic standards. Methods: In my thesis I used a specific method for determination of the noise intensity in the aerobic class space. I opted for the noise level according to EPA standards ranging between 70 and 80 dB as the basic constant. The measurement itself took place after calibration in eleven measured spots in a fitness centre located in České Budějovice. The measured spots were established in the space according to the placement of the sound apparatus and the measurement itself took place in the height of the sound apparatus of a fitness centre client. The measured values were further processed into descriptive graphs and all outcomes were further processed using statistical methods in order to verify the measurement validity according to statistical significance. Results: On the basis of the performed measurement, data processing and the following...
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