|
|
Perceptual and subjective component of body image in preschool girls
Chudobová, Petra ; Fraňková, Slávka (advisor) ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (referee)
Sociokulturní ideál krásy je přejímán již v předškolním věku (Feldman et al., 1988, Flannery - Schroeder a Chrisler, 1996). Předškolní děti se od svých rodiču! sourozencu, vrstevníku a z médií učí, že štíhlost je vysoce oceňována a být "tlustý" je špatné. Jsou ovlivněny televizí, dětskými časopisy i hračkami typu panenky Barbie. Cílem této práce bylo zjistit, jak je body image formován u dívek předškolního věku 1 zda lze tyto zněny detekovat metodou, adekvátní chápání předškolních dívek. Dále jsem chtěla zmapovat, co soudí předškolní dívky o svých proporcích, jaké proporce považují za ideální, zda rozumí pojmu dieta! jak hodnotí zájmy štíhlé a silné figury, do jaké míry jsou schopny přesného odhadu vlastního těla a postavy matky, jaká je jejich představa o ideální budoucí postavě. Výsledky ukazují, že k významným kvalitativním změnám dochází mezi čtvrtým a pátým rokem života. Tříleté a některé čtyřleté dívky ještě nejsou schopny postihnout (nebo verbálně vyjádřit) rozdíly mezi odlišnými tělesnými rozměry. Pětileté a šestileté dívky dobře rozlišují tělesné rozměry, často používají negativní označení pro objemnější tělesné proporce. Šestileté a starší dívky mají již realistický body image. Většina z nich vyjadřuje averze a kritické připomínky vuči lidem s nadváhou. To muže znamenat, že začínají přijímat...
|
|
|
Quality of life of dialysis and transplant patients
Pěkný, Radek ; Šivicová, Gabriela (advisor) ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (referee)
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a chronic illness, which significantly influences patient's life. Two widespread possibilities of renal replacement therapy are dialysis and kidney transplantation. The first section of the theoretical part summarizes medical aspects of ESRD. The second section deals with psychosocial aspects of chronic illness generally, which are replenished with a particularity of dialysis and transplantation therapy. The last section hands in theoretical constructs of quality of life and sumarizes results of foreign studies, which have dealt with Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) of dialysis and transplant patients. Empirical part of the thesis maps HRQoL in relation to some selected factors (gender, marital status, age, level of education and period of treatment) in group of dialysis and transplant patients. The main goal of the whole thesis is comparing HRQoL among dialysis and transplant patients through questionnaires SF-36 and WHOQoL-BREF.
|
|
|
Food choise and food preferences at patients with type two diabetes who are not treated by insulin therapy
Nemeškalová, Adéla ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (advisor) ; Šivicová, Gabriela (referee)
Diabetes type two is a chronic progressive disease often associated with obesity and hypertension. Experts predict that diabetes type two cases will increase in the future. Having type two diabetes increases the risk of many serious complications. The diploma work is dedicated to patients with type two diabetes treated either by meal planning, weight loss and exercising or by meal planning, weight loss, exercising and antidiabetic oral agents. The theoretical part of diploma work brings information about diabetes type two and obesity. It concerns information about treatment of diabetes and obesity and psychical problems of patients with the need to adopt healthy habits, balanced diet and drug therapy. The theoretical part is also about food behavior and food preferences. Theoretical portions also deal with the importance of dietary patterns in control of body weight and management of diabetes. It concerns psychical problems connected with diabetes and obesity. It also concerns different approaches to nutrition and psychical problems connected with dietary regime. The practical part of diploma work contains the study of food choice and food preferences. The study included 116 (66 women, 50 men) patients with type two diabetes on antidiabetic oral medication or diet. Each participant completed a detailed...
|
|
|
Depressions problems in pacients with diabetes mellitus - analysis of the Beck depression inventory
Halamová, Magdalena ; Niederlová, Markéta (referee) ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (advisor)
Research results Monitored variables was evaluated with the application of following statistical methods: t-test for two independent samples, analysis of variance ANOVA, and correlaation analysis (the Pearson correlation coefficient). The level of depression judged by the average BDI score and the distribution of frequencies was significantly different only in terms of sex, women had a significantly higher average BDI score than men. In the lowest BDI score ( without depression) population percentage had more men, in the moderate depression and depressive had higher number of women. Analysis of BDI items found, in the terms of each observed variable a number of items, which differ significantly. Most often was item 9 - Suicidal Ideas, which differs significantly in relation to type of diabetes, sex, age and type of treatment. Analysis of general components BDI evidence highlights 3 factors explaining of 41,3% variance in the study population. Specificaly these were Negative feelings of oneself, Psychical discomfort and Somatic symptoms. Factors of Negative feelings of 7 oneself and Somatic symptoms differ significantly in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Conclusions The level of depression doesn't differ in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Negative feelings of oneself is an underlying...
|
|
|
Quality of life and social support in patients with diabetic foot disease
Hubertová, Lucie ; Šivicová, Gabriela (referee) ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (advisor)
Summary:Diabetic foot disease is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus that is associated with averse sequelae and high costs. The study was focused on psychic and social aspects of quality of life. The aims of this study were following: (i) the description of the quality of life in patients with diabetic foot disease by comparing their quality of life with that of a sample from the healthy population; (ii) characterization of social support in patients with diabetic foot disease by comparing subgroup living with partner and a subgroup living without partner; (iii) the examination of depressive symptoms in patients with diabetic foot disease by comparing severity of depressive symptoms with that of a sample from the healthy population; (iv) the description of psychosocial aspects of diabetic foot disease - limitation of daily activities, interpersonal problems and emotional burden due to problems with foot (v) to examine association between some psychosocial aspects (i.e. social support, limitation of daily activities, interpersonal problems and emotional burden), and severity of depressive symptoms. The study discovered that the patients with diabetic foot disease had significantly lower scores in physical health and psychological health domains of quality of life in comparison to than health people....
|
|
|
Psychosocial aspects of chronic disease cystic fibrosis - coping
Hodková, Pavla ; Kebza, Vladimír (referee) ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (advisor)
The Diploma Thesis is dealing with the role of coping strategies in a chronic disease with a special interest in a cystic fibrosis (CF) disorder. In the Introduction section the biology nature of the CF, its psychology impact, as well as, techniques of coping in the respect to chronic disease, mainly to CF, are presented. Moreover, the possibility of a psychology intervention is discussed. Experimental section is devoted to the research performed with the group of 104 individuals of which 63 were parents of CF patients and 41 were adult CF patients. In order to examine coping strategies used in the selected CF groups Cystic Fibrosis Coping Scale Questionary was applied. Obtained data were statistically interpreted using a SPSS software. Results of paired Student's t-test show partial significant differences in coping strategies between groups of adults CF patients and parents of CF patients, groups of men and women, and in group of parents of CF patients classified according to their age. However, in the group of parents no statistically significant differences in relation to the age of their sick children were found.
|
|
|
Some psychophysiological circumstances of resilience
Šolcová, Iva ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (advisor) ; Břicháček, Václav (referee) ; Řehulka, Evžen (referee)
A question of an association between selected components of resilience and lowered level of psychophysiologic response to mental load has been addressed in three field studies and one laboratory study. Three studies were conducted with adult subjects; one study was devoted to children. Physical activity, type A/B behaviour pattern, trait anxiety, and hardiness were employed as independent variables in individual studies. Heart rate, heart rate variability and salivary cortisol were used as dependent variables. Protective effect of selected components of resilience has been demonstrated in three of the studies by lowering psychophysiological response to mental load.
|
|
|
Predictors of quality of life in the elderly
Dragomirecká, Eva ; Srnec, Jan (advisor) ; Kebza, Vladimír (referee) ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (referee)
The aim of this study is to investigate which factors are related to the quality of life of the elderly in the Czech Republic. In the first part of the work we summarized current findings about the ageing, particularly from demographical, sociological and psychopathological perspectives. Farther we discussed the concept of quality of life and research of quality of life in the elderly. In the second research part we analysed data from a representative sample of 325 older adults living in Prague that we collected as a part of the cross-cultural project "The Measurement of Quality of Life in Older Adults and its Relationship to Healthy Ageing". Set of instruments included the quality of life assessments (WHOQOL-BREF and WHOQOL-OLD), the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), The Attitudes to Ageing Questionnaire AAQ and Socio-demographic form. To identify determinants of various aspects of quality of life we ran regression analyses separately for each of the six WHOQOL-OLD and four WHOQOL-BREF dimensions. The strongest predictor across all quality of life dimensions was depression. The results confirm the importance of interventions and programmes promoting psychological well-being and preventing depressing in the elderly.
|
|
|
Overweight and a concept of personal space borders (psychological aspects of overweight)
Filasová, Katarína ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (referee) ; Fraňková, Slávka (advisor)
The study "Overweight and personal space borders (psychological aspects of overweight)" concerns the issue of overweight and obesity from the psychological point of view. The theoretical part deals with the general issue of overweight and obesity focusing on the personality of an obese person and tries to find a connection between overweight and a concept of borders of individual's space. The empirical part is focused on mapping the relationship between the body mass index and the ability to control individual's borders within a group of women, using a questionnaire as a tool of research.
|
|
|
Influence of psychosocial factors on emotional status, rehabilitation and quality of life of patients after myocardial infarction
Pilipčincová, Alexandra ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (advisor) ; Honzák, Radkin (referee) ; Kebza, Vladimír (referee)
Objective: To examine the impact of dispositional optimism/pessimism, social support and coping strategies on emotional distress (symptoms of depression and anxiety) of patients with myocardial infarction (MI) during hospitalization and one year after the discharge. To identify predictors of recovery and factors affecting quality of life of these patients. Methods: The sample consisted of 102 patients (25 women, 77 men) with diagnosis of acute MI, 2 - 4 days after MI. The age of men patients was lower than 65 and of women lower than 75. During the follow-up, one year after the discharge, we interviewed 63 patients (45 men, 18 women). The group used for comparison consisted of 1% random sample of Czech population from Benešov district, matched with regard to age and sex, selected during epidemiological survey PostMONIKA. Results: Patients with acute MI were significantly more depressed than the subjects from comparison group (ll% vs. 3% p<0.05). One year after MI, the prevalence of depression symptoms among patients was the same as in the comparison sample. Patients with acute MI reported anxiety symptoms only rarely and denial as a coping strategy was associated with diminished occurrence of anxiety symptoms. An association between emotional coping, distraction cop1ng, lack of social support, dispositional...
|
guest ::
RSS feed.