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Czech System of Compulsory Education - PISA data analysis
Žďárská, Barbora ; Cahlík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Votápková, Jana (referee)
This thesis is aimed at the effect of the educational reform, carried out in 2004, on the performance of Czech students. Moreover, the thesis analyses the impact of factors such as for instance sex, economic and social status, nationality, age on the results of Czech schoolchildren. The thesis deals with the importance of education as an indicator of level of development of a state. For the purposes of the research about educational system the thesis uses data from a survey PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment). The PISA is the best-known international comparative survey for the evaluation of the standard of an educational system of a country. The theoretical part of the thesis gives information about the methodology used during the data collection. The thesis also describes a critical perspective on the assessment, which is considered a controversial topic nowadays. In order to measure the impact of the reform the empirical research works with a pooled cross section containing data from 2003, 2006, 2009 and 2012. According to the thesis inquiry performances of pupils are influenced by sex as well as by social and economic status. However, due to a lack of time periods, the analysis fails to measure the effectiveness of the educational reform. The thesis is concerned with themes such as an...
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Czech educational system in the international context
Kučera, Milan ; Cahlík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Břízová, Pavla (referee)
This bachelor thesis analyses the impact of chosen variables on results from PISA. The thesis describes the short existence of PISA, summarizes the results from PISA with aiming on aggregatable variables and also deals with critique of PISA. The thesis provides the insertion of the czech system of compulsory education in the international context of results and findings of PISA. Econometrics analysis based on panel data of 44 countries participating in PISA from years 2006, 2009 a 2012 were confirmed international autocorrelation in results of PISA, significantly positive impact of economic, social and cultural background and negative impact of the inequality in the distribution of wealth in society. For this purpose was used spatial autoregressive model using maximum likelihood estimation method. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Impact of Population Policies on Economic Development
Kaneko, Shinya ; Cahlík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Hejlová, Hana (referee)
Within the presented thesis, the issue on the impact of population policy types and economic development is investigated using econometric regression analysis on an unbalanced data panel of 188 countries during the period of 2000 to 2014. The key development of the existing econometric model is the adoption of population policy indicator variables according to the type of population policy (pronatal, antinatal, maintain and no intervention). The aim of this thesis is to show the significance and positive or negative correlation of population policy dummy variables with the use of representative datasets, which were selected according to empirical research. Additionally, the same model is also conducted for different groups of countries, (more developed, less developed and least developed) so as to examine the outcome according to the level of development. Consequently, short term negative effect of pronatalistic and maintaining population policy on GDP per capita is demonstrated. On contrary, regressions on different groups of countries validates no significant evidence on policy dummy variables.
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The Role of the Interest Rate in Causing the Great Depression
Ali, Bano ; Ryska, Pavel (advisor) ; Cahlík, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis analyzes the major causes of the severe economic depression appeared in 1930s. It focuses on the role of the interest rate in its causing and the duration of it. The aim is to - through the comparison of three economic schools - Keynesians, Austrians, and Monetarists - show the different views of understanding the interest rate as such and then apply them on the situation before and during the crisis to explain various perspectives on its role in possible causing of the contraction of economic activity in a process of the business cycle. The comparison outlines, how deeply individual schools differ. While Keynesians considered the dear money and high interest rates as the main cause of the crisis and similarly to Monetarists, they both suggested keeping them on low level, Austrians promptly refused the policy of low interest rates. Further, firstly, it shows the inverse relationship between the growth of money supply and interest rates in 1920s and proves that the decrease of interest rates was caused to large extent by the increased quantity of money. Secondly, it provides the evidence that the growth of money supply and of investment spending was larger than the growth of gross domestic product.
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Millennium Development Goals: Comparison and Analysis of Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia
Bunatyan, Hayk ; Cahlík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Chytilová, Julie (referee)
This thesis analyses three South Caucasus countries: Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia. The main point of analysis is the eight Millennium Development goals created by United Nations, during Summit on September 8, 2000. Each of the countries will be analyzed individually and then compared with each other to see the strong and weak points of each of the countries in the process of reaching the eight MDG goals. I will try to include all-important factors, which may play role in distinguishing those points. The main goal of my thesis is to prove and try to show that my hypotheses, which are mentioned below in the thesis proposal are really actual and might benefit the South Caucasus region.
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Household Debt in the Czech Republic: Focus on Mortgage Amount Determinants
Mittigová, Patricie ; Cahlík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Princ, Michael (referee)
The growth of household indebtedness in the last decade led to more attention paid to this issue since it could threaten the stability of financial system in the future. In the Czech Republic, this rise is mainly caused by the increased number of mortgage loans, which are usually the largest financial burden that debtors have to repay. For that reason, I focus on mortgages since their growth has been the most significant in comparison with other loan types. The aim of this thesis is to analyse how personal characteristics affect one's decision on the amount they choose to borrow in order to finance their housing needs. For this purpose, I performed a multiple regression analysis applying several estimation methods. By examining a random sample of ČSOB clients who have taken out a mortgage, I discovered that person's income, age, marital status, education and region a person lives in are significant factors affecting debtor's choice about how much they borrow. Conversely, the number of children affects the amount borrowed only at higher quantiles of the distribution, whereas it is not a significant factor at lower quantiles. This thesis complements rather a limited number of studies about the Czech household debt as it provides new findings about a borrower's decision. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Czech Health Care in the International Context
Cieslar, Jakub ; Cahlík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Votápková, Jana (referee)
Finance flowing to health care forms a significant part of total expenses in developed countries. This fact is closely related to efficiency of allocating health care resources. This thesis aims to estimate and compare efficiency of Czech health care system as well as 132 member states of World Health Organization in 2012, their development since the year 2000 and comparison and description of other papers focused on related topics. To acquire relative efficiency estimates (efficiency with respect to the sample), output oriented Data Envelopment Analysis specified with variable returns to scale is used. Obtained results can help with choosing role-model systems and to reduce ineffectiveness. Results also suggest which systems succeeded in improvement of the efficiency in allocating of resources.
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Millennium Development Goal on Education: An empirical analysis of the determinants of primary school enrolment
Topinka, Michal ; Cahlík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Břízová, Pavla (referee)
This bachelor thesis examines the relationship between country-level development indicators and the major indicator of the second Millennium Development Goal on education, the net enrolment ratio in primary education, using econometric analysis of panel data. Given that majority of studies analyzing the determinants of primary school enrolment use data from household surveys containing information about individuals, the study presented in this bachelor thesis investigates, whether variation in primary school net enrolment ratios can be explained using aggregate country-level data on adjusted net enrolment ratios and factors measuring development of particular economies. This study uses data on 192 countries for the period 1999-2012. The findings suggest that data on development are definitely useful in analyzing the determinants of school enrolment, but more detailed data containing information about individuals are needed to assess the causes of different levels of enrolment in individual countries in order to design policies to achieve universal primary education. Keywords Millennium Development Goals, MDGs, Education, Net enrolment ratio in primary educa- tion.
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An Analysis of the Chinese Labor Market
Shin, Eunyoung ; Cahlík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Chytilová, Julie (referee)
An Analysis of the Chinese Labor Market Eunyoung Shin Abstract The purpose of this thesis is to analyze China's labor market. Before main analysis, we examine modern history of China. Based on the history, we discover background of China's economic growth and side effects which are represented as inequality. While China pursues uneven regional development policy, regional disparity problems have been emerged. To meet our goal, we have three factors: employment, average wage, and tertiary education attainment. First, we provide overall labor market situation from various angles: urban-rural, sector, and ownership type. Second, we examine our three factors by province. Finally, we summarize results of analysis and make a comparison about provinces. All data employed in this paper are extracted from National Bureau of Statistics of China and reference year is 2005, 2010, and 2014.
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(Non)rationality of betting
Hamáček, Filip ; Hlaváček, Jiří (advisor) ; Cahlík, Tomáš (referee)
The subject of this bachelors thesis is nonrationality of betting. The first part of thesis is discussing different instruments of risk evaluation. The second part is about Petersburg paradox. This thesis tries to find alternative solution to Petersburg paradox using two methods, the first method is based on repeating high amount of petersburg games. The second method is maximizing the probability of economic survival, which is based on wealth of the player and on bound of economic survival. In the third part of this thesis, Sportka (Czech lottery) is compared with special tournament of poker. The goal of this part is to compare the expected return of investment on playing Sportka and on playing poker without even basic notion about rules and the game strategy. For the estimation of the expected value of poker tournament, different game scenarios are considered, probability of scenarios are based on players behavior according to the Nash equilibrium. Keywords: Betting, expected value, Petersburg paradox, lottery, poker, Nash equilibrium
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