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Guilt and responsibility in the context of criminal law: Discursive practices and strategies
Vávra, Martin ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Válková, Helena (referee) ; Večeřa, Miloš (referee)
The thesis deals with the ways political and expert (especially legal and criminological) discourses formulate and reproduce the meanings, assumptions and definitions constructing the man as a subject of criminal law, a subject responsible for his actions. It focuses on the ways the political domain (in particular, the lower and upper chambers of the Czech Parliament) and the scientific domain (in particular, legal science, criminology and psychiatry) form and formulate the opinions of "criminal law" and the ways these opinions are reflected in meanings embodied in criminal law itself. Methodologically, the thesis builds on critical discourse analysis. Put in plain language, what makes discourse significant is the oppression it brings upon us by defining what can be said about the world and how one can meaningfully act in it. Thus, it is not (only) a reflection of another, more real reality and it cannot be fully reduced to some other social phenomena. Therefore, by investigating discourse, one can identify the assumptions social actors build on and the argumentative frameworks they apply in discourse. The theory section formulates premises for the subsequent analysis of specific topics related to the formulation of "criminal" guilt and responsibility. After a short review of sociological...
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Confrontation of worker and evil in selected areas of social work
Jančo, Milan ; Matoušek, Oldřich (advisor) ; Válková, Helena (referee)
Diploma thesis " Confrontation of worker and evil in selected areas of social work " deals with the issue of evil in the context of social work. The theme is unlocked through philosophical discourse. There are various theories presented based on the dimensions of evil, already include holistic concepts of man (biological, psychological, spiritual and social unity of human existence). In describing the focus of evil in the context of each part of the model is to use some of the favorable scientific disciplines. Followed by a description of the theory of evil in the context of social work and shows the characteristics of the areas in which the research was conducted, ie prisons, probation and mediation, homelessness, drug scene. Research spacecraft mapping the perception of evil workers and productive strategies related to its mastery. The knowledge has been presented and interpreted in the context of defined research problems. The last section summarizes the theory of evil and shows the key findings important for understanding the concept of evil and effective strategy for coping with this phenomenon. This text can serve not only social workers but also people with different sectoral specializations in the helping professions who are exposed to evil.
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The current questions of the juvenile justice system with a special focus on the educational measures
Pacvoňová, Renata ; Válková, Helena (advisor) ; Hulmáková, Jana (referee)
This thesis is aimed at the current issues of juvenile justice system, especially the educational measures. The center of attention is the youths responsibility for their illegal acts, alternative process and measures, which are set up against the delinquents. Statistics show how the criminality of young people appears at present and what sanctions are taken against them. The main focus is aimed at the educational measures, which are specific to the type of sanctions imposed on young delinquents. The practical part shows the description of sample cases, where educational measures were imposed on young people. In conclusion is a recommendation and some incentives how to improve the current situation in juvenile justice system.
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Probation in system of criminal sanctions from the point of view of prevention of recidivm
Poláchová, Jana ; Válková, Helena (advisor) ; Matoušková, Andrea (referee)
The theme of my diploma thesis is the efficiency of the probation supervision of the system of justice. My aim is to inform wheather and in which way the probation supervision helps to reduce the risk of crime's relapse. This diploma thesis is divided into two parts. The first one is theoretical whereas the second one is practical. In the theoretical paragraph I explain the aims and reasons of probation supervision. The wide scope of taking advantages of this care is also mentioned. I describe all activities connected with the above. The pecularities of youngters's probation supervision are pointe dout, as well. Last but not least I inform about the course of the probation supervision and try to compare alternative sanctions to the imprisonment. A statistic survey of probation supervision in last few years makes a part of my thesis, too. The second part of my thesis is based on my practice in the centre of probation and mediation care. I mention the results of my research among the members of the working team in the above organisation and social worker's for youngsters and adults. I inform about their points of view of this care and connected probléme and thein cooperation. The next paragraph show the way of life of several clients of probation and mediation care. I inform about their situation, crime,...
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Supervision of a probation officer over criminal irresponsible children
Řeháková, Lenka ; Válková, Helena (advisor) ; Tomko, Anton (referee)
Diploma thesis "Supervision of a probation officer over criminal irresponsible children" deals with juvenile delinquency, juvenile justice law adaptation for criminal responsible children younger 15 years of age and concerns with the ways by which society can react to the juvenile delinquency according to valid law adaptation. In its theoretical part this thesis focuses on definition of the keywords such are 'child', 'age limits of criminal responsibility', 'delinquency'. Thesis includes also description of juvenile delinquency as such where the law adaptation related to this issue is taken into consideration as well as the discipline precautions which can be ordered by court of law as a reaction to the unlawful behaviour. The goal of the practical part is to map the obstacles which discourage effective usage of discipline precautions supervision of a probation Office and suggest possible solving. The analytical part of the thesis was realised by two techniques, namely, questioning technique and document analysis.
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Home arrest in the first year of the effectiveness of the new Criminal Code. First experience of the application practice, compared with the treatment and practice in Germany
Krchňavá, Zuzana ; Válková, Helena (advisor) ; Hulmáková, Jana (referee)
This thesis deals with home arrest, its legal regulation in the new Criminal Code of the Czech Republic and its application practice in the first year of effectiveness, taking into account the amendment of this regulation in the second year of effectiveness and at the same time providing a comparison with the treatment and practice in Germany. For a better understanding of the topic, the thesis introduces at the beginning the new division of criminal offences according to their seriousness and the system of sanctions brought up by the new Criminal Code. The thesis then deals with home arrest as a new alternative punishment; the aim of alternative punishments is outlined and the historical regulations on the home arrest are stated there for the sake of interest. The main part of this thesis is represented by chapters dealing with legal regulations on home arrest and its execution, taking into account the recent amendment of this law. After that, the thesis deals in detail with controlling the home arrest execution by the Czech Probation and Mediation Service workers and with shortcomings of the controlling resulting from the missing electronic monitoring. In the following part, treatment and practice of home arrest in Germany is described as compared to the legal regulations in the Czech Republic....
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Criminology prevention in the frame of primary school curriculum in Czech Republic
Höferová, Marta ; Válková, Helena (advisor) ; Večerka, Kazimír (referee)
This theses focuses on how the criminology prevention in the frame of primary school curriculum in Czech republic is organized and what importance do the primary school teachers in Prague attache to it. In the practical part, the theses addresses criminology knowledge, with special focus on bullying at school, Labour and Social Welfare Departement's stratégy on criminology prevention, it's implementation in school subject such as Citizenship Education and Human and it's World (throught comparative analyses of textbooks content), and criminology prevention in workshops of Policy and providers of primary prevention programs (throught comparative analyses of program contents). It also samples some uccessfull criminology prevention programs abroad. In theoretical part, the theses focuses on evaluation qvantitative datas of an exploring coil, which investigated what importance do the primary school teachers in Prague attache to criminology prevention in primary school curicullum and how they evaluate it's organization. As conclusion , some recommendations are mentioned for criminology prevention enhancement within primary school curriculum framework and proposals for further research within issue.
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Juvenile Delinquency and the Family
Podaná, Zuzana ; Buriánek, Jiří (advisor) ; Tomášek, Jan (referee) ; Válková, Helena (referee)
Delikvence mládeže a rodina Zuzana Podaná Abstrakt Disertační práce se zabývá tématem delikvence mládeže, které nejprve představuje jak v teoretické rovině a z pohledu výsledků zahraničních kriminologických výzkumů, tak i z metodologické perspektivy, kde diskutuje možnosti výzkumu tohoto fenoménu a využitelnost různých zdrojů dat. Klíčová analytická část studie je založena především na výsledcích výzkumu ISRD-2, jenž byl vůbec první celonárodní reprezentativní studií delikvence mládeže v České republice uskutečněnou metodou selfreportů. Výzkum proběhl v letech 2006-7 a zahrnoval žáky sedmých až devátých ročníků školy. Z teoretických pozic práce vychází především z koncepcí sociální kontroly, ale propojuje je rovněž s přístupem teorie diferenciální asociace a využívá i situační hledisko kriminálních příležitostí. Prezentované analýzy nejprve popisují stav, strukturu a vývoj delikvence mládeže, a to i na základě policejních statistik, což umožňuje porovnat jejich výsledky s výzkumem ISRD-2. Hlavní pozornost je pak věnována etiologii delikvence, kde je za primární východisko zvolena rodina a zkoumány jsou její různé aspekty a jejich vztah k delikvenci. V závěru práce jsou analýzy rozšířeny i o další sociální faktory (vrstevnické skupiny, životní styl, škola, sousedství) a individuální dispozice (sebekontrola,...
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Mentor, his Importance and his Training for Work with Persons Released from Prison
Petrboková, Lenka ; Válková, Helena (advisor) ; Černíková, Vratislava (referee)
My thesis discusses the importance of having mentors work with individuals released from prison as a means to prepare them for re-entry into society. First, I present a theoretical framework that enables better insight into the issue. I conclude by comparing the mentor system in the Czech Republic to that of the United States, with a focus on the role and importance of mentors in working with individuals released from prison. I approached this from my own perspective, as I served as a mentor for over three years. I have seen firsthand the struggles of some when it comes to re-integration in society, and I have also seen programs that work, all from the perspective of an on-the-ground mentor. The work also describes the training mentors receive and testimonials from clients who were released from prison and received help from the mentoring program, both in the Czech Republic and in other country. Mentors' importance lies mainly in the fact that the mentor helps to solve problems of these people and at the earliest possible time after their release. Mentoring has its reach into the communities where it is applied. For clients is very important experiences that their situation can be resolved the way that it does not violate the law and that there is someone you trust and who is accompanied in this way.
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The institute of preventive detention: comission, goals and limitations of the new preventive measure
Koláříková, Lenka ; Válková, Helena (advisor) ; Kodymová, Pavla (referee)
The institute of preventive detention is a new protective measure in our penal law. The theme of this thesis is an analysis of the comission and goals of the new protective measure and focusing on a comparation of theoretical and practical function of this protective measure. The folowing chapters provide the characterization of the preventive detention and its legal framework in the Czech republic. The component part of the thesis is also a description of the preventive detention in a legal framework of other state, concretely Slovakia. At the end of the work there are explicated knowledges obtained during the visit of the Institute for preventive detention Brno. In this chapter not only functional equipment is described but also the compositon of the inmates and employees and their most important competencies. Programms, by which are the medical goals fullfiled are described at the end of the thesis.
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