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Point processes on linear networks
Moravec, Jan ; Prokešová, Michaela (advisor) ; Pawlas, Zbyněk (referee)
The central theme of this thesis is the theory of point processes on linear net- works, in particular two kinds of the network K-function. The first part is devoted to the theory of stationary point processes in the plane, including the K-function and its estimator. The second part is concerned with the theory of point proces- ses on linear networks. There is defined the Okabe-Yamada network K -function and its estimator, the geometrically corrected network K-function, including its estimator, and there are explained their theoretical properties. In the third part we examine the ability of these two kinds of the network K-function to detect clustering or regularity in point processes on linear networks. There is explained the envelope test, the refined envelope test and the deviation tests. The software environment R with library spatstat is used for simulations.
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Induction of neurogenesis and gliogenesis after ischemic injury of CNS
Filipová, Marcela ; Anděrová, Miroslava (advisor) ; Moravec, Jan (referee)
Ischemic injury (stroke) is one of the most common causes of death and disability in humans. Discovery of adult neurogenesis and possibilities to induce neurogenesis by cytokines brought new approaches and hopes in treating the ischemic lesion in future. The aim of this thesis is to describe cellular and molecular mechanisms of neurogenesis, mainly those discovered within last ten years. The first part describes generation of new neurons in the brain under physiological conditions, which is localized in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and in the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles (i.e. in principal neurogenic regions). The second part describes animal models used for studying ischemic injury in rodents and moreover, it focuses on patophysiology of ischemic brain injury, which is accompanied by astrocyte and microglia activation. Further, the ischemia-induced neurogenesis is described in these two major neurogenic regions. Also the important role of NG2 glial cells in central nervous system (CNS) regeneration is pointed out. According to recent findings NG2 glia that are present in all regions of CNS might serve as a potential source of cells for directed differentiation into oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and even neurons during CNS repair/regeneration. In the last part of this work,...
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The role of synaptic modulation in pain states.
Adámek, Pavel ; Paleček, Jiří (advisor) ; Moravec, Jan (referee)
Everybody has experienced pain. Pain by definition is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. In the peripheral tissues acute painful stimuli activate specialized endings of afferent neurons called nociceptors. The information about tissue damage is then transmitted to the cell bodies of these dorsal root ganglion neurons by unmyelinated or thinly myelinated axons (C and A fibers, respectively). The central branches of these neurons form synapses with superficial dorsal horn neurons in the spinal cord. The information is conveyed at the synaptic connections by neurotransmitters such as glutamate and many others neuromodulators. Important is the subsequent activation of projection neurons that transmit the information to supraspinal brain areas. Activity of excitatory and inhibitory interneurons, glial cells and descending pathways from the CNS are also important for the modulation of nociceptive information at the spinal cord level. After peripheral tissue damage and in other pathological states, increased sensitivity to peripheral stimuli may develop. As results of this change innocuous stimuli are perceived as painful (alodynia) and increased pain is perceived after noxious stimuli (hyperalgesia). The underlying mechanisms of these changes may be...
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Ethical Plausibility of Suicide
Moravec, Jan ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Blažková, Miloslava (referee)
Diploma thesis "the ethical plausibility of suicide" deals with problem of suicide from philosophical and ethical spectacle. Enthrones essential metodological determination in view on different suicides. Importanat determination is essential enthronement of hierarchy of human questioning for life. In the thesis is showed primary onthological question, secondary qualitative question and tertiary quantitative wuestion. This determination of essential questions should help in inquiry for main thesis question: "in which cases is suicide ethicaly accetable or ethicaly good." Diploma thesis works with different arguments and admitances to suicide. Diploma thesis confrontates this arguments and admitances with offered metodology and with ethical norms and systems from onther philosophers. Those norms and systems are converted to essental three questions and consenquently compared, if they can predicate something about ethical acceptability suicide. Diploma thesis don't only stays on person of self-murderer. Diploma thesis tries to shows a connections between the act of suicide and relations with other people. The moment which draws together different cogitations is moment of toleration. Final admittance is build on teaching of John Locke. Diploma thesis is also forced to consider the problem of human freedom.
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Ionotropic glutamate receptors and excitotoxicity
Skřenková, Kristýna ; Vyklický, Ladislav (advisor) ; Moravec, Jan (referee)
Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system and its excitatory role is mediated trough activation of glutamatergic ionotropic receptors which are responsible for synaptic transmission and play an important role in learning and memory formation. However, excessive exposure to glutamate can result in excitotoxicity which may lead to cell death. The following text is focused on one group of glutamate receptors - NMDA receptors. The study of the receptors is in the centre of current neurobiology research because there is a series of experimental and clinical evidences that they directly participate in the development of serious diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and may cause neuronal damage in trauma, hypoxia and embolia. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to give a brief overview of current knowledge about the structure and function of NMDA receptors and mechanisms of their activation which leads to excitotoxicity and related neuroprotection.
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Cholinergic regulation of ion transport in the large intestine
Hock, Miroslav ; Pácha, Jiří (advisor) ; Moravec, Jan (referee) ; Kolínská, Jiřina (referee)
anglicky Acetylcholine is one of the most important mediators of enteric nervous system involved in the regulation of ion transport in the large intestine. Although, recently, plenty of new evidences of various expression of ion transport proteins in distal and proximal colon was published, there still lacks an electrophysiological study comparing these parts of colon considering all that new findings. The aim of this study was thus to compare cholinergic regulation of ion transport in distal and proximal colon. We measured responses of distal and proximal colon in Ussing chambers by voltage-clamp method. The colonic epithelium was clamped to 0 mV and responses were recorded as changes of short-circuit current (SCC). Instead of acetylcholine we used its stable analogue carbachol. Data were processed and analyzed using a VBA code I wrote for this purpose for MS Excel 2007. We confirmed that carbachol acts directly on epithelial cells via muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in both, distal and proximal colon. These responses to carbachol were not influenced by inhibitors of Cl- channels situated in apical membrane (CFTRinh-172 and niflumic acid). Inhibition of basolateral influx of Cl- by serosal Ba2+ and furosemid reduced responses to carbachol in both, distal and proximal colon. Inhibitors of K+...
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Simultaneous confidence intervals dual to stepwise methods of multiple comparison
Moravec, Jan ; Komárek, Arnošt (advisor) ; Hlávka, Zdeněk (referee)
The central theme of this thesis is the construction of simultaneous confidence regions (SCR) corresponding to stepwise multiple comparison procedures (MCP). The first chapter is devoted to the theory of multiple comparisons, including the class of closed testing procedures which contains every MCP that strongly con- trols the familywise error rate. The second chapter is concerned with the gene- ral principle of construction of SCR corresponding to closed testing procedures. These general results are used in the third and the forth chapter for deriving the SCR corresponding to a subclass of closed testing procedures which are based on weighted Bonferroni tests. The SCR corresponding to the Holm, the Holm(W), the fixed-sequence and the fallback MCP are derived explicitly. The theoretical results are numerically illustrated on a bioequivalence study. In the fifth chapter we briefly discuss the SCR corresponding to the Hommel, the Hochberg and the step-down Dunnett MCP.
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Role of Potassium Channels in the Regulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Tone
Bencze, Michal ; Zicha, Josef (advisor) ; Moravec, Jan (referee)
In smooth muscle cells, potassium channels play an important role in the regulation of the membrane potential of smooth muscle cells, which is closely related to vascular tone. Four different types of K+ channels have been described in vascular smooth muscle cells. Voltagegated K+ channels (KV), which can be open by depolarization. Calcium-activated potassium channels (KCa), from the same gene family, are voltage dependent, and can be activated also by elevated concentration of intracellular Ca2+. Inward rectifying channels (KIR) display negative slope conductance. These channels amplify potassium flow and function as an extracellular K+ sensor. ATP-sensitive K+ channels (KATP) channels provide a link between cell metabolism and membrane potential. Function of K+ channels is also important in endothelium, which produces many vasodilatators and vasoconstrictors. Abnormal expression profile of K+ channels is part of vascular cell membrane remodeling.
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Agglomeration of animal feed mixtures
Moravec, Jan ; Lacina,, Lubor (referee) ; Svěrák, Tomáš (advisor)
The theoretical part of this work focuses on the description of mechanical properties of compound feed produced in cooperation with Mendel University in Brno. These properties are mainly flow properties, which are crucial for the technological processes of these mixtures. The first part of this work also contains a general information about commonly used shear devices. Jenike's Shear Cell and Rheometer FT4 from company Freeman Technology are described in more detail. Because of the complexity of the behavior of these materials, their properties are mostly found the experimental way, which is the main topic of the practical part of this work. In this section you can find a description of measurements performed on Jenike's Shear Cell and on the Rheometer FT4. Moreover measurements of strength and length of granules were undertaken. Further the analysis of powder feed mixtures on sieves is described. Materials analyzed were compound feeds for chickens. Mutually they differed in the content of mealworms. Pellets were made from the mixtures and were then also subjected to measurement.
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