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Armin Mohler's political thought in his book Conservative Revolution in Deutschland 1918-1932
Kloučková, Klára ; Charvát, Jan (advisor) ; Halamka, Tomáš (referee)
The topic of the conservative revolution and the German New Right is one of the less explored topics in the Czech academic environment. The personality of Armin Mohler, who is one of the spiritual fathers of the German New Right, offers a space for finding and understanding the essential ideas that influence the German New Right to this day. The aim of this thesis is therefore to describe key concepts of Mohler's thought in his first and influential work, The Conservative Revolution in Deutschland 1918-1932. At the same time, the thesis seeks to show the moments in which Mohler straddles the line between conservatism and right- wing extremism. The analysis of this borderline relies on the key concepts of conservatism and right-wing extremism, which are described in the first section. The second part already focuses specifically on the key concepts of Mohler's work. Firstly, Mohler's understanding of what a conservative revolution is in general is explained, and it is at this point that the borderline under investigation can already be traced. Next, the thesis identifies concepts such as nation, race, and empire, and it also looks at the militarism and militant thought of the conservative revolution and the groups that represent a non-negligible part of the conservative revolution. For all of these...
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Machiavelli and Erasmus in Comparison: The Prince versus The Education of a Christian Prince
Pazderová, Tereza ; Halamka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
The thesis deals with a comparison of the writings of Nicòllo Machiavelli's The Ruler and Erasmus of Rotterdam's On the Education of a Christian Ruler. The aim of the thesis is to determine whether these works are rightly regarded as contradictory. To achieve this goal, the historical context of both authors and their times is first presented. Then, through textual analysis, the two works are analysed, supplemented in places with insights from the contextual section. These are then compared using the comparative method. On the basis of the analysis and comparison of the two works, it was found that the two works cannot be considered to be completely contradictory. In some areas the views of the two authors are contradictory, however, we can also find many areas of opinion where they found agreement. This consensus was most often due to the common humanistic basis of both authors.
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Responsibility of Nation States for Global Justice: The Case of Germany
Wrenger, Nora Alma Emilie ; Salamon, Janusz (advisor) ; Halamka, Tomáš (referee)
The thesis philosophically examines what moral responsibility Germany has towards non-nationals outside of its borders, based on the country's commitment to human dignity. International institutions are excluded. The focus of this work lies on the concept of human dignity as the basis for global justice. As the foundation, a political and legal background is provided in the form of a discourse analysis. Using the criteria of Dworkin's method of the "moral reading" of the constitution, the Kantian notion of human dignity is identified as the moral philosophical basis of the German concept of dignity - thereby contributing to definitional clarification of human dignity and the related concepts constituting the foundation of the German hierarchy of values. On this basis, Germany has a moral duty to respect the human dignity of every individual. To examine whether a positive duty can also be established, the philosophical foundations identified - especially Kant's theory of justice - are applied to the global level. Lastly, the concept of negative and positive duties is utilised to explore the limitations of assigning responsibility to nation states in the globalised world. As a result, this thesis establishes, for Germany, a negative duty for non-nationals and a weak positive duty manifested in the...
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The Influence of Western Thinkers on Sun Yat-Sen, His Political Philosophy and Practice
Mališ, Jan ; Halamka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
The aim of this paper is to highlight the influences of major Western thinkers on Sun Yat-sen, which authors have had how much of an influence, and how different influences from different authors interact. The thesis begins immediately after the introduction, with a brief summary of Sun Yat-sen's life, emphasizing the possible influences from any angle. The work then moves on to the main part, which are the influences themselves, divided into two parts. The first are the broader influences, that is, the influences of authors, stimuli, or environments that did not have as much of an influence as the four main authors, but are still worthy of a subsection in the thesis alone. These chapters analyze Mill, Rousseau, Lincoln, and then the influence of Japan and British-influenced territories. The second part then deals with the main authors, which are Montesquieu,George, Kropotkin and Marx. The thesis then concludes with a summary of the main findings, a short recapitulation of the thesis and overall concluding thoughts on the thesis.
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The Reign of Marcus Aurelius: Stoicism in Political Decisions
Vošček, Lukáš ; Halamka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
The bachelor thesis focuses on the philosophy and government of the Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius. The thesis aims to find out how Stoic philosophy influenced Marcus Aurelius and his political decisions. Although he is generally regarded as a representative of Stoicism, the first section of the thesis examines to what extent, or whether at all, he truly was a Stoic. This part begins with a description of Stoicism in general, followed by an introduction of two representatives of the Late Stoa, Seneca and Epictetus, whose thoughts the thesis draws on in the following sections. Their Stoic ideas are compared with the philosophical reflections of Marcus Aurelius, which are contained in his only philosophical book - Meditations. The thesis analyses the thoughts of the book in detail using qualitative content analysis. Based on this section dealing solely with philosophy, the first research question can be answered, i.e., to what extent Marcus Aurelius was a Stoic. In the second section, the thesis traces the important and controversial political decisions that Marcus Aurelius made during his reign. The insights gained from historical literature are enriched with the author's interpretation of the interconnectedness with Stoicism, which forms the basis for answering the second research question, i.e., to...
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Integrating Republicanism: A Conceptual Approach
Halamka, Tomáš ; Franěk, Jakub (advisor) ; Znoj, Milan (referee) ; Fořtová, Hana (referee)
Republicanism is often divided into neo-Roman and neo-Athenian versions. However, both traditions considered separately can provide only a limited and narrow understanding of republicanism and thus deprive the republican political theory of valuable insights. On the contrary, this thesis argues that it would be preferable, both historically and theoretically, to conceive of the neo-Roman and the neo-Athenian strands as branches of a single integrated republican tradition. The thesis begins with a methodological discussion focused on how such an integrated account might be formulated and explains its preference for a conceptual approach that follows the morphology-oriented methodology developed by Michael Freeden. The thesis proceeds to track down the earliest formulations of republican concepts in ancient Greece, then turns to the Roman usage of these concepts and analyses the similarities and differences between the two earliest appearances. The next part concentrates on development of these concepts during the early modern era of classical republicanism in Italy, England and America. Afterwards, the most prominent neo-Athenian and neo-Roman approaches are analysed and interrelated. The last chapter summarises and synthesises the most important findings: (1) Two separate narratives of the...
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