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Fauna of soil nematodes and other soil micro-mesofauna in spruce clearings in the Šumava Mts., Czech Republic
Háněl, Ladislav
Soil micro- and mesofauna was studied in four spruce clearings in the Šumava Mts., covered by vegetation of Junco effusi-Calamagrostietum villosae. The total average abundance of nematodes varied from 1527 to 3864 x 10 3 ind.m-2 in individual localities (mean value 2833 x 10 3 ind.m-2). Root-fungal feeders were the most abundant nematodes mainly represented by Aglenchus agricola (about 50% of all nematodes) and by Filenchus spp. (5%, mostly F. misellus). The second most abundant trophic group were bacterivores (29%,mostly Acrobeloides nanus and Plectus spp.) followed by omnivores (6%, mostly Eudorylaimus spp.). The number of nematode species in individual localities varied from 51 to 57, the number of genera from 29 to 33. Generic heterogeneity of spruce clearing fauna was relatively low (mean H´gen = 1,92), as well as the value of maturity indices (SMI = 2,19, MI = 2,40, PPI = 2,01. (The mean abundance of enchytraeids in the set of localities studied was 55 x 10 3 ind.m-2, of rotifers 134 x 10 3 ind.m-2, of tardigrades 125 x 10 3 ind.m-2, and of copepods 5 x 10 3 ind.m-2.
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Short-term effects of grass mixtures on nematodes inhabiting agricultural soil in the Bílé Karpaty Mts., Czech Republic - a preliminary study
Háněl, Ladislav
Short-term changes of nematode assemblages were studied in field soil sown with regional and commercial grass mixtures and compared with those in a cultivated field in the course of one year. Total average abundance of nematodes in the grass mixture plots increased rapidly to 1308-2075 x 10 3 ind.m.-2 whereas in the field it remained relatively low (625 x 10 3 ind.m-2). The increase in population densities mainly concerned microbivores such as Panagrolaimus, Paraphelenchus, Aphelenchus and Aphelenchoides (950-1779 x 10 3 ind. m-2) followed by omnivores + predators (178-296 x 10 3 ind.m-2), while increase in plant parasite populations was slower (105-140 x 10 3 ind. m-2). The development of nematode assemblages suggests a great role of accumulation of above-ground as well as below-ground litter supporting microflora and microbial feeding fauna in initial stages of meadow restoration. In older stages, an increase of root density is expected simultaneously with multiplication of plant parasitic nematodes. Early successional development of soil nematode assemblages seemed to be faster in plots sown with regional grass mixture than in that sown with commercial grass mixture.
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Sukcese půdních biot na výsypkách - srovnání rekultivovaných a nerekultivovaných ploch
Pižl, Václav ; Frouz, Jan ; Tajovský, Karel ; Lukešová, Alena ; Nováková, Alena ; Starý, Josef ; Háněl, Ladislav ; Balík, Vladimír
Půdní organismy byly studovány na výsypkách v Sokolovské pánevní oblasti, na které nebyl po dosypání proveden žádný rekultivační zásah a jejichž povrch byl členěn systémem hřebenů a úžlabí mezi nimi. Pro studium jejich sukcese byla použita deduktivní metoda. Rozdíly v sukcesním vývoji na nerekultivovaných a výsadbou olše rekultivovaných plochách byly zjišťovány porovnáním společenstev půdních biot na stejně starých plochách. Abundance půdních organismů se, s výjimkou hlístic a larev dvoukřídlých v průběhu spontánní sukcese zvyšovaly, narůstal i počet druhů. Výrazná diverzifikace společenstev půdních živočichů však byla pozorována až po více než 20 letech sukcesního vývoje. Rozdílná byla i struktura společenstev půdních biot, přičemž na nerekultivovaných plochách byla zjištěna řada druhů zcela chybějících či jen vzácně nalézaných na zalesněné výsypce. Zachování ploch bez rekultivace může proto významně podpořit celkovou biodiverzitu výsypek.
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Comparison of soil nematode communities in spruce forests of the Žofín woodland area (Novohradské hory Mts.) and the upper Vydra river basin (Šumava Mts.), Czech Republic
Háněl, Ladislav
Soil nematodes were studied in two spruce forests at the Žofín National Nature Reserve and in three spruce forests of the upper Vydra river basin, National Park Šumava, in South Bohemia. The total mean abundance of nematodes in the spruce forests ranged from 863 to 4877x10 3 ind.m-2 with variation from 231 to 6947x10 3 ind.m-2 on individual sampling dates. The most abundant nematode genera were root-fungal feeding Filenchus (48,3% of all nematode individuals in the spruce forests studied), bacterivorous Plectus (11,2%), and omnivorous Eudorylaimus (8,5%). The lowest abundance but the greatest variety of nematodes was found in a waterlogged spruce forests at the Žofín Reserve whereas the greatest abundance of nematodes occurred in the spruce forests of the Vydra river basin. The nematode fauna in the two regions compared showed particular differences, especially in the groups of bacterivorous, plant parasitic and predatory species.
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Rekolonizace území poškozených těžbou hnědého uhlí půdními organismy a možnosti jejího urychlení
Balík, Vladimír ; Frouz, Jan ; Háněl, Ladislav ; Kalčík, Jiří ; Krištůfek, Václav ; Lukešová, Alena ; Nováková, Alena ; Pižl, Václav ; Starý, Josef ; Tajovský, Karel
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