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The expression of negation in Czech sign language
Hendrychová, Lucie ; Okrouhlíková, Lenka (advisor) ; Macurová, Alena (referee)
This bachelor thesis is the first material focused on the expression of negation in Czech sign language. It shows the most frequent mediums of manual and non-manual negation excerpted from the recording of natural communications between native deaf speakers, users of Czech sign language. This thesis also presents how to express negation in spoken languages and in some of the foreign sign languages.
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Prepositions in written Czech of the Czech deafs
Bartošová, Helena ; Macurová, Alena (advisor) ; Šůchová, Lucie (referee)
The main topic of this bachelor work are prepositions in written Czech of Czech Deaf people. In the theoretical part of the work I have tried to define the problem of using correct prepositions in Czech language and I have focused only on the localisation category of prepositions such as a next to, on, above, in front of and between. I have shown (by examples) how Czech language, Czech sign language and Signed czech express the spatial relationships. I have focused on mistakes in using of correct prepositions in written texts of the American Deaf people and the Czech Deaf people and I have noticed that the both groups have significant problems in use of prepositions. Then I have compared czech textbooks for hearing impared pupils and for the foreign learners of Czech language. The practical part of the work brings new information about the situation of written Czech of the hearing impared pupils and could be used as a basic material for closer analysis of this topic and further research. I have worked out two researches whose results you can see in this part of the work also. My informants were pupils of the seventh, eighth and ninth grade of the primary school for the hearing impared in Prague-Radlice. The aim of the first research was to discover, whether the pupils are able to create a gramatically...
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Current problems in neurolinguistics
Stehlíková, Olga ; Macurová, Alena (advisor) ; Nebeská, Iva (referee) ; Hudáková, Andrea (referee)
Neuroliguistics is a young and dynamic subject. It has become one of the fastest developing neuroscience subjects during its 40 year history. It is also probably the most dynamic linguistic discipline. It is quite uneasy to keep track of all (though often partial) important studies in this area because there are approximately 2000 new studies published every year. It is also quite difficult to evaluate and align these studies into a broader development context. The aim of this work is to accomplish this formidable task. It provides a basic insight into the history and current development of the subject with regard to related neuroscience interdisciplinary fields of study. It particularly stresses Czech language, local research environment and theoretical continuity (or better local discontinuity) of the inquiry. This work - as a first more complex publication in the Czech language - should serve as a basic commented overview of neurolinguistic issues. Theoretical knowledge is interconnected with clinical aphasiology field experience (including examples of language-disabled speech) and also general linguistic views of language system. Specific issues described by each subject are mentioned in the chapter introductions. Neurolinguistics is a part of cognitive science (humanities) as well as...
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Category of gender in Czech language used by the Czech deaf
Wagnerová, Jana ; Macurová, Alena (advisor) ; Okrouhlíková, Lenka (referee)
The main topic of the diploma thesis is the problem of nominal gender in written Czech language used by the Czech deaf. At the beginning the author focuses on the contrasts of the nominal gender usage in the Czech language and in the Czech Sign Language. In the Czech Sign Language the gramatical category of the nominal gender does not exist. The author also compares the processing of the nominal gender problems in three types of textbooks: in textbooks of the Czech language for primary schools (for the hearing population), for the deaf and for the foreigners learning the Czech language. The most convenient for the deaf are the books elaborated on the similar principle as the textbooks for the foreigners and the CD-ROMs containing the Czech Sign Language. The next part of the diploma thesis is dedicated to the questionnaires analysis. The questionnaires are focused on the nominal gender knowledge and on the creating of the correct forms of gender endings of the adjectives, pronouns, numerals and verbs in connection with the nouns; some questions were for an informative purpose focused also on inflection. The questionnaires were filled in by hearing informants aged from 11 to 12 and the deaf adult informants. The hearing informants (1,4 % wrong) were more successful in the questionnaires than the deaf (28,9 %...
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Calque of the Czech sign language
Matušková, Stanislava ; Macurová, Alena (referee) ; Vysuček, Petr (advisor)
Prazákladem znakového jazyka neslyšících jsou pnrozená gesta, grimasy či posunky, které doprovázejí lidstvo odjakživa, a to zejména v situacích, kde je nutná komunikace bez možnosti použití hlasu (komunikace na větší vzdálenost, v hlučném prostředí apod.). Znakový jazyk, komunikační systém s vlastní strukturou a bohatou slovní zásobou, se začal vyvíjet v klášterech, kde mlčení bylo řeholí mnichů. Odkud se v 18. století šířil do nově zakládaných ústavů pro hluchoněmé, kde jeho vývoj pokračoval. Od počátku 20. století byl však ve vzdělávání neslyšících kladen důraz na budování orální řeči a pnrozený znakový jazyk neslyšících byl potlačován. Děti byly vyučovány orální metodou - mluveným jazykem. Znakový jazyk se vyvíjel pouze v izolovaných společenstvích neslyšících mluvčích, protože většinou slyšících lidí byl považován za příliš jednoduchý, pro svou primitivnost nedostačující k růstu mentální kapacity dětí, dokonce byl označován jako příčina atrofie vokálních orgánů neslyšících dětí a jejich vyčleňování do "ghett" neslyšících. Potlačování "znakování" bylo zdůvodňováno vysokým procentem slyšících rodičů (cca 95 %) s přáním začlenit své neslyšící děti do slyšící společnosti. Také jazykem učitelů neslyšících byl mluvený národní jazyk, neboť znakový jazyk byl považován za neplnohodnotný, nevhodný a škodlivý....
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Deaf interpreters working in a team
Pešková, Kateřina ; Macurová, Alena (referee) ; Červinková Houšková, Kateřina (advisor)
Bakalářská práce "Neslyšící tlumočníci v pracovním týmu" by měla sloužit jako základní vhled do problematiky týmového tlumočení, kdy jsou členy týmů neslyšící tlumočníci. První, teoretická část, se věnuje druhům týmové spolupráce, základním pravidlům pro sestavování tlumočnických týmů a práci v nich. Dále se zabývá neslyšícími tlumočníky - jaká kritéria by měli splňovat pro výkon této profese a jakým způsobem je pro ně závazný Etický kodex tlumočníka. V neposlední řadě se zde vymezují pravidla pro spolupráci v týmu s neslyšícím tlumočníkem. Praktická část práce obsahuje výčet situací, v nichž je vhodné přizvání neslyšícího tlumočníka a ukazuje přínos neslyšícího tlumočníka pro konkrétní situace. Každý typ tlumočené situace je demonstrován na modelové situaci, která obsahuje schéma rozmístění tlumočníků a popis jejich práce při tlumočení i v přípravné fázi. Závěr práce je věnován stručnému vhledu do situace neslyšících tlumočníků u nás.
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Written Czech of the Czech deaf on internet
Šebková, Helena ; Nebeská, Iva (referee) ; Macurová, Alena (advisor)
Tato diplomová práce se zabývá psanou češtinou českých neslyšících v internetové komunikaci. Ačkoli není první prací, která by se zabývala tématem psané češtiny ve vztahu k neslyšícím lidem, je patrně prvním pokusem o zmapování psané češtiny v jiné než učební či soukromé komunikaci. Internet je bezpochyby velkým zdrojem materiálu pro rúzné výzkumy, z nichž jedním z nejzajímavějších je právě vý~zkum jazyka, jímž se v rámci tohoto média komunikuje. V našem prostředí se tímto tématem zabývala pr·edevším konference Čeština na internetu pořádaná v roce 2005 fakultním a akademickým bohemistickým ústavem Filosofické fakulty Univerzity Karlovy v Praze.1 V oblasti psané češtiny českých neslyšících v internetové komunikaci zatím žádný podobný výzkum proveden nebyl. Domnívám se, že je tomu tak především proto, že výzkum psaného jazyka neslyšících (stejně jako samotný výzkum znakového jazyka neslyšících, v našem případě českého znakového jazyka) stojí teprve na svém počátku. Ve své práci jsem se zaměřila na rozbor internetové komunikace, konkrétně na rozbor diskuzních příspěvkú neslyšících osob v diskuzní sekci internetových stránek www.neslysici.cz.. Před samotn)'ll1 rozborem jsem však považovala za důležité uvést informace ze dvou tematických oblastí, které se v tématu psané češtiny českých neslyšících v internetové...
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The poetry in Czech sign language
Hájková, Zuzana ; Šůchová, Lucie (advisor) ; Macurová, Alena (referee)
The theme of this bachelor's work is analysis of the poetry in czech sign language (ČZJ). It can be useful for linguists who are concerned with czech sign language but also for the general public. This work is supporting the fact that czech sign language is a real language as the spoken language is, because of the evidence of art signing, especially the existence of the poetry in czech sign language. The aim of this bachelor's work is also to overcome the prejudice against czech sign language that are still existing till nowadays. Examples of sign language poetry can be seen on DVD which is attached to this work. The author of this bachelor's work discusses the question of the production the poetry in czech sign language and tries to compare it with the production of spoken language poetry (in its oral and also in the written form); explains the history of czech sign language poetry and the foreign sign language poetry. In this bachelor's work is also a short chapter that concerns of the comparation between the music, poetry and strorytelling. The main part of the work is characteristics of the sign language poetry and its dividing into the general types. As a conclusion, you can see a deep analysis of the two poems - one performed by JAMU (Janáček Academy of Music and Performing Arts in Brno), the second...
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Indirect naming units in Czech Sign Language
Nováková, Radka ; Vaňková, Irena (referee) ; Macurová, Alena (advisor)
This dissertation addresses the Indirect Naming Unit in Czech Sign Language. This area has not been researched systematically in the Czech Republic. There are total of 60 of them being introduced and analyzed in this paper. They are divided into 3 main categories based on how they change the form of the sign. Each sign has a photo documentation showing what the sign looks like in the basic meaning and the metaphorical meaning. Furthermore, for each sign of an Indirect Naming Unit there is a written explanation of its semantic motivation for the metaphorical meaning. In another part of this paper, the metaphorical meanings have been grouped into general categories. These metaphorical meanings were taken from previously collected examples. These examples are translated into written Czech and the sign order, used in the signed sentence, is listed as well. These examples used in Czech Sign Language are shown in videos on DVD, which is a part of this dissertation. The theoretical support for this research work is based on the knowledge of the Indirect Naming Unit in the Czech linguistics. Furthermore, there are introductory notes about Indirect Naming Unit in Czech Sign Language related to the process of creating the Indirect Naming Unit, the process of lexicalization and the categorization based on the...
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Negative transfer from the Czech Sign Language into the written Czech of the Czech deaf people
Ziebikerová, Wanda ; Hudáková, Andrea (referee) ; Macurová, Alena (advisor)
This diploma thesis is dealing with interferences of the Czech Sign Language into the written Czech of the Czech deaf people, especially with the features of the creole languages, which, according to some theories, sign languages bear. The major part of this thesis is dealing with one feature of the creole languages, confusion of the verbs "to be" and "to have". All the features of creole languages were searched in written texts produced by Czech students from the 5th year of public schools for hearing-impaired. The aim of this diploma thesis was to find out, if we can find these features and especially the confusion of the verbs "to be" and "to have" in the written czech in the Czech deaf people, and if so, to describe them. Therefore the thesis is structured in this order: First part of the diploma thesis introduces creole languages and their features in general, following part contains an analysis of written texts, in which were these features looked up (except for the confusion of "to be" and "to have"). To the verbs "to be" and "to have" are dedicated following three parts of this thesis. Since there are very few articles and monographs concerned with these verbs and any articles concerned with the theme of confusion of these verbs, the first part contains necessary analysis of the Czech...
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