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Structuralism and Concept of Discourse in the Work of Paul Ricoeur
Skoumal, Petr ; Borecký, Felix (advisor) ; Marcelli, Miroslav (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on structuralism and concept of discourse in the work of French philosopher Paul Ricoeur. The aim of the thesis is to show Ricoeur's effort to interconnect structuralism and hermeneutics and, after this, to treat how this interconnection works as a general paradigm of human sciences. The point of departure is Ricoeur's revision of Saussurean structural approach which divides language into language system (langue) and speaking (parole). Then, the concept of discourse is grounded and the thesis proceeds to problems of text. By using the concept of discourse for written forms of language (texts), Ricoeur introduces this term to his hermeneutical approach. Its interconnection with structuralism is made possible by circular dialectics of explanation and understanding in which structuralism is shown to be necessary for the hermeneutical knowledge. Ricoeur's hermeneutical thought is also characterised by movement from text to action. Ricoeur finds some parallels between them and between the interpretations of them. By this, he proceeds from hermeneutics of text to hermeneutics of action and presents his conclusions as a general paradigm of human sciences. These are said to have a hermeneutical nature. However, according to Ricoeur, the deep hermeneutical comprehension is...
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Introduction to the conceptual basis of Vratislav Effenberger's thought (Dialectics of the genesis of the concept of idea models)
Svěrák, Šimon ; Hauser, Michael (advisor) ; Novák, Aleš (referee) ; Borecký, Felix (referee)
Dissertation Abstract Introduction to the conceptual basis of Vratislav Effenberger's thought (Dialectics of the genesis of the concept of idea models) Mgr. Šimon Svěrák The thesis introduces a reader to the basic aspects of the theoretical system of Vratislav Effenberger, the main theoretician of post-war Czech surrealism. It does so through the construction of a developmental dialectic of the main concepts of Effenberger's work of the 1960s, which culminates in the concept of so-called idea models. In this period, Effenberger primarily addresses the question of the nature of the existential forms of the concept of total meaning in the post-war social and psychological situation. He formulates his reflections as a critical reassessment of the theoretical legacy of Karl Teige and a question of the possibility of further continuity of the Surrealist worldview. The thesis demonstrates that Effenberger first rejects the notion of ultimate meaning, through which psychosocial reality can be grasped as a meaningful whole, and replaces it with a notion of conflict. However, the internal logic of his theoretical system gradually leads him to the conclusion that human consciousness cannot exist without the idea of ultimate meaning and that such meaning exists only in the form of the idea model. The idea model is...
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The world of Kitsch and possibilities of Eco`s Semiotics of Mass Communication
Sedláková, Anna ; Borecký, Felix (advisor) ; Švantner, Martin (referee)
This diploma thesis explores the phenomenon of kitsch. One of the aims of the thesis is to address significant theories (H. Broch, M. Kundera, P. Rezek and T. Kulka) and to analyze them further in relation to the central concept of Umberto Eco, which defines kitsch as a communication. According to Eco, kitsch is not to be defined solely by the structural qualities of the work, but also by the intention that the author creates and by the means that the work is later perceived by the audience. The focus of this thesis is to be pointed not on the kitsch as a definition of a certain type of object and its aesthetic evaluation, but rather on the attitudes and interpretations that transform objects and thoughts into kitsch. Another aim of the thesis is to mark a possible shift in conception of kitsch in context of the changes brought by the age of new media - the changes that radically change the ways of communication, and the organization of society, too. Such change proposes the use of kitsch both as an emotional and simplifying approach. Kitsch, in its wider conception, becomes a pervasive and actual phenomenon. In addition to the characteristics of new media, the thesis uses the concept of Cyberculture by Pierre Lévy and the Liquid Times theory of Zygmunt Bauman. In its conclusion, the thesis attempts to...
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Film and Painting image of Oneiric Genre - The Problem of Interpretation
Malina, Lukáš ; Borecký, Felix (advisor) ; Charvát, Martin (referee)
The subject of the thesis is a comparative analysis of sign production and the interpretation of the film and painting of oneiric or horror genre focused on Vall Lewton's films and their similarity to the painting in creating an atmosphere of uneasiness and fear. Although these works are based on a sign structure, which is an important key to their interpretation, they are not independent of the different interpretations they allow. On the contrary, it seems that the work's intention is to encourage the viewer to complete the art by projecting his own fear into it. This approach is based on Umberto Eco's and Jan Mukařovský's theory of the interpretation, both of which emphasizing the reader's role in understanding the principle of functioning of the work of art. The concepts of the model author and model reader in Eco's theory and the term semantic gesture within Mukařovský's work are sharing numerous similarities.
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The Role of an Author in a Work of Art Based on Jan Mukařovský Focused on a Film
Lavická, Kristýna ; Borecký, Felix (advisor) ; Michalovič, Peter (referee)
In my thesis, I focus on the role of an author in a work of art, and film in particular, based on Jan Mukařovský. Firstly, I describe Mukařovský's structuralist concept of an art work. Thus, following Ferdinand de Saussure's ideas, he views a work of art as an autonomous sign. At the same time, he uses de Saussure's terms langue and parole. In this text, I explain Mukařovský's terms of an aesthetic function, a norm and a value. I also examine the difference between an individual and a subject of art, and between intentionality and unintentionality. I compare Mukařovský's view of the author with other theorists, namely, Umberto Eco, Roland Barthes and Michael Foucault. Hence, I show historical changes within the concept of the author, and also explain Pierre Levy's cyber-cultural understanding of it. In addition, I discuss other authors, who bring together film arts and the interplay of signs. In particular, I introduce James Monaco and Jerzy Plaževski, and connect their thoughts with ideas of Mukařovský. These authors create a bridge between the concept of a film author and Mukařovský, who does not discuss this authorship in particular. The focus here is on Jaroslav Vančát's theory of a multi-layered film, examining three layers of film with different authors. Focusing on films with actual actors,...
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Structuralism and Concept of Discourse in the Work of Paul Ricoeur
Skoumal, Petr ; Borecký, Felix (advisor) ; Marcelli, Miroslav (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on structuralism and concept of discourse in the work of French philosopher Paul Ricoeur. The aim of the thesis is to show Ricoeur's effort to interconnect structuralism and hermeneutics and, after this, to treat how this interconnection works as a general paradigm of human sciences. The point of departure is Ricoeur's revision of Saussurean structural approach which divides language into language system (langue) and speaking (parole). Then, the concept of discourse is grounded and the thesis proceeds to problems of text. By using the concept of discourse for written forms of language (texts), Ricoeur introduces this term to his hermeneutical approach. Its interconnection with structuralism is made possible by circular dialectics of explanation and understanding in which structuralism is shown to be necessary for the hermeneutical knowledge. Ricoeur's hermeneutical thought is also characterised by movement from text to action. Ricoeur finds some parallels between them and between the interpretations of them. By this, he proceeds from hermeneutics of text to hermeneutics of action and presents his conclusions as a general paradigm of human sciences. These are said to have a hermeneutical nature. However, according to Ricoeur, the deep hermeneutical comprehension is...
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The differences between perception of metonymy in photography and in movies from the perspective of reception aesthetics
Christovová, Tereza ; Fišerová, Michaela (advisor) ; Borecký, Felix (referee)
The diploma work "The differences between perception of metonymy in photography and in movies from the perspective of reception aesthetics" deals with different uses of the figure of speech - metonymy - in visual communication. The metonymy is primarily used as an ornamental device of language expression. It is also distinguishable in purely visual information that is provided in photography and certain film shots. In visual communication, metonymy is also used for embellishing of the visual content or, at least, its correction. This work is focused especially on these examples of the use of metonymy that employ the method of reception aesthetics, which was up to now applied only to literary works. The subjects of interest of the reception aesthetics are so- called places of indeterminacy and the horizon of expectation which is also the focus of this work in addition to its main focus on metonymic expression in movies and photography. The first part of this work deals with the theory of the reception aesthetics and its main exponents. The second part deals with the relationship between the recipients and the media, specifically photography and movie. The last part of this work deals with the theory of rhetorical figures, particularly metonymy and its special form - synecdoche, and it's application...
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Camp Phenomenon and its Manifestation and Forms in Contemporary Popular Music
Hudzíková, Eliška ; Borecký, Felix (advisor) ; Švantner, Martin (referee)
1 ABSTRAKT HUDZÍKOVÁ, Eliška. Camp Phenomenon and its Manifestation and Forms in Contemporary Popular Music. [Magister thesis]. Charles University on Prague. Faculty of Humanities; Department of Electronic Culture and Semiotics. Supervisor: Mgr. Felix Borecký. Professional qualification level: Master's degree. Prague: FHS UK, 2015. This Magister thesis examines the camp phenomenon. Despite the wide scope of the term I will try to come up with a universal definition or several basic definitions which will after serve as a base for my following conclusions. The main source of my thesis is an essay Notes On a Camp written by Susan Sontag. This essay I will apply to contemporary (20th and 21st century) popular music in which I will search for camp signs and campy gestures in the work of independent popular and mainstream artists and performers. The main focus area for this thesis will be primarily visual aspect of their work - costumes, videos, appearance, … The line between campy and not campy is very thin and indefinite, that is why I will try to draw it demonstrating camp signs on chosen samples. I would also try to point out that in contemporary popular culture we consume some forms of camp without being aware that it is actually camp what we consume. KEYWORDS: camp, campy, kitsch, gay culture, popular...
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