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Leaf physiological and optical properties in relation to the Phytophtora × alni infection of black alder (Alnus glutinosa)
Oramová, Viktorie ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Tomášková, Ivana (referee)
A current problem is the infestation of the black alder (Alnus glutinosa) by the pathogen P. × alni, which causes the loss of alder stands and disrupts riparian ecosystems. The spread of the 'phytophthora disease' occurs through water, the host is infected through the root system and the pathogen attacks the conductive tissues. As a result of the disease, the tree gradually loses its root system, lesions appear on the trunk, defoliation occurs and the individual inevitably dies. The only solution to the situation is preventive measures to prevent further spread by careful removal of infected alder trees. The aim of this paper is to discuss the relationship between black alder and P. × alni in the context of the physiological changes that occur in the foliage of the infested individual. Leaf functional traits, chlorophyll fluorescence and optical properties of black alder exposed to P. × alni (inoculation into soil or confirmed occurrence of the pathogen in natural conditions) were measured using non-invasive methods. The results of the chamber experiments suggest that the mean values of the measured parameters do not change significantly in the initial stages of infection, but there is a widening of the variance of the values in infected individuals. We tested whether the genetic origin of the...
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Employment experiences among people with schizophrenia
Nykl, Matěj ; Zábrodská, Kateřina (advisor) ; Šípová, Ivana (referee)
This master's thesis deals with the issue of work experiences and employment of individuals with schizophrenia. Research indicates that engagement in work activities can have a positive impact on the course of the illness, but employment is significantly more challenging for individuals with schizophrenia compared to the general population. Although most individuals with schizophrenia are interested in being employed, only a small proportion of them succeed in the long term. In the Czech context, this is a relatively unexplored issue, therefore there is a lack of knowledge about how people with schizophrenia experience their employment and what difficulties they face. The aim of this master's thesis is to further explore the work experiences of individuals with schizophrenia and to determine what specific factors they perceive as supportive or limiting for their involvement in paid employment. The theoretical part of the thesis is divided into two main chapters, with the first one focusing on schizophrenia itself including its symptoms, prognosis, diagnosis, and the impacts of stigma. The subject of the second chapter is the possibilities of employment for individuals with schizophrenia, particularly the benefits associated with work, support mechanisms for this group, and their needs. The...
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Development of sensitive determination of diclofenac using fluorescent properties of complexes with cyclodextrins
Pekařová, Ivana ; Sklenářová, Hana (advisor) ; Chocholouš, Petr (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of analytical chemistry Candidate: Ivana Pekařová Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Hana Sklenářová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Development of sensitive determination of diclofenac using fluorescent properties of complexes with cyclodextrins This experimental thesis deals with the development of a sensitive determination using the formation and detection of a complex consisting of an active substance and cyclodextrin (CD) using sequential injection analysis (SIA). A spectrofluorometer was used for subsequent detection. The tested biologically active substance was diclofenac in the form of sodium salt. In the beginning the conditions for setting the spectrofluorometer, namely the appropriate excitation and emission wavelengths, which were 364,5 and 290 nm, slit size and detection sensitivity were found. After that, 13 CDs were used in order to find the appropriate type and ratio of CD with diclofenac so that the measured fluorescence intensity differs from the intensity of CD alone. This testing divided the CDs into 4 groups. When testing the stability of selected complexes, the increase or decrease in fluorescence intensity over time was monitored to ensure the formation of complexes with CD. SIA was used to automate the determination,...
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The impact of team autonomy, reflexivity and participation on employees' mental health
Mandousová, Michaela ; Šípová, Ivana (advisor) ; Mudrák, Jiří (referee)
Mental health is an important topic in the context of the work environment. Therefore, the thesis examines the impact of team autonomy, reflexivity, and participation on employees' mental health. The theoretical part focuses on the topic of mental health, the JD-R model, burnout syndrome, engagement, and team factors with a focus on autonomy, reflexivity, and participation. The empirical part aims to test whether team autonomy, reflexivity, and participation together with burnout syndrome score or work engagement are significant predictors of burnout syndrome and engagement measured one year apart. The data used to test the stated hypotheses were obtained within the framework of the international H-WORK project, which conducted a field-based longitudinal study. The project was initiated in response to growing mental health problems in the working population in Europe. This paper uses data from two companies that underwent restructuring during the project. Because of this, there was a large drop out. The data in the research part, which was subjected to linear regression analysis, was collected from 59 respondents. The results did not support the stated hypotheses. This result may be influenced by several factors, such as the high experimental mortality already mentioned. Key words: mental health;...
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Study of interactions of betrixaban with antiretrovirals in an intestinal barrier model
Lukáčová, Ivana ; Vokřál, Ivan (advisor) ; Červený, Lukáš (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Ivana Lukáčová Supervisor: PharmDr. Vokřál Ivan, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Study of interactions of betrixaban with antiretrovirals in an intestinal barrier model Oral administration of drugs is a practical and simple choice for the patient, which ensures high adherence to the treatment, and thanks to that, it is the most frequently used dosage form. The vast majority of these drugs penetrate intestinal barrier after oral administration, and many clinically significant drug interactions can occur right in this place. Several determinants, including membrane transport systems, have an impact on whether or not the effect is manifested. The most observed and studied transporter from the superfamily of ABC transporters in the small intestine is undoubtedly P-glycoprotein (P-gp). It functions as an efflux pump preventing the transfer of xenobiotics, including drugs, into the systemic circulation, thereby protecting the organism and thus creating a barrier against the possible toxic effect of substances. The direct-acting anticoagulant betrixaban is a substrate of P-gp in the intestinal barrier, and therefore simultaneous administration with drugs inhibiting or inducing this transporter can...
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Effect of M1043 on the expression of inflammatory markers in a mouse model of NASH - immunohistochemical analysis
Hušková, Eliška ; Němečková, Ivana (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department: Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Study program: Laboratory diagnostics in healthcare Author: Eliska Huskova Supervisor: RNDr. Ivana Nemeckova, Ph.D. Title of thesis: The impact of M1043 on the expression of inflammatory markers in a mouse model of NASH - immunohistochemical analysis Introduction and aim of the study: The liver is an organ with many important functions in the body, such as detoxification and regulation of lipid metabolism. Impairment of these processes can lead to NASH, a disease associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome, characterized by inflammation and accumulation of fat droplets in the liver. Studies focused on NASH are important for understanding the pathophysiology and developing new therapeutic strategies. The use of mouse models allows the investigation of pathogenesis and testing of different therapeutic approaches. This study examines the effect of the anti-endoglin antibody M1043 on the expression of inflammatory markers in a mouse model of NASH. Methodology: Mice were fed a diet inducing NASH and divided into two groups, one receiving rat IgG antibody and the other one, receiving the anti-endoglin antibody M1043. The livers were collected and processed using immunohistochemical...
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Fertility during the covid-19 pandemic with a focus on Czechia
Račáková, Ivana ; Šťastná, Anna (advisor) ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee)
Fertility during the covid-19 pandemic with a focus on Czechia Abstract The aim of the thesis is to characterize the fertility change that occurred in Czechia during the health and economic crisis related to the covid-19 pandemic between 2020-2022. The analytical part is based on a discussion of theoretical assumptions and previous international studies focusing on fertility during the covid-19 pandemic. The paper is based on the following main data sources: demographic data on the number of births and fertility levels in annual and monthly detail (unique Short-Term Fertility Fluctuations database within the Human Fertility Database) and the GGP-Contemporary Czech Family Sample Survey, which was conducted in Czechia during the covid-19 pandemic and examined, among others, reproductive plans. The paper also shows how monthly fertility fluctuations during the covid-19 pandemic projected into total fertility and which groups of women were more prone to fertility changes (by age, legitimacy and parity). The results suggest a positive effect of the first wave of the covid-19 pandemic on fertility in Czechia. However, fertility has been declining below pre-pandemic levels for a long time since early 2022. Reproductive behaviour was analysed using statistical methods of contingency tables and logistic regression....
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