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Interim measures in industrial rights matters
Marešová, Markéta ; Sedláček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Střeleček, Tomáš (referee)
Interim measures in industrial rights matters Abstract The topic of this rigorous thesis is interim measures in industrial rights matters. Interim measures represents a procedural institution which contributes to the effective enforcement of industrial rights. The rigorous thesis provides a comprehensive overview of the legal regulation of interim measures, its assessment, in particular with regard to its constitutional conformity, and the identification of problems in application practice, focusing on the specific area of industrial property. The thesis is divided into six systematically organized parts. The first part brings a historical excursion back to the 18th century, where the origins of today's interim measures can be found, leading up to the significant amendments that have been made up to the present day, and the possible future of the code of civil procedure is also mentioned. The second part of the thesis already deals with the current legal regulation of interim measures, where the concept, essence and purpose of interim measures are defined in particular. In the third part of the thesis, the legal regulation in the field of enforcement of industrial rights is presented, individual industrial rights are defined and their relationship with unfair competition is also outlined, because in...
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The influence of LDL-apheresis on aggregation of blood platelets, blood coagulation, and the effect of standard drugs.
Černotová, Veronika ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor) ; Čečková, Martina (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Veronika Černotová Supervisor: prof. Přemysl Mladěnka, PharmD., Ph.D. Consultant: Lukáš Konečný, MSc. Title of diploma thesis: The influence of LDL-apheresis on aggregation of blood platelets, blood coagulation and the effect of standard drugs LDL-apheresis is a method that removes LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) from the blood. It is used to treat familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), a genetic disorder causing high LDL-C levels and an early development of cardiovascular diseases. Blood platelets and coagulation system play an important role in these diseases and their activity is also affected by lipids. The aim of this thesis was to analyze possible differences in platelet aggregation and blood coagulation in patients suffering from FH. Two methods of treatment in this group were compared - lipid apheresis and PCSK9Ab (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 monoclonal antibodies). The observed parameters were also compared with age-matched healthy volunteers. Our cohort consisted of 15 patients and 15 healthy donors. Six patients were treated with lipid apheresis and also PCSK9Ab, six subjects only with PCSK9Ab. Platelet aggregation was measured with an impedance aggregometer using 7 different...
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Study of expression of biotransformation enzymes and transport proteins in kidneys
Felešová, Martina ; Smutná, Lucie (advisor) ; Kuchařová, Monika (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Student: Martina Felešová Supervisor: PharmDr. Lucie Smutná, PhD. Title of diploma thesis: Study of expression of biotransformation enzymes and transport proteins in kidneys Xenobiotics are a part of the everyday life of living organisms. Their source is, among other things, diet, environment, administered medicines, food colorings and others. The living organisms have developed complex metabolic processes that eliminate these substances from the body in order to protect themselves against their negative influence. Within this work, we specifically focused on the effect of the murine Car agonist - TCPOBOP on influencing the expression of biotransformation and transport genes. The essence was the isolation of mRNA from the murine kidneys using the classic phenol-chloroform method, followed by the transcription of mRNA into cDNA. In the last step, the RT-PCR reaction was performed. The results are graphs showing how the administration of TCPOBOP affected the expression of the monitored genes. It is clear from these graphs that TCPOBOP has some effect on the expression of target genes. In the case of Cyp3a11, Cyp2b10, Slc22a2 and Ugt3a2, there was a several-fold increase in expression after...
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Legal status of parents in adoption
Vampolová, Gabriela ; Frinta, Ondřej (advisor) ; Lederer, Vít (referee)
Legal status of parents in adoption Abstract The goal of this diploma thesis is the analysis of the Czech legal regulation of the position of the parent during an adoption. According to Act No. 89/2012 Coll., of the the Civil Code, essence of the adoption is primarily a status change in the legal status of the parent and child, which consists in the termination of family relationships, including obligations and rights to the adoptee's original family. The consequence of adoption is the termination of the relationship between parent and child, which is considered for the basic status relationship of family law. However, the termination of family relations will not occur in the case of adoption of an adult, which is not similar to the adoption of a underage. The first part of the thesis is briefly devoted to the concept of family, it reflects on its importance and a possible definition of this concept. The second part deals with parenthood in the legal sense, the purpose of this part is to determine to who can be considered as a parent in accordance with Czech legislation, to whom the parental duties and rights testify, and mainly who create the basic status relationship of parent and child. Within this part, the legal regulation of maternity and paternity is discussed separately. Regarding the legal...
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The role of drug transporters in activation of pregnane X receptor
Kejvalová, Kateřina ; Smutná, Lucie (advisor) ; Pourová, Jana (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Student: Kateřina Kejvalová Supervisor: PharmDr. Lucie Smutná, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: The role of drug transporters in activation of pregnane X receptor The nuclear pregnane X receptor (PXR) is involved in maintaining the homeostasis of endogenous substances as well as in regulation of excretion of exogenous substances. PXR activation regulates the expression of transport and biotransformation enzymes I. and II. phase. Due to the high flexibility of PXR ligand binding domain, it can be activated by a wide range of xenobiotics. Including e.g., rifampicin, well-known PXR agonist causes clinically significant drug-drug interactions. However, rifampicin is not stable under physiological conditions and degradation occurs (into rifampicin quinone, 25-desacetylrifampicin, 3-formylrifamycin SV and rifampicin N-oxide). The aim of our experiments was to compare the interspecies activation of PXR (human, monkey, mouse and rat) by rifampicin and its derivatives. Hence, gene reporter experiments were performed using the HepG2 cell line. Statistically significant results in PXR activation were observed for human hPXR and monkey oPXR for all rifampicin derivatives except 25- desacetylrifampicin. Similarity...
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Effect of endoglin blockage on inflammation-induced endothelial dysfunction in human aortic endothelial cells
Škubová, Andrea ; Tripská, Katarína (advisor) ; Svobodová, Zuzana (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Title of Diploma Thesis: Effect of endoglin blockage on inflammation-induced endothelial dysfunction in human aortic endothelial cells Author: Andrea Škubová Supervisor of Diploma Thesis: PharmDr. Katarína Tripská, Ph.D. Aim: The aim of this thesis was to describe the effect of TNF-α and LPS-induced inflammation on the expression of endoglin and its transcription factors, the expression of biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction, the levels of soluble endoglin, and the adhesion and transmigration of monocytes through human aortic endothelial cells. We further investigated the effect of endoglin blockage by the monoclonal antibody TRC105 (carotuximab) on these processes. Methods: In this thesis, human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) were used, and they were exposed for 16 hours to TNF-α (10 ng/ml) and LPS (100 ng/ml) and for 12 hours to TRC105 (300 µg/ml). The mRNA expression of endoglin and its transcription factors (KLF6, RelA, NR1H3), mRNA expression of inflammatory adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, SELE) and mRNA expression of MMP-14 enzyme were measured by real time qRT-PCR. Using flow cytometry, we detected protein levels of endoglin, protein levels of inflammatory adhesion molecules...
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Religious Communities and Art. 9 of the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms in the context of the work of chosen Council of Europe bodies
Crnčević, Filip ; Tymofeyeva, Alla (referee)
The diploma thesis focuses on how the European Court of Human Rights (hereinafter as "ECtHR") and the European Commission for Democracy through Law (hereinafter as "Venice Commission") influence chosen aspects of the religious freedom. The objectives of this thesis are to examine how the work of ECtHR and Venice Commission has formulated legal interpretation of the issue of the legal personality of religious communities, to typify disputes between states and religious communities and to compare the approaches of the Venice Commission and ECtHR to selected aspects. Besides the Introduction and Conclusion parts the diploma thesis is divided into five chapters, which are further divided into subchapters or parts thereof. In the first chapter, I discuss generally the issue of religious freedom and the autonomy of religious communities. I also introduce the ECtHR and the Venice Commission as for this thesis relevant Council of Europe bodies. The second chapter is devoted to the case study which is focused on the case law of the ECtHR in Greek cases where I discuss the judgments of the ECtHR which in, my opinion, are key cases for the thesis's subject. Subject of the third chapter is the Venice Commission. In this chapter, I will introduce how the Venice Commission works and what is its outputs' nature....
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Firearms and ammunitional legal regulation from the perspective of the law of the European Union
Jandásek, Vlastimil ; Staša, Josef (advisor) ; Sharp, Vladimír (referee)
Thesis title: Firearms and ammunition legal regulation from the perspective of the law of the European Union The thesis deals with the legal regulation on firearms and ammunition in the Czech Republic with an emphasis on the new legislation as a result of adoption of the relevant European Union legal framework. The individual principles and legal concepts related to firearms and ammunition are analyzed, the relevant European directive approach is illustrated and novelties, modifications, restrictions as well as mitigations incorporated by the new European legislation are highlighted there. The thesis focuses on civilian acquisition, possession and carrying of firearms from the administrative law point of view. In the first chapter the basic definitions and concepts are defined. The second chapter is dedicated to the European legal regulation, its history and the legal basis on which it now stands. The third chapter deals with the current system of firearms in the Czech Republic. The fourth chapter deals with the effects of the European legal regulation on the legal framework in the Czech Republic and critically evaluates individual partial changes. The fifth chapter deals with the new legal draft. Although it preserves the key conceptual elements of the existing regulation, it can be characterized...
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Vasodilatory effects of 4-methyl catechol: ex vivo mechanism of action
Kuzdřalová, Kateřina ; Pourová, Jana (advisor) ; Smutná, Lucie (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Student: Kateřina Kuzdřalová Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Jana Pourová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: The mechanism of vasodilation effect of 4-methylcatechol ex vivo Keywords: rat, aorta, flavonoids, 4-methylcatechol, vascular smooth muscle, vasodilation Flavonoids belong to the group of polyphenolic bioactive substances found abundantly in plants, fruits and vegetables. Thanks to their pharmacological and biochemical effects, they play a crucial role for human health, especially in the prevention of numerous diseases - metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis, atherosclerosis and also diseases of a cardiovascular system. The aim of the diploma thesis was to determine the mechanism of the vasorelaxant effect of one of the most important metabolites of flavonoids - 4-methylcatechol. For the research we used a standardized ex vivo method on isolated Wistar rat aortic rings. We were able to confirm the vasodilatory effects of 4-methylcatechol. We also confirmed the fact that the flavonoid metabolite directly affects a vascular smooth muscle. Furthermore, we found that the tested compound potentiates the vasodilatory activity of sodium nitroprusside and forskolin, and that vasodilation depends on the activity of...
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Study on interactions of selected targeted drugs with ABC drug transporters
Svobodová, Markéta ; Hofman, Jakub (advisor) ; Čečková, Martina (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Markéta Svobodová Supervisor: doc. RNDr. Jakub Hofman, Ph.D. Title od diploma thesis: Study on interactions of selected targeted drugs with ABC drug transporters Cancer is one of the most common causes of death and its incidence is constantly increasing. Treatment mainly includes a combination of drug therapy, surgery and radiotherapy. A new approach, with huge potential, is the use of targeted anti-tumor therapy. This approach is based on specific interaction with tumor cells that reduces the negative effects occuring in conventional chemotherapy. Despite intensive research, we still face insufficient response to treatment. The main cause of therapy failure is the emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) and the formation of metastases. The MDR phenomenon is most often associated with the overexpression of ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters. These are responsible not only for the excessive efflux of anticancer drugs from cells, but also mainly affect their pharmacokinetics. Inhibition of these transporters increases the intracellular concentration of the cytostatic and provide the ability to modulate MDR. Therefore, one of the aims of this work was to investigate the inhibitory activity of...
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