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Extension Properties of Graphs and Structures
Klavík, Pavel ; Nešetřil, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Širáň, Jozef (referee) ; Hell, Pavol (referee)
Extension Properties of Graphs and Structures Pavel Klavík The main motivation for graph drawing and geometric representations is finding ways to visualize graphs efficiently to make their structure as understandable as possible. In this thesis, we are concerned with structural properties which are implied for graphs having certain geometric representations. We study two types of geometric representations: inter- section representations in which the vertices are represented by geometric sets while the edges are encoded by their intersections, and planar embeddings of planar graphs which are drawing of graphs into the plane without crossing edges. The existence of geometric representations can be used to deduce additional information about graphs. The main idea of this thesis is to ask what extra information can be deduced from the structure of all possible geometric representations. In Part I, we study the partial representation extension problems for intersection rep- resentations. Aside from the graph, the input also gives a partial representation, which prescribes a representation of an induced subgraph. We ask whether this partial repre- sentation can be extended to a full representation of the input graph without altering the predrawn sets. I introduced this problem in 2010 in my Bachelor's thesis. We...
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Non state justice systems & pluralism of law
Ivančo, Alex ; Kühn, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Maršálek, Pavel (referee) ; Holländer, Pavol (referee)
The theme of this thesis is the assessment of the prerequisites for the pluralism of law and non-state justice systems to improve the possibilities of solving disputes in society. The main research question is whether non-state justice systems fulfil a social role in providing justice. The thesis should offer a descriptive analysis of the concept of legal pluralism and methodological procedures for the inclusion of non-state justice systems in the state. The outcome of the work should be an overview of the possibilities of interaction between different legal systems, whether formal or customary, of the different ways of resolving disputes in this environment, and of the contribution of such proposals to the reform of the legal environment that count on the real situation in society. The thesis of procedural pluralism and participatory methods of solving disputes that have a user, a citizen in the center of these systems is offered as a starting point for new designs. The final part of the work will therefore explore current approaches to improving legal systems that aim to increase participation of user based on their needs, and will include some cases for comparing individual programs to improve legal systems.
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Properties of Sobolev Mappings
Roskovec, Tomáš ; Hencl, Stanislav (advisor) ; Björn, Anders (referee) ; Zürcher, Thomas (referee)
We study the properties of Sobolev functions and mappings, especially we study the violation of some properties. In the first part we study the Sobolev Embedding Theorem that guarantees W1,p (Ω) ⊂ Lp∗ (Ω) for some parameter p∗ (p, n, Ω). We show that for a general domain this relation does not have to be smooth as a function of p and not even continuous and we give the example of the domain in question. In the second part we study the Cesari's counterexample of the continuous mapping in W1,n ([−1, 1]n , Rn ) violating Lusin (N) condition. We show that this example can be constructed as a gradient mapping. In the third part we generalize the Cesari's counterexample and Ponomarev's counte- rexample for the higher derivative Sobolev spaces Wk,p (Ω, Rn ) and characterize the validity of the Lusin (N) condition in dependence on the parameters k and p and dimension. 1
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Neural Network Based Named Entity Recognition
Straková, Jana ; Hajič, Jan (advisor) ; Černocký, Jan (referee) ; Konopík, Miloslav (referee)
Title: Neural Network Based Named Entity Recognition Author: Jana Straková Institute: Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics Supervisor of the doctoral thesis: prof. RNDr. Jan Hajič, Dr., Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics Abstract: Czech named entity recognition (the task of automatic identification and classification of proper names in text, such as names of people, locations and organizations) has become a well-established field since the publication of the Czech Named Entity Corpus (CNEC). This doctoral thesis presents the author's research of named entity recognition, mainly in the Czech language. It presents work and research carried out during CNEC publication and its evaluation. It fur- ther envelops the author's research results, which improved Czech state-of-the-art results in named entity recognition in recent years, with special focus on artificial neural network based solutions. Starting with a simple feed-forward neural net- work with softmax output layer, with a standard set of classification features for the task, the thesis presents methodology and results, which were later used in open-source software solution for named entity recognition, NameTag. The thesis finalizes with a recurrent neural network based recognizer with word embeddings and character-level word embeddings,...
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Adjoint-Driven Importance Sampling in Light Transport Simulation
Vorba, Jiří ; Křivánek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Keller, Alexander (referee) ; Wann Jensen, Henrik (referee)
Title: Adjoint-Driven Importance Sampling in Light Transport Simulation Author: RNDr. Jiří Vorba Department: Department of Software and Computer Science Education Supervisor: doc. Ing. Jaroslav Křivánek, Ph.D., Department of Software and Computer Science Education Abstract: Monte Carlo light transport simulation has recently been adopted by the movie industry as a standard tool for producing photo realistic imagery. As the industry pushes current technologies to the very edge of their possibilities, the unprecedented complexity of rendered scenes has underlined a fundamental weakness of MC light transport simulation: slow convergence in the presence of indirect illumination. The culprit of this poor behaviour is that the sam- pling schemes used in the state-of-the-art MC transport algorithms usually do not adapt to the conditions of rendered scenes. We base our work on the ob- servation that the vast amount of samples needed by these algorithms forms an abundant source of information that can be used to derive superior sampling strategies, tailored for a given scene. In the first part of this thesis, we adapt general machine learning techniques to train directional distributions for biasing scattering directions of camera paths towards incident illumination (radiance). Our approach allows progressive...
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Evolution of sex chromosomes and karyotypes in iguanas (Squamata: Pleurodonta)
Altmanová, Marie ; Kratochvíl, Lukáš (advisor) ; Kejnovský, Eduard (referee) ; Zrzavá, Magda (referee)
Evolution of sex chromosomes and karyotypes in iguanas (Squamata: Pleurodonta) PhD Thesis Marie Altmanová Abstract This PhD thesis is composed of five published articles and one manuscript, and is focused on the evolution of the sex chromosomes and karyotype of the iguanas (Pleurodonta). Based on our primary research of available data, only male heterogamety (XX/XY) with ancestral karyotype 2n = 36 chromosomes was recorded in iguanas. However, in many species sex chromosomes have not been uncovered by classical cytogenetics, probably due to their homomorphy. The partially-known X chromosome content of Anolis carolinensis allowed us to compare the relative gene doses of X-specific genes between male and female of representatives of all iguana families, and to reveal homologous and well-differentiated sex chromosomes across all iguanas, with the exception of basilisks. Thus, due to the comparable age with sex chromosomes of mammals and birds, the results put into question the importance of endothermy for the formation of stable sex chromosomes. The striking feature of the iguanas is the relatively frequent occurrence of multiple sex chromosomes in their karyotypes. Using the ancestral state analysis of the type of sex chromosomes, it has been found that these multiple sex chromosomes developed at least twelve...
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Hormonal control of sexually dimorphic traits in lizards
Schořálková, Tereza ; Kratochvíl, Lukáš (advisor) ; Reichard, Martin (referee) ; Frynta, Daniel (referee)
This Ph.D. thesis is fosuced on hormonal control of sexual dimorphism in lizards and is composed of four contributions. Sex steroid hormones are important for development and regulation of sexual dimorphism in reptiles, but particular traits are controlled by different endogenous mechanisms. Male sexual behaviour of the gecko E. macularius is controlled by testosterone and can be successfully induced in females, only the onset and cessation of the behaviour take longer than in males. The onset and cessation of particular traits are not immediate for both sexes, and this time component has to be taken into account in future experiments using hormonal manipulations. In other species of the gecko, P. picta, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone stimulates the expression of male sexual behaviour in females as well. Male offensive aggression occurs only in testosterone-treated females, probably due to its conversion to biologically active estradiol in the brain, testosterone thus stimulates offensive behaviour probably only indirectly. Both androgens also stimulate the growth of the male copulatory organs, hemipenes, in females, but in different way than the size of penis in male mammals. Sexual behaviour of both gecko species is associated with sex recognition, which is allowed by androgen-triggered cues in...
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Room-temperature semiconducting detectors
Pekárek, Jakub ; Belas, Eduard (advisor) ; Oswald, Jiří (referee) ; Štekl, Ivan (referee)
Semiconducting material CdTe/CdZnTe has a huge application potential in spectroscopic room temperature radiation detection due to its properties. Such detectors can be used in medical applications, homeland security and for monitoring of nuclear facilities. However, the final device quality is influenced by many parameters. One crucial stage in detector fabrication is the proper surface treatment. The detailed study of surface treatments and their effect on final detector device is reported. Another crucial fact is the polarization of the detector caused by high radiation fluxes which negatively affects the use of such devices. The polarization occurs by capturing the photogenerated holes at the deep levels inside the semiconductor. The possible detector depolarization by infrared illumination during the detector operation has been experimentally verified and the obtained results are shown in this thesis. For optimal technology of preparation, it is also necessary to develop the fast characterization method for prepared detectors. The last aim of the thesis is to study the resulting quality of prepared planar and co-planar detectors by transient-current-technique (TCT). TCT is an electro-optical method allowing to determine variety of transport properties of radiation detectors, such as internal electric...
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Relationship between male facial morphology and assessments of fighting ability
Třebický, Vít ; Havlíček, Jan (advisor) ; Stirratt, Michael (referee) ; Blažek, Vladimír (referee)
Social interactions may sometimes collide and result in conflicts which can be solved among others by means of physical violence. However, physical confrontations entail a risk of injuries and other fitness-affecting consequences. Thus, it seems likely that cognitive and behavioural processes to assess the fighting ability may have evolved by means of natural selection. This would facilitate adaptive decisions and responses to decrease costs and increase benefits from potential confrontations. Behavioural characteristics are often assessed according to physical traits such as facial appearance. People are relatively accurate in attributions of certain characteristics from facial traits, like physical strength or propensity for aggression. However, previous research was not based on data about actual fighting ability. Therefore, we conducted a series of empirical studies testing perception of formidability, accuracy of the perception and attempted to identify facial morphological traits related to the assessments and actual fighting performance. To test these issues, we employed Mixed Martial Arts contestants and used their record of victories and defeats. The results of our first study revealed that people are indeed able to relatively accurately assess the fighting ability of others. The fighting...
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Perception of individual variation in body odour in human adults
Fialová, Jitka ; Havlíček, Jan (advisor) ; Schaal, Benoist (referee) ; Stopka, Pavel (referee)
The thesis consists of two parts. The first part introduces the topic of human chemical communication and reviews current evidence on individual variation in human body odour and its perception. This part is framed by sexual selection theory. In the first chapter, the concept of the theory of communication is introduced followed by a discussion on the specifics of chemical communication. Next, the formation of individually specific body odour signatures with reference to skin glands, their volatile products and the subsequent metabolization by skin microflora is described. The next chapters are dedicated to selected interindividual body odour cues such as sex and kin recognition, genetic compatibility in genes of Major Histocompatibility Complex, and health and reproductive status in a mate choice context. Furthermore, interactions between perfumes and body odours are discussed. Finally, methods of body odour sampling are introduced and a rationale behind presenting individual samples or body odour blends is discussed. The second part is comprised of six scientific papers, specifically three reviews and three empirical studies. Review papers summarize factors affecting human body odour quality with emphasis on diet and affective states. The first text shows that human body odours contain cues to...
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