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Nursing Care in Patients with MRSA
Zajacová, Aneta ; Trojánek, Milan (advisor) ; Jirkovský, Daniel (referee)
The bachelor thesis "Nursing Care in Patients with MRSA" deals with the issue of barrier regimen in the context primarily with golden staphylococcus infection. The aim is to assess the attitudes of nursing staff about nursing care in patients with MRSA, analyze the adherence to contact precautions in the clinical practice and to identify the factors associated with potential non-adherence. The theoretical part of the thesis serves as an introduction to the topic, while the empirical part contains the results of the actual investigation and serves to explore the above objectives. The research method was a self-constructed questionnaire with 33 questions, which was distrubuted among the nursing staff in the surgical and internal inpatient wards of the adult part of Motol University Hospital. Responses from 67 respondents were included and the obtained data were statistically processed. The survey resulted in the following findings: Only 13 respondents (19 %) say that everyone on their ward always adheres to barrier measures. The most common situation where barrier measures are not adhered to is 'acute patient condition' with 27 respondents (40 %) and 'at night' with 12 respondents from the standard ward and only 1 from the ICU. The motivation for more consistent adherence to barrier measures is fear...
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The importance of polyploidization in the evolution of grasses of the tribe Triticeae
Papoušek, Lukáš ; Urfus, Tomáš (advisor) ; Chrtek, Jindřich (referee)
Polyploidization, as a process of chromosome set multiplication, represents one of the most significant forces that shaped the evolution of angiosperms. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of polyploidization is also important. It most often originates through unreduced gametes (less so through somatic polyploidization). Autopolyploids are the result of polyploidization within one species, or population, while the formation of allopolyploids is preceded by interspecific hybridization. Polyploidization also played a major role in the tribe Triticeae (Poaceae), which includes economically significant crops (wheat, rye, and barley). The taxonomy ofthe entire tribe, especially the generic concept, has been based on genomic concepts in recent decades. However, taxonomy is considerably complicated, particularly due to hybridization, or allopolyploidization. The result of allopolyploidization and even hybridization itself is a reticulate pattern, and it is not at all easy to determine the boundaries between taxa, even at the generic level. Triticum aestivum can be considered a model species for the study of allopolyploidy, both due to its economic significance and its origin through several rounds of hybridization events. Although allopolyploidy prevails, autopolyploidy can be encountered to a lesser...
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Perception of strategies for working with general-reference map among students of various ages
Poldová, Viktorie ; Trokšiar, David (advisor) ; Machová, Daniela (referee)
The main topic of this thesis are strategies used while working with a map and their perception by students of different ages. A general-reference map, which students often interact with in geography lessons, was chosen for the research. 92 students in grades 6 and 9 and in the final year of secondary school participated in an experiment involving an achievement test and a follow-up questionnaire to explore perceived strategies. The eye-tracking camera used during the test allowed to obtain real strategies. The perceived strategies were qualitatively and quantitatively processed and explored in terms of four dimensions, i.e. repertoire, distribution, adaptability and efficiency. The results showed a wide repertoire of perceived strategies and the most frequently reported types of strategies. The largest repertoire was found among final year secondary school students, while the smallest repertoire was found among 6th grade students. Based on the distribution of strategy types in the tasks and the use of the necessary elements in the mentioned strategy, final year secondary school students showed the highest ability to adapt their perceived strategies, while 6th grade students showed the lowest. The ideal fastest and most accurate strategies were determined for the efficiency evaluation. Despite the...
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Use of physiotherapy techniques in the treatment of endometriosis
Bártová, Lenka ; Fabičovic, Klaudia (advisor) ; Aujezdská, Eva (referee)
OF BACHELOR THESIS Author: Lenka Bártová Supervisor: Mgr. Klaudia Fabičovic Title: Use of physiotherapy techniques in the treatment of endometriosis Abstract: This theoretical research bachelor thesis deals with the issue of women with endometriosis. It is a chronic inflammatory estrogen-dependent disease associated with a variety of clinical manifestations, the most common of which are pain and fertility disorders. The treatment of this disease is rather symptomatic and does not always provide the desired effect. Physiotherapy can be used both in perioperative care and as a complementary treatment method aimed at improving the quality of life and influencing some painful symptoms. The aim of the bachelor thesis is to create a comprehensive overview of endometriosis focusing on its origin, clinical manifestations, and treatment options including physiotherapy. Another goal is to conduct a systematic review of clinical studies examining various physiotherapeutic techniques in the treatment of endometriosis and determine their therapeutic effect. For the special section, 20 studies focusing on the impact of kinesiotherapy, manual techniques, and physical therapy were selected. Clinical studies were divided into five categories according to the type of intervention used. The most commonly studied is...
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Ovarian stimulation and related hyperstimulation syndrome
Pohlová, Nikola ; Komrsková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Ješeta, Michal (referee)
Ovarian stimulation is a key process of assisted reproduction and it helps women in the treatment of infertility. Hormonal ovarian stimulation ensures the growth and development of ovarian follicles. The selected dominant follicle releases an oocyte during ovulation, which is destined for fertilization. In methods of artificial fertilization, multiple follicles are stimulated, and more oocytes are retrieved. The retrieved oocytes are then fertilised in vitro. In this thesis, the benefits and risks of the commonly used stimulation protocols are discussed. The focus is on optimizing stimulation for individual patients, considering their health status, functional ovarian reserve, and individual needs. Special stimulation protocols for patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and for patients with cancer are presented. Ovarian stimulation is also applied to oocyte donors. The most serious risk of ovarian stimulation is ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Ovarian stimulation is also used in the rescue of endangered mammalian species or in the breeding of domesticated animals. The study of ovarian stimulation is important for the improvement of reproductive methods in human and veterinary medicine. Key words: follicles, ovarian stimulation, assisted reproduction, ovulation, risks
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The life quality of person continuously caring for a sick related
Bálková, Klára ; Nikodemová, Hana (advisor) ; Jirkovský, Daniel (referee)
The topic of the bachelor thesis was a probe into the quality of life of people caring for a loved one with a long-term illness. The first part contains an overview of the development of the construct of quality of life in a historical context from the literature, with an emphasis on its multidisciplinary definition in the social sciences, medicine and nursing. The second part describes the processing of data from caregivers on the basis of my own questionnaire aimed at estimating quality of life, with the intention not only to verify its parameters, but to obtain pilot data on the subjective perception of the situation in a sample of long-term caregivers. A psychological resilience questionnaire was also administered during the session. Data collection was conducted face-to-face with respondents using the snowball method during December 2023. The data obtained from 114 individuals (41 males, 73 females), mean age M = 56.6, SD = 25.45, were processed both in terms of frequency of responses, relationships between variables and by multiple linear regression analysis. The intention was to find out how caregivers evaluate their own quality of life and what they are most concerned about in caring for a loved one. Last but not least, to identify the areas in which caregivers most often lack professional...
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Brown adipose tissue and its positive effects
Máchová, Magdaléna ; Horníková, Daniela (advisor) ; Haasová, Eliška (referee)
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a specialized type of adipose tissue that plays an important role in non-shivering thermogenesis which is induced most often after cold acclimation. However, many studies have also highlighted the role of BAT in influencing the cardiovascular system and thus obesity, diabetes mellitus type 2, atherosclerosis, and insulin resistance. BAT has a protective effect against oxidative stress and recent studies suggest that it also has a potential therapeutic relevance for the treatment of cancer and osteoporosis, while it may also play a role in the body's immunomodulatory effects. Key words: brown adipose tissue, non-shivering thermogenesis, cold acclimation, β-adrenergic receptors, therapeutic potential
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Fire Ecology of Temperate Forest Ecosystems of Northern Hemisphere
Scalabroni, Jane ; Adámek, Martin (advisor) ; Novák, Jan (referee)
Forest fires differ in their nature and in the way they influence vegetation. Some of these factors include abiotic conditions that stem from geographic location and local specifics of the individual stands. Local vegetation can, among others, affect litter flammability and/or the way in which fires spread (for ex. into the crown). We also discern several plant functional types depending on their response to fire. The influence of fire on vegetation can be followed in the opposite direction as well, in regards to the successional development on burned locations. This study provides a comparison of the fire regimes of pine, beech, spruce and oak habitats across the boreal and temperate zone of the northern hemispehre. It contains information about the fire type and its progression, the fire historires of discussed study sites and the mutual relationship of fire and vegetation. Pine habitats have proven to burn most frequently, as opposed to beech forests, which seldom burn. In the chapter dedicated to oak forests, this study also touches on the topic of prescribed fire. There is also a segment dealing with the topic of spruce beetles included in the study. The amount of available literature differs within the topic, which is reflected proportionately within this study. It comes to show that although...
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Mechanisms of self-incompatibility in angiosperms and how to break them
Velebová, Veronika ; Urfus, Tomáš (advisor) ; Slovák, Marek (referee)
Plants have developed a reproductive strategy known as allogamy that involves fertilization using pollen from a genetically distinct member of the same species. This approach is crucial to prevent inbreeding and promote outcrossing. The mechanism responsible for ensuring outcrossing and preventing self-fertilization is called self-incompatibility. Self-incompatibility can be categorized into two types - heteromorphic and homomorphic. The incompatible reaction can be determined by the haploid (n) genotype of the pollen (gametophytic self-incompatibility) or by the diploid (2n) genotype of the plant on which the pollen is produced (sporophytic self-incompatibility). Three systems have been described in detail for homomorphic incompatibility, differing in their operation at the molecular and physiological levels. However, there are other systems that have not yet been described. Although self-incompatibility is an effective mechanism, there are certain circumstances where this mechanism can become ineffective, leading to the self-fertilization of typically cross- pollinating plants. This phenomenon is called pseudo-compatibility. A specific example of the breakdown of self-incompatibility is the mentor effect. It is a phenomenon where foreign pollen induces self-fertilization in usually...
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Covid-19: vaccination, undergoing illness and post-Covid syndrome
Fořtová, Karolína ; Urbánková Rathouská, Jana (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Aim: The aim of this thesis is to firstly introduce the reader to the theoretical part of Covid-19 disease and in the experimental part to investigate the vaccination rate of the respondents, the prevalence of the disease, the symptoms of the disease, the prevalence of post-Covid syndrome, or the involvement of specific organ systems in post-Covid syndrome. Furthermore, the aim was to investigate the influence of individual factors (age, sex, active smoking, BMI, comorbidities, vaccination, virus variant) on the course of the disease and post- Covid syndrome. Methods: The questionnaire study included 752 respondents of both genders and of all ages. Data collection was conducted within the Czech Republic between June 2023 and January 2024. MS Excel was used for statistical evaluation and Power Bl was used for data visualization. Results: 84.18% of the respondents were vaccinated. 72.61% of the respondents underwent Covid-19 and most of them became ill in the vaccine-free state (52.20%). The most common symptoms were severe fatigue (62.09%), increased temperature/fever (62.27%), muscle and joint pain (56.96%) and headache (56.04%). Post-Covid syndrome was/is suffered by 62 respondents (11.36%) and the most affected organ systems were lungs (46.77%), nervous system (32.26%), senses (30.65%), muscles...
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