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Technology for removal of micropollutants from water
Voldán, Jakub ; Biela, Renata (referee) ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor)
The issue of contamination of water sources by emerging micropollutants is an ongoing challenge for the water industry. This thesis is focused on the most common micropollutants such as pesticides, pharmaceuticals and endocrine disruptors (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, bisphenol A or phthalates). In addition, attention is given to water treatment technologies for the removal of these micropollutants from water treated for drinking purposes. These include adsorption on activated carbon, advanced oxidation processes and membrane processes. The practical part deals with the site Chroustov u Bohdalova, where above-limit concentrations of the pesticide acetochlor ESA have been observed. Subsequently, a design of a technological stage for the removal of the mentioned pollution is made for this site as a supplement to the existing water treatment technology at the Chroustov water reservoir.
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Determination of pesticides in solid environmental matrices
Řepková, Michaela ; Komendová, Renata (referee) ; Mravcová, Ludmila (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with the still pressing issue of pesticides in the soil environment. The theoretical part deals with the entry of these pesticide substances into the environment, i.e. their application in various forms to agricultural soil, where they are retained in the soil based on certain factors and subsequently transported from the soil to other components of the environment. As pesticide residues are also present in other parts of the environment, they represent a global problem because of the potential environmental and health risks not only for the human population. Furthermore, the theoretical part deals with the appropriate method for the determination of these pesticide substances in the soil matrix, both a suitable extraction method and a suitable analytical technique. The experimental part primarily focused on the actual determination of these persistent organic pollutants. Pesticides from soil were extracted by one of the most popular extraction methods at present, namely the QuEChERS method. This method has been thoroughly optimised to achieve the lowest possible detection/quantification limits, the highest possible recoveries and good repeatability. The LC-MS/MS method was chosen as the appropriate analytical method for the determination of pesticides in soil extracts.
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Options removal of micropollutants with water treatment processes
Zdražilová, Alena ; Bogáňová, Ida (referee) ; Biela, Renata (advisor)
This diploma thesis is engaged in problems of micropollutants removal by water treatment process. The first part aims to define single micropollutants, possibilities of their removal in laboratory and micropollutants removal on water treatment plant. In the second part, there is data evaluation of water analyses on factual water treatment plant. Also there is description and evaluation of experiment, which aims to pesticide removal from river by using filtration across granulated active carbon.
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Optimization of laboratory denitrification test
Novotná, Klára ; Pániková, Kristína (referee) ; Malá, Jitka (advisor)
Leaching from agricultural fields not only releases high concentrations of nitrates into surface and groundwater, but also, for example, pesticides. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to optimize the input nitrate concentration of a laboratory denitrification test. This test will allow the study of the influence of different pesticides on the denitrification process and also the monitoring of their fate during this process. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the nitrogen cycle and its forms, the denitrification process and the factors that influence its progress are discussed in detail. In the practical part, a 28-day laboratory denitrification test was performed. Analytical methods used are described in the thesis as well as the process and the results of the laboratory experiment. Based on chemical oxygen demand profile, N-NOx concentration profile and denitrification rate, an input nitrate concentration of 15 mg.l-1 was recommended.
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Analysis of selected strobilurine pesticides in barley, malt and beer
Stehlík, Pavel ; Kočí, Radka (referee) ; RNDr.Renata Mikulíková (advisor)
This diploma work is aimed determination of strobilurine pesticide in barly, malt and berr. Identifikation of strobilurine was made according to mass spectra library and base of commercialy standard. The next quantifikation in samples was made. The work consist of three main parts refer about problems. In therotical part is the method of plant, grown protection. This part is about pesticides and their fission, history and effects. In experimental part is method for determination strobilurine. In part results and discussion are all result and data in tables a graphs. At the end is sumed up result this work.
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Study of xenobiotics and biologically active compounds degradation on titanium dioxide
Píšťková, Veronika ; Lisá,, Hana (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Heterogenous photocatalysis using titanium dioxide seems to be a promising method for disposal xenobiotics from the environment. The aim of this diploma thesis is the study of degradation of selected xenobiotics and biologically active substrances applying this method. Theoretical part of diploma thesis deals with the principals of heterogenous photocatalysis by means of a semiconductor TiO2 and the examples of its possible application are mentioned too. The compounds which could be appropriate for a study of degradation were selected from the group of pharmaceuticals and pesticides. The properties of target substances and their environmental impact were described. Furthermore, a bibliographic search focused on the possibilities of their analytical determination was conducted. The experimental part of the thesis describes the experiments with photocatalyst in a form of powder as well as with immobilized photocatalyst in thin layer on a carrier. Identification and quantification of analytes was realized by high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometic detection.
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Possibilities of pesticide degradation by titanium dioxide
Píšťková, Veronika ; Veselý, Michal (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor´s thesis is a selection of pesticides, which could be degradated using titanium dioxide. The first part of the paper deals with general pesticide characteristics, subdivision of pesticides, mode of action on target agents and transformations of pesticides within the environment – the metabolic and the non-metabolic tranformation. The second part of the paper deals with heterogeneous photocatalysis using semiconductor TiO2, which is activated by ultraviolet or solar radiation. Using this method pesticides could be transformed even into carbon dioxide, water and inorganic mineral salts. Furthermore, there are mentioned the factors, which affect degradation rate, analytical methods to determine kinetics of degradation and methods for monitoring transients and end products. By each group of pesticides there are stated the representatives from this group, which have been used for investigation of degradation methods. Furthermore are mentioned decomposition mechanisms of reaction and the intermediate products formed during the photocatalysis process.
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Laboratory test of denitrification inhibition
Marková, Jana ; Pániková, Kristína (referee) ; Malá, Jitka (advisor)
The bachelor thesis is focused on testing the influence of given parameters in order to maintain the required conditions of the denitrification inhibition test, developed at the Institute of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology. The aim of the bachelor thesis is to optimize the parameters of the laboratory test, which with such defined parameters will be used to test the effects of pesticides on the denitrification process and will allow monitoring the fate of these substances during the denitrification process. The theoretical part of this work describes the basic information about the denitrification process and the factors that directly affect it. The practical part describes the three gradually performed laboratory tests using appropriate analytical methods. The measurement results are compiled into tabular and graphic form. Based on a critical evaluation of these outputs was created a test methodology with optimized parameters.
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The multiresidue determination of pesticides in barley and malt by the LC/MS method with QuEChERS extraction
Posoldová, Kateřina ; Pernica,, Marek (referee) ; Mikulíková, Renata (advisor)
The topic of this thesis is the determination of pesticides in barley and malt. Barley is one of the second most cultivated cereals in the Czech Republic. In order to achieve higher yields, higher grain quality, and avoid losses, plant protection products - pesticides - are used. The disadvantage of their use is their negative impact on human and animal health and the environment. Residues of pesticides and their metabolites can remain in a food, so it is a good idea to monitor their content. There are various options for determination, but recently the QuEChERS extraction method has been used, which speeds up the whole sample preparation process. The practical part summarizes the optimization and validation of the QuEChERS method and the subsequent quantification of analytes by UPLC-MS/MS. The content of 148 pesticides in 30 barley and 20 malt samples from the 2021 harvest in the Czech Republic was analysed.
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Influence of advanced oxidative processess on ecotoxicity of pesticides
Goma, Bernadette ; Procházková, Petra (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
The topic of this bachelor thesis is a study of the influence of advanced oxidation processes on the ecotoxicity of pesticides Metazachlor and Chloridazon. Both herbicides are commonly used to protect crops such as oilseed rape, turnips, chard or fodder beet against whole range of undesirable monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. Application is most often on large areas and therefore pose a high risk to the quality of the environment. The possible influence on the representatives of producers and consumers of the aquatic ecosystem was monitored in the work. Solutions of pesticides, which were subjected to selected methods of treatment using advanced oxidation processes, were tested on aquatic organisms, specifically on crustaceans Daphnia magna and aquatic plant Lemna minor. From the results of individual tests, the ecotoxicological values of EC50 and IC50 were calculated and their ecotoxicity and thus the efficiency of oxidation processes in the removal of pollutants from wastewater were compared.
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