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What hinders the recovery of zooplankton communities in acidified lakes?
Jůzek, Václav ; Sacherová, Veronika (advisor) ; Kaňa, Jiří (referee)
Acidification of soil and water environments, which emerged with the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, became a major ecological problem of the 20th century. The increase in emissions and subsequent deposition of acidifying substances into the environment has caused a significant decline in abundance and biodiversity of aquatic organisms in European and North American lakes. Emissions causing acidification have been reduced since the 1990s, yet aquatic ecosystems are not returning to their pre-acidification state. This thesis concludes the factors affecting the course of chemical and biological recovery of aquatic ecosystems affected by atmospheric acidification. The reviewed literature shows that communities newly established in acidified waters seek a new ecological equilibrium, and thus recolonization of native species is not limited by merely unsuitable water chemistry itself. Bohemian forest lakes have also been affected by acidification and are now in the process of recovering. The main factors affecting the recovery of natural zooplankton communities in lakes are high aluminium concentrations, periodic pH fluctuations, catchment characteristics and, more recently, climate change and associated bark beetle-induced tree dieback. Keywords: acidification, recovery, zooplankton, Bohemian...
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Effect of global climate change on areal and phenology shifts of dragoflies species
Perthen, Ervín ; Černý, Martin (advisor) ; Bílková, Eva (referee)
Climate change in recent decades affects the distribution and phenology of dragonflies. The main factor causing these changes is the increase in the average global temperature, but other factors, such as loss of habitats or changes in precipitation regime, also play a role. As a result of climate change, phenological processes are accelerating. We can therefore observe a faster egg development rates, an earlier emergence of adults, a longer flight period and also a shift in voltinism towards a greater number of generations per year. Good dispersal abilities allow dragonflies to respond to changing environmental conditions also by shifting their distribution. The ranges of most species are currently expanding towards the poles. Generalists and species capable of using temporary waters expand their ranges the most, while specialized species with a narrow niche are the most threatened by climate change. Shifts are also visible in the altitudinal distribution, increasing temperatures allow warm- adapted species to expand their ranges to higher altitudes. Keywords: climate change, dragonflies, distribution, phenology, temperature, altitudinal shift
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Food webs of glacier-fed streams.
Komárková, Julie ; Kopalová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Fuksa, Josef (referee)
This work focuses on glacier-fed stream ecosystems, with the centre of attention being on the community composition and characterization of their food web structure. Glacier-fed streams are harsh environments in terms of their physicochemical characteristics. These streams exhibit low temperatures and specific flow regimes, with the peak of meltwater generation, and thus discharge, in the summer. In turn, streamwater nutrient concentrations, light availability, and turbidity all vary seasonally according to the flow regime. Compositionally, glacier-fed stream habitats host chemolithotrophic bacteria along with photoautotrophic producers, such as diatoms, Chrysophyceae, and Cyanobacteria, which together serve at the bottom of food webs as primary producers. These streams also host some fungal taxa, that together with heterotrophic bacteria, represent the primary decomposers. Macroinvertebrates, including the water larvae of species Diamesa and Pseudodiamesa, or from the Ephemeroptera or Plecoptera groups, are important secondary producers with high feeding plasticity; that is, they are mainly grazing biofilm or collecting/filtering organic matter, with the possibility of predation. Other than that, in glacier-fed streams, there is usually no presence of higher trophic levels with large- bodied...
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How to reduce overheating in Czech towns and village
Hermanová, Veronika ; Kučerová, Zdeňka (referee) ; Pavlovský, Tomáš (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to point out raising temperature and climate changes in towns and villages in the Czech Republic. It focuses on the impact of climate changes on health of population as well as impact on public places. It analyses and proposes all possible conceptual solutions to support sustainable development and reduction of the climate impact. The target is to indicate measures of help to nature that will navigate to positive response on the climate changes on streets and public places to achieve comfortable living in the build-up area. Part of the bachelor thesis is personal proposal for the modification of the given public space in the town of Valasske Mezirici, to which individual measures are specifically projected.
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Discourse on Future in Politics, Media, and Ecological Activism
Simon, Michal ; Zmrzlá, Petra (referee) ; Kotásek, Miroslav (advisor)
Tato práce se zaměřuje na diskurz o budoucnosti týkající se extrémních výkyvů počasí a klimatických změn. Pomocí diskurzivní analýzy zkoumá, jakým způsobem je budoucnost predikována v politickém a mediálním diskurzu a také v příspěvcích klimatických aktivistů na sociálních sítích. Analyzovaný politický diskurz obsahuje části projevu prezidenta Bidena a slyšení výboru Senátu Spojených států amerických. Mediální diskurz je ilustrován analýzami dvou článků ze zpravodajských médií a YouTube videa z kanálu magazínu The Economist. Zatímco analýza politického diskurzu v této práci zdůrazňuje rétorické prvky, modalitu a persvazi, analýza mediálního diskurzu se zaměřuje i na senzacionalismus v nadpisech článků a obrázcích. Prostředky, jako jsou například rétorika, modalita a senzacionalismus, přispívají k ovlivňování a případné manipulaci publika. Cílem této práce je posoudit, jak politici, média a klimatičtí aktivisté ovlivňují vnímání budoucnosti a jakou roli mohou mít při vyvolávání klimatické úzkosti.
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Study of runoff conditions in selected sub-basins of the Oskava River
Gogela, Martin ; Pavlík, František (referee) ; Dumbrovský, Miroslav (advisor)
The subject of this bachelor thesis was to prepare data in the arcmap program, then to prepare an analysis of the area of interest. Based on this analysis, to find the critical profiles and determine the flood wave characteristics for their catchment area. These characteristics are processed using the DesQ program. Based on the climate change, the flood wave characteristics for the critical points' catchments were calculated for a design rainfall that simulates the projected condition in 2050. Furthermore, a design of measures for the area of interest was carried out. This design was compared using the flood wave characteristics and its effectiveness for the current and future condition was evaluated.
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Climate Change Assessment: Temperature Trends in the Vír I Reservoir’s Catchment
Bednář, Martin
Climate change poses a profound challenge, impacting ecosystems, human populations and water resources. Adapting water resources to the evolving hydro-climatological conditions within river basins is paramount. This study assesses the climate change effects in the catchment above the Vír I reservoir, located on the Svratka River in the Czech Republic, Central Europe. To account for the uncertainty of climate change, an ensemble approach was employed. Using insights from 13 global climate models (CMIP6, SSP2-4.5 scenario), temperature variations were analysed. The analysis aims to provide insights into temperature variations within this catchment area, shedding light on the complexities of climate change impacts and their implications for water resource management.
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The EU Emissions Trading System and its contribution to climate protection
Kaiserová, Veronika ; Žákovská, Karolina (advisor) ; Sobotka, Michal (referee)
This thesis deals with the European Union Emissions Trading System. The EU ETS, abbreviated from EU Emissions Trading System, serves as a tool for reducing the amount of greenhouse gases in the air, operating on the polluter pays principle and economically motivating the actors concerned to act more environmentally friendly. It is one of the most important instruments for combating climate change and plays a key role in the European Union's efforts to achieve its climate policy and sustainability objectives. The first part of the thesis deals with the legal sources that regulate this issue. First, it briefly introduces the most important international conventions that laid the basis for further cooperation between states in environmental protection. The EU regulations are then elaborated in more detail, mainly in the form of directives and regulations, which constitute the legal basis of the EU ETS itself and further modify it. Finally, the thesis briefly discusses the legal acts in Czech Republic. The next part of the thesis deals with the EU ETS as such. First, the development of the system, which has undergone numerous changes in its almost twenty years of operation, is outlined in individual subchapters. The thesis then looks at the allocation of individual emission allowances, the areas of...
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Pathways to a just landscape transformation
Nohlová, Barbora ; Sagapová, Nikola ; Harmáčková, Veronika Zuzana
The Just Scapes project was officially launched in 2020 and is a consortium of three countries (UK, France and Czech Republic) researching three types of landscape: the Scottish Highlands, the French rural landscape of the south-eastern Pyrenees and the Czech cultural landscape of southern and eastern Moravia. The project focuses primarily on the mechanisms and processes of equitable transformation and answers the following questions, crucial for the future: How are the impacts of climate change distributed? How are impacts and effects distributed?\nof landscape management and climate change policies? The research was based on the approach of the so-called ,,just transformation laboratories,, (T-labs). This approach is specifically tailored to foster collaborative solutions to complex societal problems. The research also included extensive field visits and engagement with relevant key actors. Numerous interviews and workshops were also conducted. This text is the result of a long-term research collaboration with key actors managing the landscape in five wine and agricultural regions of South and East Moravia. The research focused on mechanisms of equitable transformation. If the current state of the landscape leads to its vulnerability to the impacts of climate change, it is necessary to ask what changes are needed to increase its resilience. And this is exactly what the project has succeeded in defining.
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Sustainable production capabilities of territory, depending on climatic drought.
Skůpová, Jana ; Uhrová,, Jana (referee) ; Dumbrovský, Miroslav (advisor)
In this work, I dealt with the repercussion of drought on agriculture and land in the cadastral Jinošov. For this area, I analyzed the erosion and ratio of outflow. I also conducted a proposal of adaptation measures against erosion and water retention in the area. In conclusion, I analyzed withholding data and assessed the retention before and after the proposal of adaptation measures. The result of my work is finding that rainfall is inadequate and largely come out of the growing season, that despite all the measures fail to create on the necessary retention for the correct functioning of the landscape. Therefore it is necessary to solve water supply from other areas where is sufficient supply of water.
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