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The leniency programme in the european and czech cartel law
Tučková, Zuzana ; Svoboda, Pavel (advisor) ; Šmejkal, Václav (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to introduce the concept of the leniency programme and to describe its development and current legal regulation in the European Union and the Czech Republic, to evaluate its rules, its effectiveness and morality. The thesis also explores the relationship between leniency programme and other instruments in antitrust law enforcement. Leniency programme lies in granting full or partial immunity from sanction to the member of a cartel that reports the existence of this cartel to the antitrust authority. The thesis describes the key features of an effective leniency programme and compares these general postulates with real facts from the practise of the European Commission and the Office for the Protection of Competition. The thesis continues with pointing out the differences between European Commission notification issued in the years 1996, 2002 and 2006 and it describes how the programme works nowadays. It also focuses on the cases in which the Commission used the leniency programme. It also deals with the issue of European Competition Network and its Model Leniency Programme. Then it describes the leniency programme in the Czech Republic and the decisions by the Office for the Protection of Competition on the basis of leniency application. The comparison of Czech and...
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Recombinant vaccinia virus for cancer therapy, the analysis of biological and biochemical features.
Žůrková, Kamila ; Němečková, Šárka (advisor) ; Forstová, Jitka (referee) ; Trejbalová, Kateřina (referee)
151 8 SUMMARY Recombinant vaccinia virus has been used for elicitation of the immune response against expressed heterologous proteins which has led to protection of the host organisms against the agents producing that antigen (viruses, cancer cells). In our laboratory, we designed and evaluated several vaccines against cancer caused by human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16). Vaccinia viruses derived from replication competent strain P13 or attenuated MVA were used for construction of recombinant viruses expressing HPV16-E7 in highly immunogenic fusion construct SigE7LAMP. Recombinant viruses were used both in prophylactic and therapeutic settings in mouse tumor models using TC-1 or TC-1/A9 cells. The genes encoding stimulatory cytokines GM-CSF or Flt3 ligand were inserted into the above viruses to support the immune system and to potentiate the anticancer response. Tumor microenvironment was modified using the recombinant viruses expressing both the E7 gene and soluble receptor for TGF-β which should decrease the inhibition of immune system caused by tumor TGF-β cytokine and elicit the response against tumor cells. Intratumoral or intraperitoneal administration of viruses enhanced anticancer response in mice, the viruses expressing Flt3 ligand induced the proliferation of E7- specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes....
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Significance of prolactin as peripheral cytokine in dysbalance of immune system
Janatová, Kateřina ; Černá, Marie (advisor) ; Holáň, Vladimír (referee)
Background: Interactions between the neuroendocrine and immune system play an importatnt role in maintaining homeostasis. This communication is mediated by cytokines, neurotransmiters and hormones through endocrine, paracrine and autocrine signaling. Prolactin (PRL), hormone of anterior pituitary, is produced by a number of other tissues and cells of immune system. On periphery, PRL is cytokine. Sepsis is an inflamatory response of the organism to severe infection, Th1 immune response is activated and PRL could participate in it. Toll-like receptors (TLR) play a key role in a recognition of bacteial components and mediate a systemic response (with PRL secretion) during infection. It is supposed that activated immune system leads to increasing of PRL, TLR2 and TLR4 gene expression. We detected PRL, TLR2 a TLR4 mRNA levels in monocytes from patiens with system inflammation. We studied influence of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP -1149 G/T) in PRL gene promotor, it supposed that G allele increases PRL expression. Materials and Methods: For the pilot study 30 patients diagnose with severe infectious event. Collectoin of patiens blood samples was performed consequently three times. Control group comprised 40 healthy individuals. One blood sample was taken from each healthy subject. For testing of...
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Immunity of Members of Parliament in Selscted States: Study 1.175
Medková, Eva ; Nemeth, Marek ; Syllová, Jindřiška
V obecném úvodu je popsán institut parlamentní imunity jako jeden z nástrojů ochrany nerušené činnosti zákonodárného sboru. Jeho historické kořeny sahají již do středověku, kde bylo nezbytné chránit nově se vytvářející stavovská shromáždění před zásahy tehdy mocných panovníků. Postupem historického vývoje se institut rozpadl na dvě rozdílné a přesto propojené části, na neodpovědnost poslanců a na jejich nestíhatelnost. Zatímco neodpovědnost chrání proti stíhání za hlasování a některé projevy, které v parlamentu činí, často v rámci výkonu svých povinností, nestíhatelnost zabezpečuje, že je poslanec chráněn před zákonným stíháním trestného činu, správního deliktu či občanskoprávního aktu. Zatímco právní úprava neodpovědnosti je ve zkoumaných zemích více či méně obdobná (doba jejího trvání bývá neomezená, možnost jejího odejmutí je ve většině případů vyloučena), je právní úprava nestíhatelnosti značně odlišná. Jednotlivé úpravy (až na drobné výjimky) spojují dvě věci. První z nich je prolomení imunity ve smyslu nestíhatelnosti poslance v případě, že je přistižen při činu (někdy úplné jindy částečné), druhou je stanovení doby, na kterou se nestíhatelnost vztahuje (jde v naprosté většině případů jen o dobu výkonu mandátu poslance). Jsou však i takové země, které nestíhatelnost neupravují a staví tak poslance ve vztahu k trestnímu a příp. i správnímu stíhání naroveň běžnému občanovi. S jednotlivými právními úpravami rozsahu poslanecké imunity, které ve zkoumaných zemích platí, se může čtenář seznámit v přehledné tabulce.
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Allergen-specific immunotherapy from the perspective of nurses.
BEJTICOVÁ, Lenka
The subject matter of the bachelor thesis is specific allergen immunotherapy from the perspective of nurses. The work is divided into theoretical and practical parts. The concepts associated with the topic are explained in the theoretical section of the thesis. These concepts are as follows: allergy, allergen, immunity, sensitization, anaphylaxis and specific allergen therapy. Basic allergic diseases, work and role of the nurse are also described in the theoretical part. The practical part of the thesis contains four goals: the first three goals relate to nurses working in allergology ambulances; the fourth goal is focused on the needs of patients undergoing treatment with specific allergen immunotherapy. The first goal was to find out nurses' knowledge related to the specific allergen immunotherapy, second one dealt with the skills of nurses in the administration of specific allergen immunotherapy and the patients education process realised by nurses in allergology ambulances represented the third goal of the thesis. The fourth objective focused on the needs of patients undergoing treatment with specific allergen immunotherapy. To achieve these objectives the qualitative inquiry method of semi-structured interviews and observations were used. The research group consisted of four nurses working in private allergology ambulances in South Bohemia and four patients undergoing treatment with specific allergen immunotherapy. The research showed that nurses working in allergology ambulances have enough knowledge and skills in administration of specific allergen immunotherapy. The primary needs of patients can be determined as the need to be informed and to perceive the positive attitude of nurses and physicians to the patients.
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The Appliances Immunity to Short Voltage Dips and Interruptions
Bok, Jaromír ; Beláň, Anton (referee) ; Santarius, Pavel (referee) ; Drápela, Jiří (advisor)
This Ph.D. thesis deals with problems about voltage dips and short voltage interruptions, generally named as voltage events, which origin in power supply networks and have a negative influence for all connected electric appliances. In this thesis single phase appliances are considered. These problems closely relate with area of electromagnetic compatibility which solve all questions about correct operation of different types of electric appliances during electromagnetic disturbances impact. Voltage events are ones of the many types of electromagnetic disturbances. The connection between disturbance sources and sensitive electric appliances is created by power supply lines. The immunity of electric appliances to voltage dips and short interruptions is currently tested via voltage dips with strictly defined parameters which are intended by class of electromagnetic environment in which the usage of electric appliance is recommended. During immunity tests the rectangular shape of voltage dips is preferred. The main descriptive parameters of testing voltage events are the residual voltage and the event time duration. But voltage dips and short interruptions defined by this way do not closely relate with parameters of real voltage dips and interruptions occurred in public supply system where parameters of voltage dips are variable. Moreover in the power supply system there are many of others voltage parameters which can have a significant influence to immunity level of connected electric appliances. This Ph.D. thesis also deals with finding more voltage event parameters. Although the voltage events occurrence in the power supply system is not limited and voltage events are considered only as informative voltage parameter it is important to monitor voltage events occurrence. The monitoring device has to be able to operate for ling time period and it has to detect parameters of voltage events with adequate accuracy. The accuracy of detected event parameters and the detection delay depends on the detection algorithm characteristics. That is why the part of this thesis relates with a comparison of several detection algorithms and their abilities to correct detection of voltage event parameters. The main purpose of this thesis is the proposal of connection between classification of voltage dips and short interruptions occurred in power supply system with the classification of electric appliances immunity to these voltage events. On the base of many of provided electric appliances immunity tests and also on the base of long time period voltage events monitoring the special compatibility levels are proposed in this thesis. The observation of proposed compatibility levels will bring the increasing level of reliable operation of all connected electric appliances.
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Architectural lighting and desing particularity
Haluza, Miroslav ; Maixner, Tomáš (referee) ; Baxant, Petr (advisor)
The goal of this thesis is make a list of theoretic routes outside (architectural) lighting and draw up accessible light fitting. Further are in those work included principle for handy suggestion architectural lighting after technical norms and practical recommendationthat the is necessary at projection hereof lighting adhere. Last but not least is here mentioned problems installation and upkeep architectural lighting and safeness and immunity electric arrangement.
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The health effects of immunity training of women
CHLAŇOVÁ, Radka
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to explain the complexity of immunity system, particularly of the factors, which imact its functionality. In the theoretical part it focuses on introducing and functioning of the immunity system. At first it introduces the system from a biological point of view, explaining how it works, its main cells and primary organs and how it is devided. Furthermore it pursues the important factors which have the main impact on its functionality. These factors are then devided into positively influencing and negatively influencing and in each chapter there are described their specific impacts and the way of how the excess or deficiency influences the human heath. In the practical part of the work it aims on fulfilling these activities in practice, in particular by going through an immunity training which has been introduced by doctor Hermann Geesing. The activities of immunity training are practised during a duration of five months by six women in the middle age and the results of fulfilling these acitivities in regards to the subjective evaluation of their feelings during the time of the designed training plan. These results are shown in tables and graphs during each month by each person and finally evaluated and summarized in the discussion and conclusion based on the evaluation of their psychical and physical feeling at the beginning and in the end, together with describing the activities which have not been easy or difficult to fulfill.
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STatute for Members of the European Parliament: Study 1.200
Pulda, Jan
Evropský parlament svým rozhodnutím ze dne 28. září 2005 přijal nový statut poslanců Evropského parlamentu (2005/684/ES) s účinností od 14. července 2009. Statut se zabývá primárně otázkami poslaneckých náhrad, penzí, danění příjmu poslanců Evropského parlamentu, individuálními platbami apod.
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