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Epiphytic species of the Lecanora subfusca group in the Czech Republic
Malíček, Jiří ; Palice, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Guttová, Anna (referee)
- 4 - ABSTRACT During the revision of epiphytic species of the Lecanora subfusca group in the Czech Republic, nine taxa have been recorded. L. cinereofusca and L. exspersa are reported for the first time from the country. L. circumborealis has been excluded from the list of Czech lichens. L. cinereofusca and L. horiza could be considered as extinct. L. rugosella and L. subrugosa are regarded as extreme morpholocial forms from L. chlarotera and L. argentata. These morphotypes corelate with ecological conditions: substrate (nutrient enriched bark) and habitat (eutrophisation effect). In case of L. subrugosa, this speculation was confirmed by molecular data (ITS rDNA sequences). Several new secondary metabolites have been discovered during the detailed research of chemical lichen compounds. These substances belonging to terpenoids are taxonomically important and very helpful for distinguishing single species. The abundance of L. allophana and L. chlarotera has decreased during last decades. Contrarily, L. pulicaris expanded slightly. The main reasons of changes in distribution are air pollution and acidification of substrates as the impact of acid rains. The rate of substrate acidification has been shown on example of L. pulicaris. In the past, this lichen predominated on acid-barked porophytes. Nowadays, it...
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Small mammals in diet of barn owl in the Eastern Meditarranean
Šindelář, Jiří ; Horáček, Ivan (advisor) ; Anděra, Miloš (referee)
The extensive material of skeletal remains of mammals from a diet of barn owl in the eastern Mediterranean has been processed and evaluated with different techniques of chorological and morphometric analysis. At least 8400 individuals of 45 species of insectivores, rodents and bats were found in our total collection of samples, which represents a significant portion of fauna of the region. We have evaluated a chorological composition of the taphocoenoses and the interregional differences, manifested primarily by differences in the representation of satellite and accessory elements. We found a highly significant impoverishment of the isolated island taphocenoses (Cyprus, Karpathos, partly on Crete), where Cricetidae, Arvicolidae, C. leucodon etc. are missing. On the other hand the essential part of the dominance structure takes up the Rattus rattus, which acts here as an invasive species, significantly more successful than in the ragged continental contexts. The species diversity of the examined samples is positively correlated with the geographic latitude (taphocenoses of the northern regions are significantly richer) and negatively with the island effect and the degree of aridization. The morphometric analysis of the three most abundant species of Soricidae within the studied region showed...
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Vertical migration of benthic cyanobacteria and algae
Mensa, Jakub ; Neustupa, Jiří (advisor) ; Němcová, Yvonne (referee)
Vertical migration has been observed in different taxonomic groups of benthic microalgae and cyanobacteria in both marine and freshwater habitats. It seems to be an advantageous survival strategy of motile photoautotrophic organisms. In general, algae inhabiting tidal environments migrate up to the sediment surface during daytime emersion and then migrate below the surface prior to high tide or dusk. Freshwater microalgae stay on the surface during daytime and migrate below the surface before dusk. The migratory rhythm can be controlled or influenced by light, waves, subsurface nutrient supplies and reducing conditions in the sediment. Sometimes, the rhythm persists even in constant conditions and it seems to be controlled by biological clock system.
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Ontogeny of trilobites
Laibl, Lukáš ; Fatka, Oldřich (advisor) ; Budil, Petr (referee)
The thesis summarizes the current state of knowledge about the ontogeny of trilobites. The introductory chapters describe the basic morphology and anatomy of trilobites, and also mention their ecology, occurrence and feeding habits. In the main part of my thesis, I first summarized the existing research in this area, and also dealt in detail with methods of preservation of trilobite larvae, their reproduction, growth, embryology, postembryonal development, segmentation and ecology. I also mentioned the possible usage of this knowledge in other fields (stratigraphy, biogeography, etc.). The last section is a contemporary view on the systematics of trilobites and their position within the Arthropoda.
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Behavioral ecology of reproduction of a bat, Myotis myotis.
Porteš, Michal ; Horáček, Ivan (advisor) ; Benda, Petr (referee)
Order Chiroptera is characterized by great variability in foraging, roost and social strategies. Polygamy is the most common mating system in this order and resource-defence polygyny is a typical strategy used by most of bats. The source which male defends is represented by roost and territory or by females in case of harems. Another strategy is represented by multi-male and multi-female autumn meeting at so-called swarming sites. With relatively non-specialized forms, the genus Myotis is widespread all over the world except arctic regions and is found in great number of biotops including tropical mountain forests and subarid regions. M. myotis and M. blythii/oxygnathus are two cryptic species which can be distinguished in morphological, biogeographical and ecological parameters. In central Europe, M. myotis uses synantropic roosts and recently started to use a highway bridges, mainly in autumn. Seasonal organization of population represents typical temperate cycle. The organization of maternity colonies reacts on different thermal conditions by changing aggregation in order to stay in thermal optimum. There is an intensive communication between females and juveniles in maternity colonies as well as between males and females in mating sites. Although that M.myotis is intensively studied in Europe,...
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Flatworms (Platyhelmintes: Tricladida) in the Czech Republik
Reslová, Marie ; Juřičková, Lucie (advisor) ; Buchar, Jan (referee)
This work focuses on the freshwater triclads and summarizes information about species occurring in the Czech Republic. Particular chapters concerned generally with taxonomy, anatomy and ecology of triclads; morphology, ecology and occurrence of each species is discussed in detail. 17 triclad species were recorded in the Czech Republic before now, some of them are considered as endemics. The majority of common triclads is determinable according to the head shape, but determination of Dugesia lugubris, D. polychroa a Polycelis nigra, P. tenuis is possible only based on the penis morphology. Some species can be regard as bioindicators, because of their narrow ecological requirements: cold water with high content of O2 - Dugesia gonocephala, Crenobia alpina, Polycelis felina; higher concentration of Ca2+ - D. gonocephala, Phagocata vitta, Planaria torva; oligotrophic standing waters - Polycelis nigra; eutrophic standing waters - Dugesia polychroa, Polycelis tenuis. Species of underground waters and springs are interesting and still unexplored ecological group of triclads.
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Political Parties Turning Green: Adoption of the Environmental Issues by Political Parties in the Czech Republic
Hlaváčková, Anna ; Just, Petr (advisor) ; Kotábová, Věra (referee)
UNIVERZITA KARLOVA Fakulta sociálních věd Institut politologických studií Bc. Anna Hlaváčková ZELENÁNÍ POLITICKÝCH STRAN - ADOPCE ENVIRONMENTÁLNÍ POLITIKY PARLAMENTNÍMI STRANAMI V ČESKÉ REPUBLICE Diplomová práce Praha 2011 Autor práce: Bc. Anna Hlaváčková Vedoucí práce: PhDr. Petr Just, Ph. D. Rok obhajoby: 2011 Bibliografický záznam: HLAVÁČKOVÁ, A., Zelenání politických stran - Adopce environmentální politiky parlamentními stranami v ČR, Diplomová práce, Univerzita Karlova, Fakulta sociálních věd, Institut politologických studií, Vedoucí diplomové práce PhDr., Petr Just, Ph. D., Praha 2011, 177 s. Anotace: Diplomová práce "Zelenání politických stran - Adopce environmentální politiky parlamentními stranami v České republice" se zabývá fenoménem zelenání univerzalistických poltických stran ve smyslu jejich postupné adopce environmentální politiky do volebních programů. Objektem zkoumání jsou programy českých parlamentních stran podle výsledků voleb do Poslanecké sněmovny Parlamentu České republiky v červnu 2010. Problematika je zkoumána z kvantitativního i kvalitativního komparativního hlediska, snaží se odhalit trendy v přijímání environmentální politiky do programových dokumentů a popsat jednotlivé postoje českých parlamentních stran k zelenému programu. Práce dále zkoumá vztah této programové změny k...
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Distribution and ecology of the turbellarian Dugesia tigrina in the Vltava river and selected Prague brooks and its interactions with native turbellarian species
Sevruková, Natálie ; Mourek, Jan (advisor) ; Hanel, Lubomír (referee)
Key words: (Dugesia tigrina), ecology, bioindication, predation, Vltava, Prague The main goal of my thesis was the research of occurrence and ecology of planarians of the group Ttricladida in the Vltava River and some brooks flowing through the territory of Prague. The emphasis was given on the non-native North American species - Dugesia tigrina. The research can be divided into field surveys of population size and ecological requirements of planarians and a laboratory experiment, in which I have investigated the predation behavior of planarians. During my fieldwork, which took place from August 22th to November 11th 2009, I have found out that the Dugesia tigrina occurs only in the Vltava river, in six of the nine studied localities. During the research it was not found in the studied brooks. It chooses localities with a natural shoreline, deeper ground, rapid water and it lives in company of mainly Dugesia polychroa. It appeared at moderately polluted places. During the predation experiment, which ran from December 17th 2009 to October 20th 2010 at a temperature of 14 řC and triple repetitions in all mutual combinations of five planarian species, intraspecific cannibalism and frequent asexual reproduction of Dugesia tigrina was comfirmed. The experiment showed mainly preying of indigenous...
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Lichen uses - potentials of the European Guideline for mapping lichen diversity
Svoboda, David
Lichen uses - potentials of the European Guideline for mapping lichen diversity David Svoboda My projects had one common feature, namely the application of the European Guideline for mapping lichen diversity as an indicator of environmental stress (Asta et al. 2002). This methodology was developed in an effort to make a standardised protocol for European screening of epiphytic lichens for various purposes. The dissertation is focused on selected topics and the main objectives can be summarised as follows: 1) To evaluate the potential of the LDV method for determination of general air pollution, and the possibility of applying the new methodology in the Czech Republic. 2) To compare results given by the LDV method and the older qualitative method by Hawksworth and Rose (1970). 3) To determine the principal factors influencing the epiphytic lichen distribution in Central European oak forests, and to elucidate possible correlations among natural and human caused environmental factors in a large scale study. 4) To investigate the epiphytic lichens living in temperate oak forests, their features and possible lichenological differentiations; to determine indicative species for old growth forests and natural woodlands under different climatic conditions and human influence in the Central Europe. 5) To determine...
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