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Hodnocení moštových PIWI odrůd pro výrobu červených vín
Halmová, Lenka
This diploma thesis studies the evaluation of wine grape PIWI varieties for the production of red wines. The experiment took place in autumn 2016, specifically in September and October. Nine type of interspecific varieties, were studied and two control varieties were studied. All varieties come from the Mikulov wine-growing subregion from the Lednice village in Moravia. For all varieties, the basic analytical parameters of the qualitative characters were determined. Everything was statistically evaluated and compared. The literary part deals with problems of resistance, propagation, occurrence and description of the three most serious diseases that have just begun to breed these resistant varieties. For this research is a brief look and description of each variety separately, their origins, ampelographic features, suitable habitat and oenological properties.
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Bioinformatic analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the 1000 Genomes Project database
Parobková, Viktória ; Roy, Sudeep (referee) ; Provazník, Ivo (advisor)
Sekvenovanie celého ľudského genómu a nájdenie jeho variácii bolo výzvou počas mnohých rokov. Znalosť všetkých genetických variácií je pozoruhodne prospešná pri výskume chorôb. Táto práca je zameraná na genetické variácie človeka a ich dva hlavné výskumné projekty, The HapMap Project a The 1000 Genomes Project, ktoré pomohli v analýze chorôb. Prvá časť práce je venovaná teoretickému popisu projektov. V nasledujúcej časti práce sú popísané štruktúry databáz u oboch projektov a taktiež je predstavený online nástroj umožňujúci prehľadávanie a sťahovanie ich dát. Následne je prevedená štatistická, populačná a bioinformatická analýza štrukturálnych variácií produkovaných 3 fázou 1000 Genomes projektu.
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Introduction testing of mutation V600E in the BRAF gene in clinical laboratory
VÍTKOVÁ, Markéta
Nowadays, skin cancer belongs among very frequent tumor diseases. It has been proven that sun and skin cancer are maximally related, and thus it may affect everyone, however, ´light-type´ people having blonde or ginger-coloured hair, light skin and high numbers of freckles are much more likely to be affected. Skin tumors are most frequently localized in body areas that are exposed to sunshine in the long term, such as eyelids, nose, neck, shoulders and hands. The most frequent types of skin cancer are the following: Basaliom, Melanoma and Spinaliom. The aim of my bachelor thesis was to acquire theoretical knowledge about skin cancer, especially about the Malignant Melanoma. The Malignant Melanoma is, unlike the other epitelial tumors, such as Basaliom or Spinaliom, not characterized by local destructive growth, but by the danger of an early haematogenic or lymphogenic metastasis. The Malignant Melanoma often metastasizes into lymph nodes, however, distant metastases may also appear in skin, lungs, the brain and gastro-intestinal tract, mainly in the small intestine. The presence of mutations may be understood to be the biological cause of the Malignant Melanoma. One of the most significant and most described mutations (in connection to the Malignant Melanoma) is the BRAF gene V600E mutation, appearing in position No. 1799 in the area of codon No. 600. Codon GTG>GAG mutation leads to the exchange of valin for glutamic acid. Activating the mutated BRAF protein is a result of conformation changes within the protein structure. The mutated V600E BRAF cells are not subject to apoptosis and aging, the result of which is an incontrollable replicational potential of the cells. The mutated V600E BRAF Melanoma then escapes the organism´s immunity response. The aim of the practical part of my bachelor thesis was to acquire the basic molecularly biological methods in a genetic laboratory. Mainly isolating the genom DNA obtained from a buccal swab as well as peripheral blood, preparing and carriyng out a PCR reaction, preparing agarose gel, and detecting PCR products using gel electrophoresis. Mutation V600E within the BRAF gene examination was carried out via the PCR-ARMS method. The principle of this method relies in using four different primers able to detect both mutated and unmutated DNA sequence during one experiment. The methodology was taken over from Huang et al. (2013) and subsequently adapted to the needs of the laboratory.
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Gene order conservation in bacterial genomes
Martinková, Tereza ; Sedlář, Karel (referee) ; Maděránková, Denisa (advisor)
Theoretical part of the thesis deals with basic concepts such as bacterial genome, comparative genomics and mainly synteny blocks. Here is explained what synteny is and what is its importance. In the theoretical part, the GenBank format is also mentioned, its content and usage. The practical part is focused on searching similarities in DNA sequences of reference bacteria with selected bacteria, their sorting by means of greedy algorithm and visualization of similarities using phylogenetic tree.
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Significance of detection of the ApoE gene and MTHFR gene polymorphisms for osteoporosis.
ŠILHOVÁ, Markéta
Osteoporosis is the sceletal metabolic disease characterized by changes of bone tissue and disfunction of mechanic bone resistance which can lead to numerous bone fractures. Osteoporosis is frequently diagnosed in patients older than 60 years, also advanced age patients are not an exception for this disease. The most frequently affected group of patients is postmenopausal women. Prevalence of osteoporosis still rises. Nowadays more than 200 millions of people suffer from osteoporosis and one million of patients from Czech republic. Osteoporosis have became a serious complication affecting not only medical but also an economic field. Based on these findings, osteoporosis should be considered as an important topic even from the perspective of genetic risk factors. The aim of my bachelor thesis is to write a specialized research focused on introduced topic, summarize accessible information about osteoporosis, including diagnosis and genetic predisposition. I have focused especially on genes ApoE and MTHFR677. ApoE plays an important role in sceletal homeostasis. The highest risk for osteoporosis development is the presence of alel 4 gene for alipoprotein E. Gen MTHFR677 is mostly associated with bone mineral density located in femoral neck. An experimental part of bachelor thesis was based on laboratory practice in molecular biology field inluding isolation of DNA from peripheral blood, PCR technique, detection of PCR products by gel agarose electrophoresis, analysis of ApoE gel by MyTaq Red DNA Polymerase kit and 2x PCRBIO HS Taq Mix, analysis of MTHFR677 gene by MyTaq Red DNA Polymerase kit. Analysis of ApoE gene is based on ARMS PCR method, on the other hand analysis of MTHFR677 is based on RFLP PCR method. I have performed the laboratory practice within the Laboratory of genetics GENLABS in České Budějovice.
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Studie antimikrobiálního účinku včelího jedu na druhy borelie z komplexu \kur{B. burgdorferi} sensu lato: izolace genu kódujícího antimikrobiální peptid melitin z jedové žlázy včely medonosné \kur{(Apis mellifera)}
DAVIDOVÁ, Marie
The incidence of tick borne diseases has drastically increased over the past few years. Control of tick borne pathogens, especially spirochetes from \kur{B. bugdorferi} sensu lato complex, is complicated due to a lack of vaccines against them. The emergence of bacterial strains to well established and widely used antibiotics has become a serious public health concern. Analysis of new classes of antimicrobial peptides became the subject of new investigation due to their efficacy against disease causing pathogens. Among possible candidates, melittin from honey bee venom is of particular interest. The aim of this work was to study the effect of whole bee venom on Lyme borreliosis spirochetes. The minimum concentration of the venom that possesed the inhibitory effect on borrelia growth was identified. The gene enconding melittin was isolated from bee venom gland and recombinant melittin was produced in bacterial expression system. The effect of recombinant melittin on live borrelia culture was studied.
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Gene order conservation in bacterial genomes
Martinková, Tereza ; Sedlář, Karel (referee) ; Maděránková, Denisa (advisor)
Theoretical part of the thesis deals with basic concepts such as bacterial genome, comparative genomics and mainly synteny blocks. Here is explained what synteny is and what is its importance. In the theoretical part, the GenBank format is also mentioned, its content and usage. The practical part is focused on searching similarities in DNA sequences of reference bacteria with selected bacteria, their sorting by means of greedy algorithm and visualization of similarities using phylogenetic tree.
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Analýza genů podmiňujících zbarvení velkého münsterlandského ohaře
FRYŠOVÁ, Adéla
The target of this thesis was to obtain a sufficient number of DNA samples from individuals Breed Large Münsterländer and they perform genotyping newly described mutation c.555> G in exon 2 of the gene TYRP1. In the case of this mutation in the breed we studied, another aim of the work was to propose breeding measures that would limit the spread of this undesirable mutation. At the beginning of the literary overview, the breed of the great Münsterlander, his history, the breed, the standard with an emphasis on the permitted coloring and the current breeding of a large Mässlandlander in the Czech Republic. The thesis describes the individual genetic foundations of coloring and explains the principles of the methods used in their own work. In its own work genotyping was performed on the mutation in exon 2 of the TYRP1 gene by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing methods. This mutation was not demonstrated in either of the 113 tested individuals of the Greater Münsterlander. It was also used of the available commercial tests previously described mutations in the gene TYRP1 on which were worked out plans for auxiliary mating as an aid to farmers to avoid the herd to increase the number of recessive homozygotes undesirable brown coat color or heterozygotes, who carry a mutated allele.
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