|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
The effect of polyketide antibiotics on signalling and functional activity of human monocytic cell line
Kopecká, Kristýna ; Stříž, Ilja (advisor) ; Kovářová, Jaromíra (referee)
Anti-inflammatory cytokines have an important role in the development of inflammatory reactions. If an acute inflammation turns into chronical it is very often a pathological phenomenon. Chronicle inflammations accompany a whole number of serious diseases with an unclear prognosis, such as some of the autoimmune diseases. Usually, the cause of these diseases is not quite clear and the treatment is mainly symptomatic with an effort to suppress the immunity system. For this purpose we use various immunosuppressant drugs, and biological treatment is used, too. Another possibility is to use bioactive secondary metabolites produced by various microorganisms. In this group there are for example macrolides antibiotics, and a big potential is also seen in the recently discovered polyketides. The objective of this work is to test the newly acquired secondary metabolites that were isolated in the Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Actinomycetes at the Czech Academy of Sciences. Tested were manumycin A, manumycin B, colabomycin E, asukamycin A, asukamycin D, β-rubromycin, deoxynybomycin. As comparative substances were used the macrolides antibiotics clarithromycin and azithromycin dehydrate, all of them commercial pharmaceuticals. These substances were tested on the monocytic line THP-1. Cells were stimulated...
|
|
|
Mutations in brassinosteroid biosynthetic genes and their effects on plant phenotype
Frimlová, Klára ; Rothová, Olga (advisor) ; Mašková, Petra (referee)
Brassinosteroids are important group of phytohormones, whose presence affects anatomy, morphology and development of plants. They occur in all vegetative and mainly generative organs. Brassinosteroids are biosynthesized via two main paths named early C-6 oxidation pathway and late C- 6 oxidation pathway. Brassinosteroid biosynthesis is catalyzed by enzymes from the group of cytochrome P450. Gene mutations - which affect brassinosteroid biosynthesis - have been studied especially in Arabidopsis thaliana L., Pisum sativum L., Solanum lycopersicum L. and Oryza sativa L. Mutations lead to changes in the composition and amount of brassinosteroids in plants. The reduced content of brassinosteroids is manifested by typical phenotype that includes reduced growth, reduced size of plant organs, and dark green leaves in mutant plants. The mutant phenotype can be reversed by exogenous application of brassinosteroids, which is nevertheless dependent on the concentration of the brassinosteroids used. Higher concentrations of brassinosteroids cause mostly inhibition of root elongation. Keywords: brassinosteroids, biosynthesis, mutant, phenotype
|
|
|
Imprinting-like effects and homogamy as factor affecting the evolution of eye and hair colour
Joudal, Lukáš ; Kleisner, Karel (advisor) ; Bártová, Klára (referee)
Existing studies have demonstrated that choosing a partner is strongly determined by physical and personal characteristics of a parent of the opposite sex. This influence is affected by the quality of the relationship with the parent during one's childhood. There are many studies focused on choosing a partner in relation to self-similarity. They show that many characteristics are shared between partners. The partner self-similarity has a positive impact on one's satisfaction in and stability of a relationship. Previous research also shows consistency in choosing a partner, meaning there exists a resemblance among ex-partners. The main objective of this thesis is to make a contribution to understanding the mechanisms of choosing a partner based on similarity (colour of eyes and hair) with the parent of the opposite sex and/or based on self-similarity. Next aim is to explore consistency in choosing a partner according to phenotype characteristics (eye and hair colour). The online survey involved overall 1 266 participants, 942 women and 324 men. The survey provided following results. Women choose self-similar partners in terms of eye colour; they also choose their partners depending on the eye colour of their father. Those women with hair colour similar to their partner's show higher relationship...
|
|
|
Genetics and phenotypic characteristics of early-onset Parkinson's disease
Fiala, Ondřej ; Růžička, Evžen (advisor) ; Seeman, Pavel (referee) ; Bojar, Martin (referee)
Objective: Mutations in the parkin (PARK2) gene have been associated with autosomal recessive early-onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD) with various frequencies in different populations. The aim of the study is to describe phenotypic characteristics of Czech EOPD patients, to evaluate the influence of environmental risk factors, and to determine the frequency of parkin allelic variants in patients and healthy controls. Methods: A total of 70 EOPD patients (age at onset ≤ 40 years) and 75 controls were phenotyped and screened for the sequence variants and exon rearrangements in the parkin gene. Results: The main features in the phenotype of the patients' sample were: the absence of cognitive deficit, high occurrence of dystonia, depression, hyperhidrosis, an excellent response to dopaminergic therapy, early onset of dyskinesia and motor fluctuation. Patients with mutations in the parkin gene had significantly lower age at onset. The agricultural occupation and work with chemicals increased the risk of EOPD, however the coffee drinking appeared to be a protective factor. Parkin mutations were identified in five patients (7.1%): the p.R334C point mutation was present in one patient, four patients had exon deletions. The detected mutations were observed in the heterozygous state except one homozygous...
|
guest ::
