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Zhodnocení ekologických rizik areálu dolu Rožná I a návrh na využití území po skončení těžebních prací
Ondra, Marek
The subject of this bachelor thesis is evuluation of ecological risks of area of mine Rožná I and possibilities of its use after the ending of mining works. Initially there is summarization of literature, related to uranium mining, history and present day of mine Rožná I, possible ecological risks, and legislative related to issue. In the thesis, there is describtion of interest area including building in area Rožná I and possible pollutants. In the practical part are processed measured data from buildings, whitch are compared with limits determined by regulation. In the closeru there is described usability of buildings, evaluation of impacts on environment and suggestions of possibilities of another possible use of the area.
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Ionizing Radiation, Residual Heat Generation, and Inventory of Spent Nuclear Fuel
Hájková, Barbora ; Šťastný, Ondřej (referee) ; Katovský, Karel (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis deals with ionizing radiation, residual heat generation, and inventory of spent nuclear fuel. It introduces types of ionizing radiation and half-life of isotopes, which are contained in the nuclear fuel. Furthermore, using code UwB1, a simulation of the burning of nuclear fuel used at the Dukovany Nuclear Power Plant from the introduction of fuel into the reactor to its storage in deep repositories in 2065, is carried out.
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Radiation exposure in coal miners
BÁŇOVÁ, Denisa
The bachelor thesis focuses on a problematics of radiation load of miners during coal mining. This topic is something that public and miners themselves are not aware of that well. The thesis sets following goals: To chart radiation load of miners during coal mining and the awareness of miners about risks of their job. For the theme were also set following research questions: How big is the rate of radiation exposure of miners during coal mining? Is there considered any radiation protection for miners? At what rate do the miners perceive threats associated with working at coal mine? Which risks the miners encountered during their work experience? How big is the awareness of miners about the threat of radiation load? The theoretical part of this bachelor thesis classifies and sets general characteristics of coal and its most significant coal deposits. Furthermore, the thesis describes natural radionuclides and its content in rocks, radiation load of miners and other risks connected to mining. The last section of theoretical part describes radiation protection, safety and protection of health at work. The practical part was processed based on literature study and qualitative research. For data collection was used semi-structured interview with miners which formerly worked at coal mines and with miners which are still actively working at mines. Furthermore, was conducted an interview with specialist which focuses on ionizing radiation sources in a form of industrial applications. After the analysis, the research questions can be answered as follows. According to studied literature can be concluded that radiation load of miners does exist. However, from conducted interviews emerged that minors do not know much about this problematic and most of them does not even consider radiation load as a threat. The radiation protection in Czech coal mines is regulated by legislation. Based on the valid legislative the average volume activity of radionuclides in the air must be measured in work environments with material containing increased content of natural radionuclides. However, the miners reported that they did not notice any radiation measurement in coal mines. From this statement can be considered that there are no exceeding levels set by legislation at coal mines where questioned miners worked. Other possibility might be that nobody deals with it which is indicated in the interview with radiation application specialist. Some miners realize threats connected to their work and some of them do not. Some miners reported gusts, shaking, presence of methane and coal dust, various injuries and more. Those who did not report specific threats responded that they do not consider these as threats after several years working at mines. Respondents reported a big amount of threats which they encountered at their work. Amongst others were mentioned gusts, accidents, shaking, stone falls, variable temperatures, risk of occupational disease, possibility of methane explosion, presence of noise and vibrations when working with machines.
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Statistical analysis of laser spectroscopy measurements
Slávik, Ľuboš ; Bednář, Josef (referee) ; Hübnerová, Zuzana (advisor)
Cieľom tejto bakalárskej práce je stručne vysvetliť metódu spektroskopie laserom indukovaného mikroplazmatu (LIBS) ako nástroj analýzy prvkového zloženia študovaných vzorkov. Výstupy z prvkovej analýzy (emisné spektrá) sú ďalej spracované pomocou matematických metód regresnej analýzy za účelom nájdenia vzťahov medzi nameranými chemickými prvkami. Tieto dve metódy sú použité na analýzu problému založeného na reálnych dátach, a to nájdenie špecifického vzťahu medzi prítomnosťou uránu a hydrozirkónu v študovanom vzorku uranonosného pieskovca.
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Influence of Uranium Mining on the Environment of the Ždár nad Sázavou Region
Bártová, Alžběta ; Teodoridis, Vasilis (advisor) ; Vacek, František (referee)
Thema in aim of this bachelor thesis is mining of uranium ore and its impal on the environment of the Dolní Rožínka area. The first part is focused on a knowledge summary of mineralogical and geological overview, which limits are examined area and characterises uranium bearings in Rožná. It is dealt also with the history of uranium mining and oves a brief technological activities in processing of the raw uranium under responsible company of DIAMO, represented by the GEAM Dolní Rožínka. Furthermore some specific aspects of activities are described in a relation to rehabilitation and recultivational measures in afected area of Dolní Rožínka. Second part is dealt to individual aspects of negativ impal on environment and the risk some radionuclids escaping into surounded nature, especially a local waters, the air and the soil and ganges within suroundings with secondary formativ of ecosystems. This is a demonstrativ that meaning of uranium has an impal on helth miners and employees of chemical department as well as locals. The last part of thesis presents the possibilities of implementation of the studied topic in Primary School education. KEYWORDS Uranium, mining, landscape recultivation,environment, teaching, primary school
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Uranium in historical ceramic glazes: Determination by alpha radiation detection and comparison with other methods
Vopat, Michal ; Goliáš, Viktor (advisor) ; Jelínek, Emil (referee)
In the Czech Republic yellow and ivory glazes with uranium in the Ditmar-Urbach and Terra Teplice companies were manufactured in the pre-war and inter-war period. The production of these glazes took place at the latest since the 1900, the material springs have existed since 1912. Their production ended in 1945. The most suitable method of non-destructive determination of uranium was the measurement of surface alpha activity on planar surfaces by a probe with a ZnS (Ag) scintillator constructed special for this bachelor thesis. Altogether 85 samples, evidence of this production, were measured. To determine the conversion of detected alpha activity to uranium content, an indirect calibration method was chosen to measure uranium content in three types of glazes by WDS analysis. In the studied set, uranium contents ranged from 0.2-2.2 % with the highest frequency ranging from 0.5-0.6 % U. 16 samples of yellow and ivory glazes were without added uranium with contents up to 322 ppm eU. Comparison of uranium contents determined by surface alpha activity measurement with area beta activity confirmed that the glazing does not form a saturated layer for beta radiation. Three types of glazes analyzed by WDS were also measured by XRF. By comparing uranium contents determined by both methods, it was found that...
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Factors affecting uptake and distribution of uranium in plants.
Krejčová, Daniela ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Tylová, Edita (referee)
Uranium is a radionuclide, which naturally occurs in Earth's soil in rather an insignificant amount. It is not very dangerous in such small concentration; however, this concentration is rising due to anthropogenic activity, therefore an estimation of its increase is at hand. It is necessary to research possibilities of not only effective, but also ecological extermination of this contamination. Phytoremediation could be an appropriate solution, but this method is still in its beginning stages when it comes to uranium contaminations. That's why we need to study influences of uranium on plants and find out to what extent are they suitable for phytoremediation of areas contaminated by uranium. Phytoremediation methods are based on the abilities of plants to receive and accumulate certain pollutants. The factors that influence the amount of uranium received by a plant can be divided into four groups: plant species, uranium's oxidation levels, pH of of the medium or the substrate and ligand, which is attached to the uranium (Mitchell, 2013). Transportation of uranium to the aboveground part of the plant is also a factor here. Plants need to deal with the accepted uranium; aside from the radiological risks resulting from the characteristics of radioisotope, uranium is also a heavy metal. Chemical...
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Dating of uranium secondary minerals by the Thermal ionization mass spectrometry and α-spectroscopy
Roll, Michal ; Goliáš, Viktor (advisor) ; Strnad, Ladislav (referee)
SUMMARY: This paper is focused on analytical methods, specifically on thermal ionization mass spectrometry and alpha spectrometry; both methods are often use for dating of minerals or rocks. Goal of this paper is to compare these methods and decide which one is more suitable for dating of secondary uranium minerals. Methods are completely different and we judge them closely and take into account every fact not just technical skills as accuracy or speed which are in favor of thermal ionization mass spectrometry, but also device availability, price or published researches which are in favor of alpha spectrometry. There is also suggestion that both methods can cooperate and it seems as most effective way and there is another suggestion how studies a secondary uranium minerals.
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Contamination of floodplain of the Ploucnice by heavy metals: relation to its architecture
Hošek, Michal ; Goliáš, Viktor (advisor) ; Kříbek, Bohdan (referee)
Summary: This thesis is focused on mapping of contaminants released into the environment probably due to uranium mining. These chemical contaminants are used to reconstruct the sedimentary processes. The aim of the thesis was both the geochemical assessment of the situation in the catchment area of the Ploucnice River in Boreček using the flood sediments from the research points as sedimentary archives pollution for last decades. With depth profiles, gamma wire log, XRF and enrichment factors (LEF), we have tried to perform chemostratigraphic correlation of the sediments. As target elements U, Ba, Zn and Ni were chosen, whose concentrations are related to the grain size of the sediment. Furthermore, the theory of secondary pollution is developed.
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