|
|
Motivation to exercise and healthy lifestyle in young adults
Doubravová, Petra ; Novotná, Klára (advisor) ; Táborská, Silvie (referee)
BACHELOR THESIS ABSTRACT Author: Petra Doubravová Supervisor: Mgr. Klára Novotná, Ph.D. Title: Motivation to exercise and healthy lifestyle in young adults Abstract: This theoretical and practical bachelor thesis deals with the topic of motivation to exercise and healthy lifestyle in young adults. The main aim of the thesis is to map the motivation to exercise and healthy lifestyle among young adults aged 20-40 years and their attitudes towards these areas. The theoretical part focuses on the issues of healthy lifestyle, exercise and movement recommendations within a lifestyle framework. An important part is the motivation for exercise and healthy lifestyle and its importance in physiotherapy. Finally, it marginally examines motivations for exercise and healthy lifestyle during the Covid-19 pandemic and the changes in habits caused by various arrangements. A questionnaire survey was used to collect data for the practical part. The questions in the questionnaire relate to the topic of lifestyle, physical activity and feelings associated with physical activity and there were 33 questions in total. They were constructed according to the studied literature and some questions were taken from the book "Motivating People to Be Physically Active" by Marcus and Forsyth from 2010. The questionnaire was created on the...
|
|
|
Influence of Scanning Geometry on the ULS Point Cloud quality
Kolář, Michal ; Potůčková, Markéta (advisor) ; Anders, Katharina (referee)
The use of UAV LiDAR allows for the acquisition of precise and detailed point clouds of the Earth's surface. Evaluating sources of uncertainty, such as direct georeferencing parameters (GNSS, IMU), atmospheric effects, data preprocessing, or scanning geometry, play a crucial role in determining the spatial accuracy of each individual point. With the vast amount of points collected and the variability of the scanned surface, it is important to consider what percentage of points accurately represent the Earth's surface, as well as understanding the noise fraction and how it varies with the scan geometry. The objective of this thesis is to identify noise in data captured from a rock glacier and to assess the impact of scanning geometry on the occurrence of noise. This study analyses a high-density ULS point cloud (1200 points/m2) acquired on the "Äußeres Hochebenkar" (AHK) stone glacier in the Ötztal Alps, Austria. The large volume of data (147 million points) poses a great challenge for its processing. To eliminate system errors, additional strip merging was first performed over a total of 29 flight strips. Subsequently, selected scan geometry attributes (scan distance, scan angle, incidence angle, slope, relative orientation of trajectory and slope exposure, etc.) were calculated. Five algorithms...
|
|
|
Glucose effect on lipid metabolism homestasis in pancreatic β-cells
Stokičová, Linda ; Holendová, Blanka (advisor) ; Horáková, Olga (referee)
Lipids create an essential part of pancreatic β-cells. Not only they are the principal structural components and energy source, but they also play an indispensable role in β-cell physiology. Their metabolism is tightly interconnected with the metabolism of glucose, the fundamental β-cell molecule. The presence of lipids is critical for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and their turnover is inevitable for correct β-cell function. Lipids in the form of triacylglycerols, retinyl esters and cholesterol esters are stored in lipid droplets. These dynamic cellular structures are important for lipid metabolism and the protection of the cells against various types of stress. However, chronic exposure of β-cells to glucose and lipids can lead to disrupted glycerol/non-esterified fatty acid (GL/NEFA) cycle function, glucolipotoxicity and further dysfunction of β-cells, their dedifferentiation, insulin resistance, and finally type 2 diabetes. The experimental part focused on lipid metabolism in pancreatic β-cells in connection with glucose metabolism and redox environment. Glucose-induced expression of proteins involved in lipid metabolism (fatty acid activation, lipolysis, lipogenesis, etc.) and the effect of modulated redox environment was investigated in β-cell line INS1E and isolated mouse pancreatic...
|
|
|
Human identity through the prism of modern science: transformation, reception and application of molecular genetics in public discourses
Urbánek, Daniel ; Hermann, Tomáš (advisor) ; Švorcová, Jana (referee)
This thesis explores how the advances in genomics and molecular genetics from the 1990s to the present have shaped human self-perception in public discourses. It looks closely at how the Human Genome Project (HGP) and subsequent advancements have altered public views on sociocultural ethnicity, health, disease, and ethics. By integrating multidisciplinary insights from molecular biology, sociology, and bioethics the text provides a critical examination of the landmark literature within the specified timeframe. The thesis argues that genetic progress not only provides an understanding of our biological foundations, but also raises important moral, legal, and societal issues that often challenge conventional notions of human self-perception.
|
|
|
Investigation of HSP70 oligomerization by structural mass spectrometry
Melikov, Aleksandr ; Novák, Petr (advisor) ; Jeřábek, Petr (referee)
Heat shock cognate protein 70 (HSC70) is a 71 kDa chaperone protein belonging to the ubiquitous family of heat shock proteins 70 (Hsp70). The representatives of this protein family are considered as molecular machines with ATP-hydrolase activity facilitating correct folding of spatial protein structure, both in normal and stressful conditions (hypoxia, heat shock, pH fluctuations etc.) In addition, HSC70 was identified as an uncoating enzyme for triskelion meshwork on the surface of clathrin-coated vesicles. Among other roles, HSC70 prevents protein aggregation and assists the polypeptide maturation, it facilitates the protein transport into organelles, such as endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. It is involved in targeting proteins for lysosomal degradation and in many other dramatically important cellular processes related to protein homeostasis. Therefore, the regulation of HSC70 and other HSP70 proteins is believed to be dramatically important, especially in a context of cellular stress. Based on the experimental observation, the mechanism of inactivation through oligomerization was hypothesized. The dimer and trimer species of Hsp70 proteins were identified both in case of prokaryotic and eukaryotic homologs. It was also speculated that Hsp40 cofactors promote oligomerization to even...
|
|
|
The role of glutamine in leukemia cell metabolism
Sitdikova, Karina ; Hložková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Zelenka, Jaroslav (referee)
Leukemia is a heterogeneous group of hematological malignancies that result from the abnormal proliferation of immature blood cells. One of the hallmarks of tumor cells is their altered metabolism. Therefore, therapy targeting deregulated metabolic processes is an attractive strategy for the treatment of malignancies, including hematological ones. Amino acid metabolism is an important part of cellular metabolism, and targeting it appears to be a key attractive strategy in the treatment of leukemia. Glutamine, a conditionally essential amino acid, plays a crucial role in energy metabolism and maintaing the redox balance of leukemia cells, thereby contributing to their growth and proliferation. Strategies to treat leukemia by targeting glutamine metabolism include glutamine depletion, the use of glutamine transporter inhibitors and glutaminase enzyme inhibitors. To ensure the effectiveness of leukemia treatment, it is essential to recognize that glutamine is involved in numerous metabolic pathways, each of which is regulated by multiple factors. As a result, therapies targeting glutamine metabolism should be carefully designed to avoid affecting healthy cells and patient immunity. This thesis describes leukemia, including its types and treatments, and glutamine metabolism and its potential targeting...
|
|
|
Regulation of intracellular calcium levels as tool to control NK cell cytotoxicity.
Graman, Vojtěch ; Frič, Jan (advisor) ; Šimíček, Michal (referee)
NK cells, a subset of innate lymphoid cells, play a crucial role in recognizing and eliminating virally infected or cancerous cells, making them a promising cell-based immunotherapy for AML patients. However, NK cell-based immunotherapies face unforeseen efficacy problems. Intracellular Ca2+ signalling was shown to play a crucial part in NK cell cytotoxicity. Maintaining the intricate balance of intracellular Ca2+ signalling is vital for NK cell-mediated target cell killing. In the complex microenvironment of the patient's body, NK cells encounter various stimuli, which can potentially disrupt the balance of intracellular Ca2+ signalling. Stimulation of PRRs was shown to affect intracellular Ca2+ , further influencing overall NK cell cytotoxicity. This study investigated the impact of TLR stimulation on Ca2+ signalling and NK cell functions. The effect of TLR stimulation was assessed using Ca2+ influx measurement, functional cytotoxicity, and degranulation assay, as well as gene expression analysis. Exposure to TLR ligands resulted in elevation of intracellular Ca2+ levels, accompanied by a reduction of cytotoxic activity at low effector-to-target ratios. An increasing trend in degranulation was observed. Furthermore, gene expression analysis unveiled upregulation of NFAT and Orai1 in NK cells...
|
|
|
The effect of a child's hospitalisation on the whole family
Lejnarová, Andrea ; Průšová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Nikodemová, Hana (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the hospitalization of a child and all the factors that affect other family members in connection with the child's admission to a medical facility. The theoretical part of the thesis focuses on the child, the perception of illness, the impact of hospitalization on the child, as well as on the family, siblings and cooperation with medical staff. The empirical part is based on a quantitative research investigation and analysis of the data collected. The aim of the empirical part was to find out whether the child's hospitalization affects the family, family life and siblings. A quantitative research method was used using a non-standardized questionnaire of own design, which was intended for parents of children hospitalized in pre- selected wards of Motol University Hospital. 123 completed questionnaires were included in the actual survey. The reserch results of the survey show that parents of hospitalized children do not have sufficient support from the medical staff. The greatest support is provided by the family, which also provides help in the home and with other children. In conclusion, after evaluating the data collected, I believe it is important and could be beneficial to explore this issue in more detail. The results of the investigation will be forwarded to the...
|
|
|
Local action groups in the inner periphery of Bohemia: perception of success and its analysis
Ambrozková, Marie ; Chromý, Pavel (advisor) ; Konečný, Ondřej (referee)
This master's thesis examines the success of Local Action Groups (LAGs) from the perspective of how success is defined by LAG representatives, which is compared with the approaches of state and European authorities and experts. It further analyzes the factors influencing LAG activities with an emphasis on the context of the inner periphery of Bohemia. The research methods employed were qualitative, involving semi-structured interviews with representatives of six active LAGs from the inner periphery of Bohemia. The results indicate that, according to LAG representatives, the success lies in networking within the territory, LAG awareness, knowledge of the territory's needs, and active targeting of these needs. Particularly in terms of LAG awareness and informed targeting of territory needs, LAG representatives' perspectives differ from other approaches. Respondents identify a good team as the foundation of successful LAGs, which utilizes positive factors and overcomes negative influences on LAG activities. Key findings from the research include a description of the successful LAG team and an overview of factors influencing their activities, including those typical of the inner periphery. Internal factors such as small municipalities with non-full-time mayors, sparse population, and missing services...
|
|
|
Effect of long-term drought on plant-associated microbiota
Billichová, Tereza ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Kohout, Petr (referee)
Plant-associated microorganisms are very important for plant growth. Microbiota influence, for example, nutrient uptake, flower and fruit production or biocontrol of pathogens. Microorganisms are found in various plant organs. Each plant part then creates different environments for the microorganisms to live in. This may influence their different functions depending on which plant part they are found in. One such function is to help plants cope with adverse conditions. Drought, as an adverse condition, has a major effect on both plants and micro-organisms. The aim of this thesis is to study effect of long-term drought on the composition of the microbiota in the rhizosphere and leaf and root endosphere. Long-term drought affected the composition of microbial communities in different plant parts. According to the original hypothesis, the response to drought of prokaryotes differed from that of fungal communities. Fungal communities are more stable and their alpha diversity did not change much during the different durations. The opposite trend in diversity is seen in prokaryotes, where a relative increase in specialists can also be observed. Regarding specific microbial taxa, the results confirm the previously reported trend of increasing Actinobacteria abundance during drought. For fungi, on the...
|
guest ::
