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Heidegger's Concept of University
Zrno, Filip ; Strouhal, Martin (advisor) ; Koťa, Jaroslav (referee)
This thesis is focused on Heidegger's concept of university. Firstly is shown Heidegger's a difficult style of thinking. On this basis is described being of science, concept of university during his work as a president in Freiburg and in period after war. Thesis discuss the problem of being of technology and two ways of thinking which is closely connected with topic. Finally Heidegger's concept of university is shown in postmodern situation. Present and future problems related to university are elaborated as well.
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Truthness in Terms of Gazing and Exposure
Jahoda, Lukáš ; Kouba, Pavel (advisor) ; Ritter, Martin (referee)
The meaning of this work is an explanation of Heideggers notion of the truth from the early fundamental ontology, demonstration of its limits and the interpretation of its intensification in the concept of the truth from the texts Vom Wessen der Wahrheit and Platons lehre von der Wahrheit. The explanation of the truth of being from the fundamental ontology is primarely lead by the regard on the distinction between handy being and the being that just occurs and their respective modifications of understanding: handling and gazing. The explanation of Heideggers notion of the truth from the early thirties should refer to deeper level of research, where the basic distinction of being and understanding not yet appears. On this deeper degree finds Heidegger the notion of the truth as the exposure to the being in the openness of relating. This conception of the truth should be introduced as an avoidance of the problematic dualism in the fundamental ontology and as a deeper point of view, in which the truth is not derived from the understanding of existence, but from the ek-sistential exposure to the being, which let itself to be led by it.
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Perception of the Object or Seeing the Thing?
Vávrová, Věra ; Benyovszky, Ladislav (advisor) ; Pětová, Marie (referee)
The thesis follows the development of the As-Structure as it is presented in Heidegger's Logic (GA 21) and shows that this abstract structure has been developed based on Brentano's Psychology 1 and Husserl's Logical Investigations. I describe how the As-Structure develops from the Brentano's distinction of physical and mental phenomena. The mental phenomena represent the basic sphere of our recognition, and the knowledge of the object as it is immanent to them. The object represents a stable counterpart to the course of experience (Objekt - Erlebnis relation). Therefore, only in the mental phenomena the object is being experienced just as it appears. This is the standpoint of Brentano, and it is adopted by Husserl who explicitly divides the structure of an intentional act into its constituents; the meant and the given. The object is accomplished when it is carried out by the intentional act. When the relation between the meant and the given is fully congruent, the given is given just as it is meant. Heidegger elaborates on this given as meant structure by transferring it outside the sphere of consciousness. He claims that the As-structure is the abstract constitutive element of the relation between the human (Dasein) and the thing; what is being encountered in the world is always given as something...
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Shoes in van Gogh's oeuvre New interpretationes from Derrida to present day
Zachariáš, Jan ; Konečný, Lubomír (advisor) ; Prahl, Roman (referee)
Resumé Presented thesis is dedicated to specific problems of van Gogh's art. In the first chapters I investigate Heidegger's philosophy of art and his philosophical interpretation of van Gogh's painting Old shoes. Second chapter is dedicated to the critical reaction of distinguished art-historian Meyer Schapiro. Schapiro wrote two short texts, where he attacked Heidegger's way of interpretation of the painting. But Schapiro did not take into account Heidegger's philosophical arguments and completely misunderstood Heidegger's essay. Third chapter is dedicated to the "conclusion" of the conflict of interpretations. In late seventies French philosopher Jacques Derrida published an article (Restitutions), which deals with previous contributions. Derrida seriously attempted to investigate philosophical principals of Heidegger and Schapiro and he suggested, that both authors have the same tendency to appropriate the shoes to some person, in Heidegger's case to peasant woman in that of Schapiro to van Gogh. Derrida tried to leave the "theory of appropriation" by saying that the shoes belong to the painting. I also added two appendices dedicated to specific problems of van Gogh's painting. In first appendix I investigated the role of synthesis of painting and drawing in van Gogh. In second appendix I trace the...
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Boredom as a sociological problem
Hochmuthová, Terézia ; Maršálek, Jan (advisor) ; Balon, Jan (referee)
Contemporary society perceives boredom largely as a normal part of everyday life. Nevertheless, academic discourse has not come to an agreement on its interpretation. The researchers differ on two main points: first, whether boredom is universal or historically developed phenomenon, and second, whether it is an individual or the external conditions, who is more responsible for the emergence of boredom. This paper reflects on these conceptual difficulties and attempts to elude them by suggesting an alternative, sociologically relevant approach. A new sociological concept of the phenomenon is introduced, based on Martin Heidegger's conceptualization of boredom. Boredom is thereby understood as a specific way, in which individual relates to his/her social environment and its objects. In order to avoid epistemological dilemmas resulting from an imbalanced account, which puts too much emphasis either on subject or its environment, the concept situates boredom's origin and actuation onto the level where subject and its environment meet. The theoretical part of the text is followed by an empirical one, which uses the concept to interpret a specific segment of tourism: organized holidays. This particular model, constructed and offered by travel agencies as a complex product, is understood here as an...
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Critique of positivism in social sciences
Janas, Martin ; Holeček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Balon, Jan (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to present a critique of positivism in social sciences. The first chapter is devoted to a presentation of what positivism is. We also learn that positivism is closely related to neopositivism and that in many definitons of these words, the word "metaphysics" appears. Second chapter is devoted to Peter Winch's book The idea of a social science and its relation to philosophy. Analysis of this book is presented and we are shown many dangers of positivistic approach regarding the investigation of society. A concept of understanding a society is introduced, which is based on understanding given society's rules. Third chapter presents philosophy of sicence from Martin Heidegger. First, the notion of "metaphysics" is explained. Then we move onto the explanation of the meaing of science and technology in modern society. At the end of the thesis, we are presented with a short comparison of Winch's and Heidegger's philosophy. Conclusion includes new possible routes that sociology could take.
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