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Empathy in the Context of Edith Stein´s Philosophy
ŠTORKÁNOVÁ, Radka
The aim of the thesis is to dive deeper into the early philosophical work of Edith Stein, especially with regard to her dissertation thesis On the Problem of Empathy. She defended it in 1916 before Edmund Husserl and its main contribution is to open the question of the possibility of mediating the knowledge of the world among subjects. In her first work, Stein focuses on the act of empathy itself, on the constitution of a psychophysical individual, and she asks about their conditions and possibilities of empathy and our own self-concept. This thesis will follow the line of her thinking in detail and it will try to grasp her contribution (comprehensively and in context) to topics such as intersubjectivity and constitution of our self and experience, on the border of the phenomenological method. The affiliated issues, including those related to empathy, will not be left aside either.
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Conception of the Other in the philosophy of Jean-Paul Sartre and Emmanuel Levinas
Tlapa, Tomáš ; Blažková, Miloslava (advisor) ; Hogenová, Anna (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis is a philosophical interpretation of the problem of intersubjectivity in the work of Jean-Paul Sartre (1905 - 1980) and Emmanuel Levinas (1906 - 1995). In the first part, it deals with the conception of the Other in the Jean-Paul Sartre's Being and Nothingness and analyzes (after a brief introduction to Sartre's philosophy) concrete aspects of Sartre's theory of intersubjectivity. This part ends with a critique of Sartre's theory, which enable us to interpret the Levinas's theory as an alternative conception of intersubjektivity. The analysis in the second part is based on the Levinas's book Totality and infinity. The final part sums up the main differences of both conceptions. Key words: intersubjectivity, the Other, existence, freedom, ethics, Sartre, Levinas
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Death and Intersubjectivity
Härtel, Filip Hanuš ; Němec, Václav (advisor) ; Čapek, Jakub (referee)
The topic of this thesis is a relation between two constitutive aspects of out existence: death and intersubjectivity. The way how to research these issues is an interpretation of main concepts and notions contained in these texts. On the basis of the comparison of these concepts, notions and whole philosophical stands offers this thesis a perspective of comprehension to the topic of death and intersubjectivity.
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Securitizing Culture: Normative Behavior and the US Central Intelligence Agency in the Global War on Terror
Svítek, Filip Jakub ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Bureš, Oldřich (referee)
Bibliographic record SVÍTEK, Filip. Securitizing Culture: Normative Behavior and the US Central Intelligence Agency in the Global War on Terror. Prague, 2016. 82 p. Diploma work (Mgr.) Charles University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Political Studies. Department of Security Studies. Diploma work supervisor JUDr. PhDr. Tomáš Karásek, Ph.D. Abstract This monograph attempts to explore the system the intelligence community in the US from a constructivist perspective to understand domestic security policy as applied to international threats. The research questions examine how the US Central Intelligence Agency is able to functionally employ controversial tactics such as coercive interrogations and extrajudicial detention within a society that represents liberal normative democracy - one that in theory should prefer to uphold norms of human rights rather than infringe upon them. There appear to be two main concepts at play: security as an underlying culture (as a product) and security as a subjective act (as a process). Thus, this work will apply concepts of National Security Culture and securitization as product and process, respectively, using interrogations of suspected terrorists as a case example. The underlying results show that norms, rules, and culture of national security, utilized through...
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Dynamics of Everyday Life in Dialogue with Emmanuel Lévinas
Jandová, Tereza ; Sokol, Jan (advisor) ; Bierhanzl, Jan (referee) ; Novotný, Karel (referee)
The main objective of this research is to look at the topic of everyday life from a dynamic perspective. The definition of everyday life that this thesis stands upon, i.e. the presence of a subject in the world with the other(s) outlines also two main sources of its dynamics: the world and the other. The essential aim of this thesis is to show that the different attitudes towards the world and the other in the works of Husserl and Lévinas consequently influence the understanding of the everyday life as such, as well as the requirements it imposes upon the subject. The chapter dedicated to Husserl presents his concept of the world as a horizon, the irreplaceable position of perception in our access to the world and the creation of the other within the subject itself. On the contrary, Lévinas stresses the separation of the subject and he understands the world and the other as inherently belonging to this never-ending process. The motive of dependence and responsibility of the subject for the other belongs to the most significant differences between the two philosophers. Whereas Husserl proposes us a subject in the world which he accesses via perception and in which he encounters the other, Lévinas shows us subject that is born to the pre-reflexive and intersubjective world from which he first has to...
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Space where we will be alone together
Jiříčková, Adéla ; Čech, Viktor (advisor) ; Daniel, Ladislav (referee)
Passing and meeting or looking for a shared space where we could be together or where we could be alone together. Is it possible, for a short moment at least, to step into the other one's world? Finding yourself along with finding the other one. Will we be able to recognize the boundary, once we cross it? This work should focus on a) exploring the space, b) exploring the space within us, and c) on a conflict, touch, on two spaces getting closer and getting further away (both on a physical and psychological level) - private space and public space, whose boundaries are blurring nowadays. These topics are applied on art as well (particularly on the works of performance art) and accounted for the outcomes in its own creative work. KEYWORDS Subjectivity, intersubjectivity, space, body, solitude, tension
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The natural world by Husserl and Patočka
ANDERSOVÁ, Adéla
The aim of this work is to introduce a problem of natural world by Edmund Husserl and Jan Patočka. This work introduces phenomenological philosophy in short as a distinctive philosophical field with its specific method. In particular passages, the work deals with Edmund Husserl first as he is the founder of this philosophy and a discoverer of "natural world". Further, it introduces more elaborate structures of "natural world" by Patočka with his own notion.
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The Body of the Other: The Phenomenology of Intersubjectivity
Krejcar, Václav ; Zika, Richard (advisor) ; Novotný, Karel (referee)
In my diploma thesis I deal with the topic of experience of another person from the phenomenological philosophical point of view. The two major motives of my diploma thesis are: the revelation of the shift in thinking of Edmund Husserl in the phenomenology of intersubjectivity and showing that Merleau-Ponty went way beyond Husserls thinking. In the first chapter I clarify what Husserls term 'empathy' meant in his Cartesian Meditations and how this conception follows the theory of Theodor Lipps. Then I explaine Husserls thinking of intersubjectivity from the book Ideas Pertaining to a Pure Phenomenology and to a Phenomenological Philosophy - Second Book. In the third chapter I describe the phenomenology of intersubjectivity in the work of Merleau-Ponty. The fourth chapter is an interpretation and subsequent comparison of both authors. My main aim is to show that Merleau-Pontys comprehension of 'intercorporeity' surpasses Husserls conception of intersubjectivity. The final chapter displays the critical thinking of my opinion according to Zahavis interpretation of Merleau-Pontys philosophy, from Husserl and Transcendental Intersubjectivity. In this diploma thesis I bring the analysis of one source of thinking about the experience of another person to an end. I have accomplished the imaginary circle...
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