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Bioflavonoids in human nutrition and their meaning in prevention of civilization diseases
SKOČNÁ, Zuzana
Bachelor thesis is considerd with bioflavonoids and their contribution to the human body. It is described the history, characteristics of bioflavonoids, chemical composition and their sources in food, here. The next part is focused on effects of bioflavonoids against some civilization diseases such as cardiovascular disease or cancer, and emphasizes their importance in human nutrition. The discovery of bioflavonoids is dated to the first half of the 19th century when the tanstuffs were detached. Bioflavonoids rank among the group of substances called polyphenols and it´s known more than 20 000 of them. There are ubiqity substances in the vegetal kingdom furnishing the characteristic colouring or taste of fruit and vegetable. Flavonoids are not even in fruit and vegetable but also in pulses, hops, buckwheat, tea, grapevine, chocolate and further spices. The contain of polyphenols in the plant diet can be affected by the variety, conditions of growing, picking maturity, processing, stocking or culinary treatment. The optimal is the flameproof finish in steam when the polyphenols fade away at least. The main place of polyphenol resorption in the human digestive system is the small intestine and colon. Bioflavonoids are thought of the protectors of the vitamin C and these two substances assist to each other in their effects. Bioflavonoids as so-called fytochemical substances make possible to plants to resist a infections and other demage resultings commited by microorganisms, insects or other enemy. The most considerable flavonoids, the part of this bachelory was devoted, fall into quercetin which is often situated in apples, onion, rutin in buckwheat, resveratrol in red wine and catechin in tea. The purpose of this working was to draw up the problems of bioflavonoids and find out which status these substances have, in a human nutrition. The positive effects to a human health agree from their antioxidative treatment at all. The epidemiological studies from the various parts of the world prove that some components of fruit and vegetable have considerable influence to certain types of cancer. In fruit are mentioned the positive effects against the oral cavity cancer, gullet and larynx cancer, in vegetable against stomach illness, colon, rektum and urocyst cancer. Many studies mention the influence of bioflavonoids in a prevention cardio-vascular illness and in a present day also in a ageing process prevention. At the end of the bachelory there are mentioned other positive effects of these substances in assorted illnesses prevention. These effects are due to their ability to inactivate free radicals and reduce risik hydroperoxides. Bioflavonoids assert theirself for example in a varicose veins treatment, piles, paradentos, variety tumours and inflammation. Many people use up ironically rather vitamins as food supplements in place of fresh fruit and vegetable. Because of it that´s necessary to learn that bioflavonoids in fruit, vegetable and other sources are irreplaceable for our health and many times more wholesome than the syntetic preparations.
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Awareness of patients about diagnostics and therapy of malignant gynecologic tumours
PLOJHAROVÁ, Anna
Three goals were set for the work. The first one was to find out whether women see their gynecologists once a year for the recommended preventive examination. The second goal was to asses the level of awareness among women regarding diagnostics and therapy of malignant gynecological tumours. The third goal of the work was to find out whether women are sufficiently informed about possible prevention and protection against cancer development. In connection with these goals three hypotheses were set to validate them. The first hypothesis supposed that women do not undergo yearly preventive examinations. It has not been validated by the research. The second hypothesis, that women are sufficiently informed about gynecological diseases, has proved to be correct. The third hypothesis, that women are sufficiently informed about prevention against cancer development, has also turned out to be correct.
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Analysis of deviations in the localization of radiation fields in the course of radiation by means of EPID in patients with tumours in head and neck
GRABMÜLLEROVÁ, Hana
Oncology diseases are serious and alarming problems in the world and our country, too. The most common ENT tumours affect larynx, oropharynx and hypopharynx. The factor which causes the occurrence of tumours is smoking. Chronic thermal excitation, pH changes of mucous membrane and vasoconstriction caused by nicotine can also participate in the occurrence of malign changes. Among other etiological factors belong: alcohol, U radiation, ionizing radiation, transport and industry exhalations, nutritional exhaustion, and immunodeficiency. Current treatment includes surgery, radiotherapy, cytostatic chemotherapy, hormone therapy, bio therapy and their combinations. The prosperity of oncology patients is 22% by surgery, 18 % by radiotherapy and 5% by chemotherapy. Radio therapy remains the basic treatment of oncology diseases. According to the newest knowledge and requests its quality is ensured. The accuracy of radiation treatment and the increases in therapeutic results are developed. The risk of over dosing, which leads to the occurrence of many complications, and also the risk of under dosing, which decreases the chance of the complete cure, decline. Quality assurance is currently carried out on electronic portal image device EPID (Electronic Portal Imaging). The reason of permitted small deviation (0,3cm) in tumours of head and neck is the proximity of critical organs to the target volume and often small radiated volumes. The aim of the thesis was the analysis of the group of patients with the tumours of head and neck treated at oncology department in Nemocnice České Budějovice, a.s. (Hospital in České Budějovice Inc.) by the form of portal evaluation. The hypothesis was average deviation 0,3cm in localization of radiated fields in the evaluated group. The analysis of deviations in localization of radiation fields in the course of radiation of evaluated group was carried out. The gained deviations were compared with the data in professional literature. The methodology included the characteristics of evaluated group of patients according to radiation posture, fixation of a patient, radiation technique, localization of tumour, the extent of disease TNM, patient´s age and sex-a man, a woman. The evaluation was carried out by means of EPID for particular radiation fields. Statistically, maximum, minimum and average deviation in localization of radiation fields was evaluated and the results were compared with the hypothesis by means of the test {$\psi$}2. The presupposed hypothesis was not proved. From the measured data it was found out that in practice acquired deviations are smaller than deviations presupposed by the hypothesis. The important part of radio therapeutic practice is the programme of Quality Assurance (QA). The results will serve the workers of radiation oncology in Nemocnice České Budějovice, a.s. (Hospital in České Budějovice Inc.) for evaluation of radiotherapy quality in the tumours of head and neck.
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Cell fusion and carcinogenesis
MARŠÍKOVÁ, Hana
The origin of cancer remains enigmatic. The object of this study was to find out the impact of BMDCs fusion without any carcinogens on cancer progression. The arising instability of genome could give rise to malignancy.
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The Public Attitude towards Preventive Oncology Examinations
KAULICHOVÁ, Markéta
The Public Attitude towards Preventive Oncology Examinations The object of this paper is to find out how laic and health professional public uses the potential of preventive oncology examinations and to uncover the barriers in use of these programs from the point of view of the laic and professional public. The public attitude towards preventive oncology examinations is more important these days as the incidence of oncology diseases is growing. Prevention is considered the principal in modern medicine, also from an economic point of view. The attitude of society towards its health is one of problematic public health areas, the attitude of self-responsibility and the underestimated meaning of primary prevention. Moreover, there is a psychological problem related to oncological diseases: the fear of positive findings and the fear of the disease itself which is traditionally connected with incurability, cruel pain and inevitable death. This notion is no longer true. A dictatorial doctor{\crq}s approach to patients in the past has been replaced with cooperative and more equal relation, where the patient takes part in decision making. However, doctors are too busy to find the proper way and proper extent of informing the patient or these doctors often underestimate the importance of a good way of giving this kind of information. This thesis presents current preventive care offered in the Czech Republic and it shows the negative bias towards cancer which is a stumbling block to a more successful fight against oncology diseases. This research was undertaken amongst laic and health public. Quantitative data collection was used in the form of questionnaires. The research file is made up of men and women over 18 years, with or without health occupation. The hypothesis was not proven that laic public use preventive oncology examinations more than health public. The laics use these programs less mostly due to lack of awareness about them. One of the most common obstacles in using preventive programs is the misunderstanding of prevention itself, when people contact a doctor only when they have problems. The results have also shown that laics are not satisfied with the activity of doctors in informing them and that laic public search for information is done less actively. This thesis can be used as a foundation for further discussion about problems of informing the public about preventive programs and for future education of health personnel within oncology matters.
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Healthy life style education focused on colon and rectum cancer prevention
BARTONĚK, Jaroslav
This work is engaged in colon and rectum cancer which is much more obvious problem in the Czech Republic than in the rest of European countries. This work is focused on its prevention and a diagnostic of this serious disease. The healthy lifestyle habits and an advance anamnesis can reduce death risk to a great extent. There is a project called ``The colon and rectum cancer prevention {--} a drop of blood saves a life{\crqq} as a part of this work which is destined for upper {--} primary pupils. The purpose of this work is consistent with the first objective of the National Oncology Program of the Czech Republic. This program is focused on professional education support of tumor prevention in Czech schools, an increased public awareness of tumor prevention, a decrease of smoking by youth and women, and also an abatement of the fluctuations of nutrition and lifestyle. This goal has been fulfilled. There is a question of whether the results of this program reflect the true situation. If this type of education project is undertaken by primary schools in the Czech Republic we will have to wait some years to see the results.
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Posttraumatic growth in parents of oncologically ill children
Slezáčková, Alena ; Blatný, Marek ; Kepák, T. ; Vlčková, I. ; Jelínek, Martin ; Pilát, M. ; Navrátilová, P. ; Kárová, Š. ; Štěrba, J.
The study is a part of study QOLOP and analyses positive and negative psychological changes in parents of childhood cancer survivors. Its main goal was to identify main domains of a parents’ posttraumatic growth. The content analysis of parents´ subjective statements of percieved benefits lead to an identification of main domains of PTG (changed perception of self, changes relating to others and changed life-philosophy). Specific categories of positive psychology were distinguished and practical interventions were suggested.
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Proteomika CDK inhibice v nádorových buňkách
Kovářová, Hana ; Skalníková, Helena ; Halada, Petr ; Strnad, M. ; Hajdúch, M.
In order to improve our understanding of the biochemical basis of the anti-cancer activity of olomoucine-derived synthetic cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs) and to search for novel proteins associated with these biological effects we applied complex proteomic approaches. To analyse cellular responses to the CDKI we used two cancer models: the CEM T-lymphoblastic leukemia cell line representing hematological malignancy, and the A549 lung adenocarcinoma cell line as a solid tumor model. Cancer cells of these lines were cultured in both the presence and absence (controls) of the CDKI, bohemine (BOH). Cellular proteins of both of these lines were then extracted and fractionated using conventional two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), and for the CEM T-lymphoblastic leukemia cell line we also used a 2-D liquid phase fractionation system ProteomeLab PF 2D ( Beckman Coulter). Computer-assisted data analysis of the resulting 2-D protein expression maps was applied to determine the similarity/dissimilarity of the maps and to select characteristic protein spots or bands based on the quantitative differences between BOH-treated and control cells. Many of these differentially expressed proteins were identified by mass spectrometry, since they represent candidate biomarkers of cancer cell responses to CDK inhibition and cellular pathways that are relevant to the anti-cancer activity of the CDKIs. Subsequently, we focused directly on these proteins in confirmatory studies using various techniques (including quantitative immunoblotting, immunocytochemistry and functional activity analyses) to demonstrate the validity of the proteomic results and extend our knowledge of the CDKI effects.
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