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Structuralism and Concept of Discourse in the Work of Paul Ricoeur
Skoumal, Petr ; Borecký, Felix (advisor) ; Marcelli, Miroslav (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on structuralism and concept of discourse in the work of French philosopher Paul Ricoeur. The aim of the thesis is to show Ricoeur's effort to interconnect structuralism and hermeneutics and, after this, to treat how this interconnection works as a general paradigm of human sciences. The point of departure is Ricoeur's revision of Saussurean structural approach which divides language into language system (langue) and speaking (parole). Then, the concept of discourse is grounded and the thesis proceeds to problems of text. By using the concept of discourse for written forms of language (texts), Ricoeur introduces this term to his hermeneutical approach. Its interconnection with structuralism is made possible by circular dialectics of explanation and understanding in which structuralism is shown to be necessary for the hermeneutical knowledge. Ricoeur's hermeneutical thought is also characterised by movement from text to action. Ricoeur finds some parallels between them and between the interpretations of them. By this, he proceeds from hermeneutics of text to hermeneutics of action and presents his conclusions as a general paradigm of human sciences. These are said to have a hermeneutical nature. However, according to Ricoeur, the deep hermeneutical comprehension is...
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Système de la Mode by Roland Barthes: Critique of the Model and Limits of Application
Lorencová, Petra ; Šafaříková, Radana (advisor) ; Fišerová, Michaela (referee)
In this thesis we will try to explain and clarify the main concepts of R. Barthes's semiological method introduced in his book Système de la Mode. The key moments of his model will be confronted with critique of other authors such as J. Culler, T. Todorov or D. N. Rodowick. The principal aim of Barthes's book is to create a precise method which would lead the structural analysis of women's clothing described by fashion magazines. The author believes, that vestimentary features presented in fashion magazines are constituted into a system of signification. Barthes's main intention has been to reconstitute this system of meaning and to create a classification of written garment using linguistic approach and procedures. After considering the critique of the above-mentioned authors, we will try to apply Barthes's concepts to some examples of written garment, taken from current fashion magazines, in order to better understand author's semiological project.
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Narration as Principle of Individuation
Müller, Karel ; Hošek, Pavel (advisor) ; Bargár, Pavol (referee)
This thesis in the beginning explores various approaches to relation of human mind and language. It focuses concretely on contact of reader and literal work. It deals with theory language structures and their relation to the human view of the world. It treats of discipline about right understanding of text and his impact on human mind. The work explores narrative ability of recognition, relation of reader and text in light of structuralism, ability of filling meta-texts structures. Further it analyzes the significance of myth on human mind, its influence on society and henceforth its ritual use. Next the work is about relation of myth and fairy tale, about their similarity and difference and about mythical thinking in our current society. The last chapter is key part of the work, to where leads previous text. It explores individuation process and influence of narrative on its successful completion. In this part the work examines total influence of narrative on human soul and possibility of narrative psychotherapy and analyzes narration from the view of the depth psychology. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Cosmology and Exile in the Wider Yamato Court
Kroulík, Milan ; Zemánek, Marek (advisor) ; Kubovčáková, Zuzana (referee)
Milan Kroulík Exile and Cosmology in the Wider Yamato Court Abstract (in English): The aim of this paper is twofold. In the first part I try to understand the society of Japan around the turn of the 7th and 8th centuries (Asuka to early Nara periods) with the help of a model proposed by Mary Douglas. This analysis is concerned with history, social organization, religion and the cosmology found in the chronicles it produced. These chronicles represent the world-view of the imperial family of the Yamato state, which was one of many in Early Japan. I conclude that the social reality of the aristocracy of this state was rather unstable, competitive and somewhat individualistic. In the second part I analyze myth sequences from these earliest extant Japanese chronicles. In this structural analysis I employ the knowledge gathered in the first part. It enables me to read the motif of exile as bridging a fundamental problem in a competitive society. Namely, in order for a person to become an emperor, he has to be fierce and transgressive. However as an emperor, the same person represents structure par excellence and has to be the opposite of transgression. While in exile, the formerly ambivalent character transforms into an acceptable form. The study of two chronicles yields two results. In one chronicle (Kojiki)...
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Karbusický's semiotics of music
Pohludka, Radek ; Dykast, Roman (advisor) ; Stejskal, Jakub (referee)
This work retrieves an conception of musical semantics in the work of Vladimír Karbusický. It consists of three parts. The first one focused on Karbusický's works Beethovenův list "An die unsterbliche Geliebte" a jeho hudební dílo [Beehtoven's letter "An die unsterbliche Geliebte" and his musical work] from the year 1969 and Podstata umění [The essence of art] published in the same year, which presents characteristics of four components of arts situated into an quadripolar ontological model of arts. This model is motivated by the structuralism of Jan Mukařovský and by an asemantic nature of musical forms. The poles of this model represent a subject, an object, a material and a society, and create a web of relations between each other. This way they create a field of interaction governed by dynamical and energetic forces. The respective components arise from the relation of a subject to the other poles, and they are divided into semantic and asemantic ones. Among the semantic components we put a picture, an expression and a symbol; the asemantic components are defined by a game and a construction. The second part deals with Karbusický's critical attitudes to a theory of reflection, to an application of a one-sided semiotics to music, and to considering music and language the same. The theory of...
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Morphological Analysis of Folktales
Závodská, Barbora ; Šalanda, Bohuslav (advisor) ; Janeček, Petr (referee)
(in English) The Bachelor thesis deals with a topic of morphological analysis of folktales. Its main concern is a morphology of folktales as developed by Russian folklorist V. J. Propp. My aim is to introduce a methodology of this analysis, its pros and cons as well as polemic between Propp and Lévi-Strauss. The thesis is also concerned with so called Finnish school of folkloristics and its methodology. The question of both indices and criticism of Finnish school posed by Propp and his successors is discussed as well.
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Story and its "what" and "about what"
Špína, Michal ; Bílek, Petr (advisor) ; Pokorný, Martin (referee)
The thesis deals with the question of interpretation of narrative works of fiction in regard to what the text refers to (what is usually termed reference). On the work of three differently focused authors (Frege, Ortega y Gasset, Shklovsky) it studies reference pushed aside as a thing unimportant or even impossible in art. Structuralism, developing mainly in France after 1960, supplants these questions with exploring the literalness of literary works and their inner relations, allowing narratology to arise. Subsequently, Paul Ricoeur aims for the synthesis of structuralism and hermeneutics. Approaching literary work as discourse, he distinguishes the "what" and "what about" of works, following Frege's distinction between sense and reference (meaning), while reference of a work is not descriptive. In Time and Narrative he uses the term refiguration instead of reference and emphasizes the temporal aspect of literary work and its reception. The thesis is closed with a brief interpretation of Budapest, a novel by Chico Buarque (2003).
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Language and Totalitarianism
Váňa, Tomáš ; Mlejnek, Josef (advisor) ; Kučera, Jan (referee)
The thesis Language and totalitarianism deals with the relation between these two phenomena. On the basis of key thinkers dealing with totalitarianism it formulates its own definition of totalitarianism. It presents the communication theory of Karl Wolfgang Deutsch, on which basis it points to the close relation between communication and political systems, concretely between language and totalitarianism. Language is analysed mainly on the thoughts of Ferdinand de Saussure and Ludwig Wittgenstein. Totalitarian language is explained using mainly Orwell's totalitarian language newspeak in 1984. A practical analysis of a sample of Rudé právo fram the era of the communist regime in Czechoslovakia in the years 1948-1989 shows its manifestations in real use. At the end of the thesis political correctness is introduced as an example of totalitarian tendencies in liberal democracies.
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Time in Film. Comparison of the Conception of Jan Mukařovský and Gilles Deleuze
Kadlecová, Vladimíra ; Fišerová, Michaela (advisor) ; Michalovič, Peter (referee)
The topic of my diploma thesis is a comparison of speculation about a film from two perspectives. Firstly, it deals with the approach of Jan Mukařovský, a Czech structuralist, who was one of the first in the Czech context to explore the time concept in a film. Secondly, it considers the approach of Gillese Deleuze, who was accredited with the new view on the time-image in a film, however, much later than Jan Mukařovský. The aim of the paper is to explain the way the approaches of Mukařovský and Deluze relate to other approaches of thinking about time in films, the influence of other concepts of their time that they both theoretically based their views on, as well as specifying the films that became the starting points of exploring the time in films. The method of comparison is divided into three aspects, as three comparison levels.
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