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Etiology and mechanisms of pathogenesis of congenital neural crest disorders
Poštulková, Adéla ; Fábik, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Krylov, Vladimír (referee)
The neural crest is an extensively migrating population of cells found only in vertebrates. It is formed in the dorsal part of the neural tube during the early embryonic development by a process called neurulation, in which the neural plate forms and the neuroepithelium subsequently sinks into the embryo. Neural crest cells detach during development and then migrate through the body to their final destinations, where they differentiate into various mesenchymal and non-mesenchymal cell types (derivatives) under the influence of signals. These derivatives include tissues of the peripheral nervous system, tissues of the endocrine system, pigment cells, facial bones, and other connective tissues. Defective migration of neural crest cells and disruption of their differentiation leads to maldevelopment of the neural crest cells derivatives, and to development a group of syndromes known as neurocristopathies, which include a wide range of malformations. The aim of this thesis is to summarize the current knowledge about individual neural crest diseases and syndromes such as Hirschsprung's disease, Treacher-Collins syndrome, piebaldism and neurofibromatosis, their causes, mechanisms of pathogenesis and possible treatment options. Key words: Neural crest, migration, differentiation, neurocristopathies,...
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Treatment and drug development against free-living pathogenic amoebae
Jankovcová, Klára-Marie ; Mach, Jan (advisor) ; Vinopalová, Martina (referee)
Free-living pathogenic amoebae are cosmopolitan unicellular eukaryotic organisms, which can cause several serious infections in humans and animals. They are causative agents of amoebic encephalitis, which are very rare and acute diseases of the central nervous system, that almost always lead to the death of the patient. Even though the importance of these pathogens has been increasing in recent years, the development of treatment procedures and drugs against them is very ineffective and unsatisfactory. Treatment and drug development is complicated mainly because of the complex biological structure of pathogens and limited knowledge of metabolic pathways and the biochemical reactions that are occurring in them, which are crucial for the development of effective drugs. In this bachelor thesis I focus on the pathogenic species Naegleria fowleri, Balamuthia mandrillaris and the pathogenic genus Acanthamoeba, which is the causative agent of encephalitis and acanthamoeba keratitis. In the first part of this bachelor thesis, I generally characterize the different representatives of free- living pathogenic amoebae and describe the clinical picture of individual diseases. In the second part I address the issue of treatment. Firstly, I describe current therapeutic options and issues of the treatment of...
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History of services in the care of persons using psychoactive substances in the Marianna Oranžská Psychiatric Hospital
Kolompárová, Lada ; Šejvl, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Barták, Miroslav (referee)
Background: Marianna Oranžská Psychiatric Hospital was established in 1954 and is an important device that operates in treating persons using psychoactive substances. The concept of the device was constantly modernized, modified and nowadays it is a facility providing a wide range of addiction services. The hospital has built a reputation and is sought after by clients from all over the Czech Republic. Aims: Creation of a comprehensive description of the historical development of the facilities and services provided in the Marianna Oranžská Psychiatric Hospital from the establishment of the facility in 1954 to the present. Methods: This bachelor's thesis used qualitative research, including a content analysis of historical sources and professional publications that were thematically related to the relevant facility. Data from historical sources were processed using open coding. Results: In 1954 a Psychiatric Hospital was established in the village of Bílá voda with three wards, one of which was anti-alcohol. The first director of the hospital was MUDr. Bohumil Podařil until 1981, after which MUDr. Jiří Vařeka took his place. During his tenure, the concept of the hospital changed and the character of treatment became more like a detention center or an asylum. In 1986 MUDr. Eugen Skula became the...
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Treatment options for untreatable amoeba Naegleria fowleri
Veselý, Martin ; Mach, Jan (advisor) ; Arbon, Dominik (referee)
Naegleria fowleri is a free-living protist which can penetrate the body of a previously healthy person and cause meningoencephalitis. The rapid course, disproportionately strong immune response and the lack of effective drugs are the reasons why this disease almost always ends fatally. Due to the relative rarity of this disease, it is not lucrative for pharmaceutical companies to develop a completely new drug. The only way to search for effective drugs is to test those that have already been approved for another purpose. However, clinical tests are not possible due to the low morbidity and rapid course of the disease, and research in this area is thus limited to animal models of the disease and evaluation of the effect of drugs against the pathogen in vitro. Currently used medication includes drugs that are highly toxic or poorly penetrate the site of inflammation. In the future, more effective chemotherapy against N. fowleri and more gentle towards patient could be used. This work summarizes knowledge about pathogenic amoeba, currently used drugs and presents new experimentally tested therapeutics.
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Case Study of Physiotherapeutic Care of a Patient after Stabilization of the Acromioclavicular joint.
Čamr, František ; Novotná, Irena (advisor) ; Šachová, Dana (referee)
v Abstract Author: František Čamr Supervisor: Mgr. Irena Novotná Title: Case study of physiotherapeutic care of a patient after stabilization of the acromioclavicular joint. Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to present a case study of physiotherapeutic care of a patient after stabilization of acromioclavicular joint, to provide a theoretical introduction to the issue and to prove the effect of selected physiotherapeutic methods and procedures in practice. Methods: This thesis was prepared during a continuous professional practice at the clinic of the Centre for Treatment of the Musculoskeletal System in the period from 9. 1. 2023 to 3. 2. 2023. The case report of physiotherapy care of the patient consists of a medical history, initial kinesiological examination, on the basis of which a short-term and long- term therapeutic plan was determined. Nine therapeutic units were performed, ending with an exit kinesiological examination and an assessment of the effect of therapy. Results: During nine therapies, the patient's physical condition improved. The improvements were mainly in range of motion in the shoulder joint, increased muscle strength, and improved movement patterns and activities of daily living. Conclusion: The above bachelor's thesis demonstrates that effective physiotherapy can return a patient...
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Potential of mesenchymal stem cells and nanoparticles in the treatment of retinal disorders
Kettner, Ondřej ; Heřmánková, Barbora (advisor) ; Filová, Eva (referee)
Retinal degenerative diseases are recognized worldwide as one of the predominant causes underlying irreversible visual impairment and even blindness. The current standard treatment has helped in both the prevention and supportive treatment of several pathologies, especially if they relate to the retina. However, many of these methods are rather invasive in terms of procedure with the subsequent possibility of infection, inflammation or even retinal detachment with the potential risk of vision loss. These restrictions represent a significant cost to patients' quality of life and also have an economic impact on the healthcare system, so new treatment options are being sought. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising cell therapy tool for the treatment of many previously untreatable defects and diseases. In addition to MSCs, the use of nanoparticles and nanofibrous carriers is currently being studied in the diagnosis and therapy of retinal diseases. Combining the immunomodulatory and regenerative properties of MSCs and nanotechnologies offers a promising therapeutic strategy for a number of diseases. This thesis is therefore devoted to the current state of the use of nanomaterials, MSCs and their combination that may provide new opportunities in the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases.
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Case study of Physiotherapy Treatment of a Patient after reconstruction of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Irani, Aryan ; Maršáková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Nováková, Tereza (referee)
Title: Case study of physiotherapy treatment of a patient after reconstruction of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament. Thesis Aim: The aim of this thesis is to understand the theoretical background of anterior cruciate ligament ruptures, surgery and rehabilitation. Further, it aims to analyse the effect of therapeutical procedures that were applied to the patient. Clinical Findings: This study evaluated the state of a 34 year old professional male football player after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament on the right knee. The examination showed findings of reduced range of motion, reduced mobility of joints, differences in the conditions of muscles and soft tissue and decreased stability in the right lower extremity. Methods: The methods used for this study were based on the knowledge gained and the literature that was provided to me by the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University in Prague. Result: The patient that I have worked with progressed very well after the 10 therapy sessions. Progress was seen in terms of his range of motion, muscle strength and stability in the right lower extremity. Additionally, all the therapies used were seen to be effective in the patient's diagnosis. Conclusion: The therapies used were beneficial and effective in the specific diagnosis...
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The influence of manual therapy of cervical spine and temporomandibular joint on tinnitus.
Sakr, Mohamad ; Malá, Jitka (advisor) ; Vláčilová, Ivana (referee)
To assess the effectiveness of physical interventions for cervicogenic and temporomandibular joints to reduce Tinnitus. Moreover, this systematic review will assess various physical therapy and optimal tinnitus management approaches. Methodology A systematic review of potential literature was performed following PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive electronic search across PubMed, CINAHL, Science Direct, Embase, Cochrane library, and Scopus from 1991 to October 2022. I assessed the standard mean difference of intervention within and between the studies. The quality assessment of randomized and non-randomized control trials is performed using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale respectively. Results Nine studies were included in this systematic review (1 cohort and 8 clinical trials). 470 patients were included overall. I used Visual analog scale (5 studies), Tinnitus handicap inventory (4 studies) and self-design questionnaires (3 studies) to describe the results. Different manual therapies were used to intervene and all of them showed statistically significant effect in improving subjective tinnitus in patients. Conclusion The results of this systematic review suggested a favorable role of manual therapy for the management of tinnitus. Prominent change in the pain...
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