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Human papillomavirus - prevention of cervical cancer and awareness of high school students about HPV viruses and their prevention
Dinga, Jana ; Thorovská, Alena (advisor) ; Zvírotský, Michal (referee)
This bachelor thesis is mainly focused on human papillomaviruses (HPV viruses), cervical cancer and primary prevention against HPV viruses. In the theoretical part, basic information about these viruses is described - from their history, epidemiology, risk factors that support the spread of viruses, to the ways of transmission of HPV infection and the division of HPV viruses according to their level of danger. The work also describes selected diseases caused by HPV viruses. Specifically, the work describes "less serious" genital warts (their epidemiology and incidence, mode of transmission and the way to treat or prevent this disease). A significant part of the work is devoted to cervical cancer as a disease caused by high-risk types of HPV viruses. The course of the disease and its individual phases are described in the thesis - from precancerous stages of cervical cancer to cervical cancer itself. A significant part of the work is devoted to the epidemiology of this disease and especially the possibilities of prevention against it (primary prevention, secondary prevention, etc.). In the research part, using the quantitative research method, I devised a questionnaire that was intended for high school students from the first to the fourth grade. Using the analysis of the results of the...
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Issues of lung CT screening for smokers
POKORNÁ, Miroslava
The communication deals with the evaluation of the benefits of the Pilot Programme "CT screening of smokers' lungs". The objectives and methodology include a theoretical study of the anatomy of the airways and the emerging issues of lung cancer, smoking dependence, low dose CT chest scanning techniques, National Radiological Standards and the issues of the target group of smokers and their involvement in investigation and treatment at specialist centres. The research was conducted through a questionnaire survey of 50 smokers (total 25 questions) and 41 physicians (total 18 questions). As a result, it was found that smokers' patients' awareness of the program is not sufficient, mainly due to their lack of interest in CT scanning and treatment options for the consequences of smoking and their unwillingness to actively cooperate with health professionals in their health care, including their refusal to give up the smoking habit. The outcome of the survey of physicians is good awareness and commitment to the implementation of the Pilot Programme, but they are limited in numbers and workload. The survey shows that the Pilot Programme is beneficial to the population. Therefore, it could prospectively be implemented by a larger number of health facilities in our country as part of a screening programme and thus contribute to improving the health status of the population. It was also found that the Hospital Jindřichův Hradec a.s. meets the requirements and could be included in the Pilot Programme.
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Clinico-pathological characteristics of mucin-producing colorectal carcinoma
Sojka, Ladislav ; Levý, Miroslav (advisor) ; Boublíková, Ludmila (referee) ; Klos, Dušan (referee)
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide with persistently high mortality. As a consequence, high demands are placed on research into this disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology of colorectal carcinoma in the Czech Republic in comparison with worldwide data. We focused on the evaluation of the latest findings in screening and diagnosis, investigated prognostic factors, and also focused on the therapeutic options of CRC. Furthermore, mucin-producing carcinomas are described in detail and mucin itself was confirmed as a risk factor for the prognosis of CRC patients. The experimental part of the study focused on gene mucin MUC13 and the MUC13 - miR-4647 axis, which is associated with adverse prognosis in CRC patients. Samples of CRC and samples of adjacent non-malignant mucosa tissue were used. The samples were collected from patients who underwent surgery at the General University Hospital in Prague, at the Thomayer University Hospital in Prague and at the University Hospital in Pilsen (Czech Republic). The collection of samples took place between 2011 and 2015. The total of 187 samples were collected from patients with sporadic colorectal cancer. The subjects of the study all provided information on their lifestyle habits, body mass index...
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Screening of carriage of group B (GBS) Streptococcus in pregnant women
ŽIŽKOVÁ, Johana
In the theoretical part of my bachelor thesis, I first focus on the topic of genitourinary infections. I also mention infections that occur in men, then I deal mainly with infections of the genitourinary tract of a woman. I also mention sexually transmitted diseases. Then I go straight to the topic of my bachelor thesis, where I deal with Streptococcus agalactiae bacteria and its screening. The practical part is devoted to the adoption of methods that are used to determine the presence of Streptococcus agalactiae. The whole practical part was carried out in the microbiological laboratory SYNLAB s.r.o. in České Budějovice. The methods of common cultivation were used, cultivation that took place after multiplication of the pathogen in Todd Hewitt Broth + Antibiotics. If Streptococcus agalactiae was detected during cultivation, another test had to be carried out to ensure that this is indeed the pathogen. MALDI-TOF MS is the most frequent determinant, but latex agglutination, CAMP test or API 20 STREP biochemical test can also be used. During the research, 100 samples were processed, which were subjected to normal cultivation and then cultivation according to the recommended procedure, where the swab is incubated in the Todd Hewitt Broth + Antibiotics for 24 hours. Of the 100 samples, the positivity was shown to us after the first cultivation in 14 cases, after multiplication in the broth, another 5 were revealed. From the obtained data and data from the last 3 years provided by the laboratory, I compiled statistics, which I further compared with nationwide data. The aim of my bachelor thesis was to get acquainted with the issue of genitourinary infections and the possibilities of their laboratory diagnosis. I performed the examination of a group of patients by bacteriological cultivation of vaginal swabs and further cultivation after multiplication in the Todd Hewitt Broth + Antibiotics. Subsequently, I compared the results of these two methods and compared the results of the laboratory with the frequency of positive findings with the nationwide data.
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Assassement of the Active Ingredient Delta-9 THC in Biological Marerial and Hemp Drugs
VONDRÁŠKOVÁ, Eliška
This bachelor's thesis deals with the matter of abusing hemp drugs and its products in the past as well as at present day. The thesis focuses on possible contributions to well-being of using hemp but also health risks, which come with the abuse of hemp and hemp drugs. The aim of this thesis is to partly chart the data about THC abuse from three South Bohemian hospitals. The hospitals are: the hospital of České Budějovice, the hospital of Písek and the hospital of Strakonice. The data involve the number of tests done in hospital facilities in order to confirm or to confute the presence of THC in biological material, most commonly in urine. The thesis describes preanalytical and analytical phase of sample treating where mistakes must be avoided. The bachelor's thesis is than occupied with the principles of the assessment of THC in biological material in both qualitative and quantitative ways of assessment of active ingredients. It contains findings gained during practice in a form of personal assistance and data from which is then made the conclusion of this thesis. The aim of this bachelor's thesis also involves charting of hemp abuse in a part of South Bohemian Region during past few years. This bachelor's thesis can serve as a base for those, who are interested in the discussed topic. Another contribution can be an extension of general knowledge amongst students and public, considering the curative benefits and the effect of hemp abuse at the same time. In the conclusion the bachelor's thesis concerns with how many tests were positive and how many were negative during the years charted in a certain hospital but also compares the hospitals mutually. It involves the development of hemp drug abuse through time in each region.
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Functional analysis of circadian clock gene timeless in temperature compensation mechanism
SINGH, Samarjeet
This thesis is focussed on investigating the role of the circadian clock gene timeless in the temperature compensation mechanism in Drosophila melanogaster. To conduct the studies presented in this thesis advanced gene editing technique, CRISPR/Cas9, was used to target timeless and to create a variety of mutations. Application of various reverse genetics tools and behavioural methods described here contributed to the elucidation of timeless role in temperature compensation of the circadian clock.
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Pulse Check in Pharmacies IV
Kameníková, Andrea ; Malá, Kateřina (advisor) ; Mareček, Aleš (referee)
Pulse check in pharmacies IV Supervisor: PharmDr. Kateřina Malá, Ph.D. Consultant: PharmDr. Anna Rejmanová, Ph.D. Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a serious arrhythmia that is also the most common heart rhythm disorder in our population and its incidence continues to rise. It can be a cause of high morbidity and mortality if it is not detected and treated in time. Unfortunately, almost one third of patients have an asymptomatic AF. Screening activities in pharmacies are a possible tool for early detection of hidden arrhythmias. Aim: The aim of the study was to measure heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) and to monitor some of the symptoms of AF in patients involved in screening for heart rhythm disorders in a community pharmacy. Methods: HR measurements took place for eight weeks (08-09/2021 and 12/2021-01/2022) in two community pharmacies in Doksy and Cvikov. Patients ≥ 55 years of age were offered the option of AF screening. First, the HR was measured by palpation. Subsequently, it was verified with a Veroval ECG device. BP was then measured with an Omron M6 Comfort pressure device. All measurements took place in a consultation room. An evaluation of selected symptoms, risk factors and...
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Pulse Check in Pharmacies III
Vasilišinová, Ivana ; Rejmanová, Anna (advisor) ; Mareček, Aleš (referee)
Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University Pulse check in pharmacies III Author: Ivana Vasilišinová Supervisor: PharmDr. Anna Rejmanová, Ph.D. Consultant: PharmDr. Kateřina Malá, Ph.D. Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common supraventricular arrhythmia. It is often asymptomatic. If left untreated, the patient is at significant risk of complications, especially of ischemic stroke (IS) and heart failure. These complications can be effectively prevented by early detection of AF and initiation of treatment. Population screening activities performed at pharmacies could serve as an useful tool for detection of latent arrhythmias. Objective: The aim of this diploma thesis was to analyze the heart rate, blood pressure, selected symptoms and risk factors for IS in real patient population and to raise their awareness in the field of heart rate monitoring. Methodology: The measurement took place in a public pharmacy at an outpatient clinic in Prague during the one-day campaign "Pharmacy Day" (18/6/2020) and subsequent data collection (12/2020-02/2021). During this time, education in atrial fibrillation, the heart rate and blood pressure measurement and also evaluation of the selected symptoms and risk factors for the possible future...
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Pulse Check in Pharmacies V
Zyková, Kateřina ; Rejmanová, Anna (advisor) ; Mareček, Aleš (referee)
1 Abstract Pulse check in pharmacies V Author: Kateřina Zyková Supervisor: PharmDr. Anna Rejmanová, Ph.D. Consultant: PharmDr. Kateřina Malá, Ph.D. Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University Introduction: Pharmacists are in close contact with patients on daily basis and can thus be involved in the detection of several diseases including atrial fibrillation (AF), the prevalence of which is still increasing. Aim: The aim of this study was to raise awareness of the possibility and meaning of heart rate monitoring to detect dysrhythmias, especially atrial fibrillation, to analyze the symptoms and risk factors of heart rhythm disorders, and to monitor blood pressure. A sub-objective was also to demonstrate the possibility of pharmacist involvement in measuring heart rate (HR) and searching for patients with previously undiagnosed heart rhythm abnormalities. Methods: The design was a prospective cross-sectional bicentric study. People aged ≥ 55 years without a history of chronic anticoagulant therapy were addressed between July 26 and August 6, 2021 at the regional hospital pharmacy, and on September 8, 2021, as part of the public awareness-raising campaign. Participants were asked about the presence of selected symptoms, associated diseases,...
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