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Phytoextraction of Benzodiazepines from Water Solutions
Grasserová, Alena ; Smrček, Stanislav (advisor) ; Soudek, Petr (referee)
Abstract, key words The aim of this thesis was to perform a phytoextraction experiment with benzodiazepines chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, alprazolam and bromazepam on corn plant (Zea mays). After 14 days of growing of sterile cultivation, new medium (Murashige and Skoog) contaminated with benzodiazepine was added. The starting concentration of benzodiazepine was 10 mg · l-1. After every 24 hours, a sample of medium was collected. The actual concentration of benzodiazepine was measured on HPLC with UV detection. Extractable residues were also analysed to find out whether the benzodiazepine is being translocated to the upper parts of the plant. The same HPLC conditions were used for these samples. The greatest phytoextraction efficiency (the amount of drug extracted by 1 gram of biomass in 24 hours) was observed for chlordiazepoxide, followed by bromazepam, alprazolam and diazepam respectively. The extractable residues analysis confirmed the translocation to the upper parts of the plant for every of the benzodiazepines tested. That indicates a threat for the animals through the food chain contamination. Key words: phytoremediation, phytoextraction, benzodiazepines, extractable residuals, HPLC.
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The study of interactions of drug residues with higher plants
Štrosová, Sofie ; Smrček, Stanislav (advisor) ; Soudek, Petr (referee)
Psychotropic agents are currently commonly used drugs. Their consumption increases dramatically, thus increasing the possibility of environmental contamination. Although these substances are largely metabolized, some of them are excreted through urine into municipal wastewater. Wastewater treatment plants only partially remove these micropolutants. Water effluent from wastewater treatment plants enter surface flows and through them pollutants are spread in the aquatic ecosystem and can contaminate terrestrial organisms. The interaction of drugs with plants provides us with information about the possible use of biotechnological decontamination technology - phytoremediation. In addition, the same process shows us the possibility of contamination of food chains of humans and animals, where these pollutants can cause changes in behavior and reproduction. The active substances trazodone and hydroxyzine are frequently prescribed drugs. The possibility of their phytoextraction and their uptake by the root system of corn plants (Zea mays) in an in vitro sterile model system was studied. Plants were cultivated on Murashige-Skoog medium. After adequate growth, medium with the studied pollutant with concentration 5 mg/L and 10 mg/L was added to the cultivations. The decrease in drug concentration in the...
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Factors affecting uptake and distribution of uranium in plants.
Krejčová, Daniela ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Tylová, Edita (referee)
Uranium is a radionuclide, which naturally occurs in Earth's soil in rather an insignificant amount. It is not very dangerous in such small concentration; however, this concentration is rising due to anthropogenic activity, therefore an estimation of its increase is at hand. It is necessary to research possibilities of not only effective, but also ecological extermination of this contamination. Phytoremediation could be an appropriate solution, but this method is still in its beginning stages when it comes to uranium contaminations. That's why we need to study influences of uranium on plants and find out to what extent are they suitable for phytoremediation of areas contaminated by uranium. Phytoremediation methods are based on the abilities of plants to receive and accumulate certain pollutants. The factors that influence the amount of uranium received by a plant can be divided into four groups: plant species, uranium's oxidation levels, pH of of the medium or the substrate and ligand, which is attached to the uranium (Mitchell, 2013). Transportation of uranium to the aboveground part of the plant is also a factor here. Plants need to deal with the accepted uranium; aside from the radiological risks resulting from the characteristics of radioisotope, uranium is also a heavy metal. Chemical...
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Environmental Effects of 223-Ra Radiopharmaceuticals
Krmelová, Tereza ; Smrček, Stanislav (advisor) ; Podlipná, Radka (referee)
Title: Environmental Effects of 223 Ra Radiopharmaceuticals Author: Tereza Krmelová Branch: Environmental chemistry Type of thesis: Diploma thesis Advisor: Doc. Ing. Stanislav Smrček, CSc Abstract: In thesis was studied the possibility of extracting the nanoparticles of titanium dioxide or hydroxyapatite with bounded 223 Ra by root system of tested plant species Avena sativa and Zea mays as a model for phytoremediation technologies. The thesis obtains data to assess the potential of residues radioactivity and nanomaterials entering the food chain. There was also verified an experiment of 223 Ra phytoextraction, in the form of nitrate, in effects on addition of EDTA, which was conducted in Bachelor thesis. This experiment was repeated because of its results, which were inconsistent with generally described phytoextraction efficiency improvements after adding the complexing agents. In this work was primary studied translocation of radioactive material from the root to shoot. Experimentally was confirmed the extraction of nanoparticles with bounded 223 Ra and translocation into shoot. In the case of Avena sativa, capturing of nanoparticles hydroxyapatite with bounded 223 Ra was 53 % of which 88 % of activity was recovered in roots and 12 % in shoots. Capturing nanoparticles of titanium dioxide with bounded 223...
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Phytoextraction of Selected Psychoactive Drugs
Grasserová, Alena ; Smrček, Stanislav (advisor) ; Petrová, Šárka (referee)
Abstract, key words Fluvoxamine is one of the most used psychoactive drugs nowadays. In human body at least nine metabolites are formed and only 4 % is excreted unmetabolised by urine. This substance can be harmful for the environment at very low concentrations already. The aim of this Bachelor thesis is to find out whether we can use phytoremediation to remove the fluvoxamine from the environment. Phytoextraction of the fluvoxamine was tested on in vitro cultivated Zea mays and Pisum sativum plants. Murashige-Skoog medium contaminated with the fluvoxamine was added to cultivations. Samples were collected every 24 hours and the concentration of the drug was determined by HPLC with UV detection at 235 nm. The average concentration decrease was 54,6 % for Zea mays and 37,6 % for Pisum sativum within 72 hours. In the case of Pisum sativum, the decrease of fluvoxamine showed a linear pattern. Key words: phytoremediation, phytoextraction, psychoactive drugs, fluvoxamine, HPLC.
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Residua of Drugs in the Evironment - Interaction with Higher Plants
Jirák, Jaroslav ; Smrček, Stanislav (advisor) ; Moša, Marek (referee)
- 4 - Abstract The aim of this study was to carry out phytoextraction experiments using corn plants (Zea mays) and determine the phytoextraction efficiency for specific non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs and carbamazepine and their combinations. After 10 days of growth, a nutrient solution containing ibuprofene, naproxene, diclofenac and carbamazepine in concentrations ranging from 5 to 10 mg/L was added to hydrophonically cultivated plants. Nutrient solution samples were taken every 24 hours and the samples were then analysed using a HPLC/DAD system. At the end of the experiment, the experimental plants and roots were analysed for extractable residua using HPLC/DAD + FLD. The greatest phytoextraction efficiency was found for ibuprofene. The second and third most effective extraction was observed for naproxene and diclofenac, depending on the evaluation criteria. The lowest phytoextraction efficiency was observed for carbamazepine. With multi-component experiments, lower phytoextraction efficiency was found out for all substances with the exception of ibuprofene in combination with diclofenac and carbamazepine. The toxic impact of ibuprofene on plant transport mechanisms was also proven. The extractable residua analysis confirmed the ibuprofene's toxicity on plant transport mechanisms and also the...
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Thorium as an environment stressor for plant growth.
Hrdinová, Aneta ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Podlipná, Radka (referee)
Thorium is an element belonging to heavy metals, which is characterized by its radioactivity similarly to uranium and radon. Thorium is not commonly used in industry, but becouse of its radioactive properties it has a great potentional for future use in nuclear energetics. Thus, increasing release of Th into the soil, water and atmosphere can be expected in near future and through plant biomass it could become a part of food chains and webs and, thus, to represent a considerable health risks to humans. Studies devoted to research on thorium and its effects on plants has not been published much yet. The majority of these studies focus mainly only on plant abilities to accumulate thorium and/or monitoring distribution of thorium in plant body. But till now, a study is still missing, which would monitor the effect of thorium on the physiological characteristics of plants. Plants of Nicotiana glutinosa (L.) medium Thorium accumulatin were hydroponically cultivated Hoagland nutrient media differedin the presence of thorium, tartaric acid, putrescine and phosphates. In first part of the present study I monitored accumulation of thorium by tobacco plants under the influence of the above-mentioned modifications of media. In the second part, I studied the Th effect on the photosynthetic apparatus (contents...
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