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The need of sleep of the patients in the Intensive Care
Svobodová, Karolína ; Hošťálková, Monika (advisor) ; Burišková, Klára (referee)
Diploma thesis deals with the problems of sleep of the patients in intensive care. Sleep is the very basic of human needs and its correct pattern is crucial for any activity of an organism. A person who is sick has an increased need for sleep and are among the most frustrated needs. The theoretical part defines sleep as a basic human need to deal with physiology and sleep disorders. I include a chapter dealing with intensive care and aspects of the environment that affect sleep of the patients. The main objective is to determine whether the need for sleep of the patients is saturated or not. I also set milestones as to gain information regarding patients sleeping pattern at home.To find out, what influence nurses in approaching sleep as a matter and to look for factors that have an influence of some sort from the nurses point of view regarding the sleeping pattern same as from the patients view of the matter. In the empirical part, I reached the set goals through interviews and questionnaires. Thanks to interviews with patients, I discovered that need of sleep of patients in intensive care is not saturated.Out of the 30 respondents I interviewed, 17 of them therefore deemed their sleep as poor and insufficient. I also worked out the factors that have the greatest negative effect on the need of...
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Current options for pharmacotherapy of anxiety and sleep disorders
Böhmová, Kateřina ; Vokřál, Ivan (advisor) ; Skálová, Lenka (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Kateřina Böhmová Supervisor: prof. MUDr. Hrdina Radomír, CSc., PharmDr. Bc. Kotolová Hana, Ph.D., PharmDr. Vokřál Ivan, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Current options for pharmacotherapy of anxiety and sleep disorder Anxiety and sleep disorders belong to common medical conditions. Anxiety attacks are recurring unpleasant emotional states. Sleep disorders are characterized by an insufficient or excessive amount of sleep or its poor quality, which persist for a significant time period. These common disorders represent an important medical and socioeconomic problem. Opinions about etiopathogenesis and classification are constantly evolving. Complex treatment includes mostly removing the cause, lifestyle changes, psychotherapy, and pharmacotherapy. Antidepressants from SSRI or SNRI group are considered to be the drugs of the first choice in frequent anxiety disorders. The treatment of insomnia depends mainly on the type of disorder. Hypnotics should be reserved especially for short-term and transient forms of insomnia, the treatment of which must be started as soon as possible together with the cognitive component and the elimination of the primary cause of this insomnia. In the chronic...
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Automated diagnosis of sleep disorders using wearable devices
Sigmund, Jan ; Mekyska, Jiří (referee) ; Mikulec, Marek (advisor)
Sleep disorders induce many negative repercussions. Furthermore, research about their connection to cognitive health is increasing in numbers. This thesis concerns detection of poor sleep quality via raw actigraphy data. Existing method for assessing sleep was selected, it’s performance was validated against polysomnography on 27 patients. Used algorithm defines sleep as the absence of change in arm angle. Resulting 81 % sensitivity, 62 % specificity and 78 % accuracy is different from the outcome in the pilot study. Two approaches, to determine sleep quality were used. Both are based on comparing sleep features – first, with National Sleep Foundation recommendations and second, with control group without sleep disorders (7 persons). The goal was to pinpoint the remaining 19 patients with diagnosis. The recommendation for SOL, WASO, NA>5 and SE had higher sensitivity (75 %), lower specificity (71 %) and identical accuracy (74 %). These approaches were then also tested on 7-day actigraphy, consisting of 27 subjects, that are presumed to have prodromal dementia with Lewy bodies. Same principle was applied to try to predict LBD and thereby address the link between sleep quality and neurodegeneration. This resulted in 86 % sensitivity, 38 % specificity and 63 % accuracy. With regard to achieving solid sensitivity in all cases and good accuracy this could be used to indicate sleep quality.
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Influence of aromatherapy on quality of sleep
SATTRANOVÁ, Anna
Problems with sleep and sleep disorders is now becoming a more current issue. Therefore, this thesis maps the most common sleeping problems and their solutions. It also tries to find out the problems of sleeping and proposes to use aromatherapy as a helping solution for sleep disorders. The work consists of a theoretical part in which is described the physiology of sleep, sleep disorders, sleep biorhythms, aspects affecting sleeping, medical examination and treatment options for sleep disorders. Furthermore, the theoretical part describes the aromatherapy and its usage as a solution for sleep disorders. In the second part of the thesis, the practical part, there are There are results of an anonymous survey which discovered the most common sleep disorders, the way in which they are commonly treated, frequency of use of aromatherapy and its sleep-quality-improving effect. The results of the research are processed in charts and tables, and are supplemented by a verbal commentary. The thesis aims to suggest aromatherapy as a possible solutions to worsening sleep.
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Sleep disorder as a risk factor for the development of diabetes mellitus type 2
Gorbunovová, Eva ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (advisor) ; Fikrová, Petra (referee)
Author: Eva Gorbunovová Title: Sleep disorder as a risk factor for the development of diabetes mellitus type 2 Diploma thesis Charles' University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Field: Pharmacy Background: The aim of this thesis with the help of available domestic and foreign literature is to analyze the impact of sleep disorders on the development of Diaberes Mellitus type II. Main findings: In our work we show the basic characteristics of sleep disorders and diabetes mellitus. We focused on some of the factors which were demonstrated to affect the metabolism. It was found that chronic sleep disorders lead to the increased production of cortisol which in a long term affects the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins and also influences the development of insulin resistance. As a result of sleep disorders is also the reduction of the concentration of leptin, resulting in increased appetite. Studies conducted on mice show that due to increased levels of ghrelin, as a result of sleep disorders, there is also an increase in food intake. Increased levels of ghrelin increases the secretion of growth hormone and orexins, hormones that also affect metabolism. Sleep disorders can affect the levels of cytokines, especially, IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α, which are produced in the organism in...
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Interventions of Nurses in Relation to the Prevention of Sleep Deprivation of Patients Hospitalized at the Intensive
Růžičková, Martina ; Jirkovský, Daniel (advisor) ; Vaňková, Milena (referee)
There are many studies about problematic of sleep connected with shift work. However, only few studies devoted to the conditions for good rest and sleep in patients hospitalized in intensive care units. Insufficient or poor quality sleep and relaxation are the most common problems reported by patients that were hospitalized at intensive care units (ICU). Sleep is one of the basic biological needs of human. Sleep deficit can lead to psychical and psychological dysfunction that can affect the healing process. The diploma thesis is dealing with sleeping issues of patients hospitalized especially at intensive care units. The aim of the study is to determining the opinions of nurses that work at intensive care units on meeting the needs relating with sleep and rest of hospitalized patients and mapping, what interventions they use to prevent of occurrence of difficulties in this area. The theoretical part at first describes physiology of sleep and biological rhythms, then sleep disorders, then factors affecting sleep along with the consequences of the lack of sleep and last nursing process for patients with sleep disorder. The empirical part presents the results of questionnaire survey and then results of executed statistical analysis. Established hypothesis not have been assumed in results of survey...
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Sleep Problems in Children and Adolescents
Pomykalová, Veronika ; Pavlasová, Lenka (advisor) ; Vančata, Václav (referee)
( Sleep Problems in Children and Adolescents ) The main topic of the thesis is the issue of sleep in children and adolescents. The theoretical part deals with the physiology of sleep and sleep disorders. The practical part were processed by means of qualitative and quantitative research . The aim of our thesis and our research was to determine the incidence of sleep disorders in different age categories. The aim of the qualitative part was to determine the causes and effects of sleep disorders in children and adolescents. In practice , the qualitative part certainly importance , especially for teachers , case reports indicate that some other sleep disorders affect child development , behavior and school performance. In this thesis we compare the quantitative survey targeted four designated groups of children . One group of preschool children are 1-6 years old . The second group consists of a sample of pupils of primary school 7 - 11 years . The penultimate group of children at the elementary school , aged 12 - 15 years. The last group are secondary school students aged 16-18 years . At the beginning of quantitative research, we set three hypotheses. Hypothesis 1 were not confirmed . Our research shows that pupils of primary schools suffer from sleepwalking more (9%) than children of preschool age...
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