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Equal treatment and non-discrimination in employment relations
Malý, Štěpán ; Štangová, Věra (advisor) ; Tomšej, Jakub (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the principle of equal treatment and non-discrimination in employment relations, with the aim of summarising current issues in this area together with examples from practice, particularly in the context of CJEU decisions. The author also attempts to provide suggestions on how to improve the situation and to summarise the legislation that is applicable in such cases. The first part of the diploma thesis deals with the definition of terms related to the issue and used in the thesis. These are mainly the concepts of equality, discrimination, harassment or mobbing and bossing. Of course, the thesis also includes legal regulations, including Czech, European and international law. The core of the thesis is the analysis of the discriminatory grounds themselves, with the main part devoted to discrimination on the basis of gender and race, ethnic origin and nationality. In the context of gender discrimination, in addition to unequal pay or transgender issues, attention is also paid to sports, where the author emphasises that even in the case of seemingly unequal pay, such treatment can be objectively fair. In the context of discrimination on the grounds of race, ethnic origin and nationality, the central part of this chapter was devoted to discrimination against the Roma...
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Comparison of national public policies of Roma integration in Central Europe
Tuzar, Vojtěch ; Perottino, Michel (advisor) ; Říchová, Blanka (referee)
The societies of most European countries, especially those in Central Europe, are plagued by a high incidence of social and civic exclusion of Roma. The living situation of a significant part of the Roma community is a long-standing human rights challenge for modern welfare states. Since the collapse of the bipolar world, with the flowering of liberal values of equality, it has been assumed that Roma would be relatively swiftly integrated into mainstream society and that unjustified disparities in access to public services would be eliminated. Over the last thirty years, all states affected by significant levels of exclusion of the Roma minority have attempted to address this sensitive issue through a wide range of policies, but without any relevant and lasting impact. The present thesis examines national public policies in the field of Roma minority inclusion in Slovakia, Poland, and Czech Republic and Hungary in the current period. The main objective of the thesis is to compare the national integration policies of selected Central European countries by applying Actor-centred Institutionalism Theory and the A-A-A Model. The result of the scientific research is to present a comparative overview study that will generally reveal parallels and discrepancies in the states approach to Roma exclusion and...
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Sexual harassment and other forms of harassment at a workplace
Jíchová, Leona ; Koldinská, Kristina (advisor) ; Matějka Řehořová, Lucie (referee)
Sexual harassment and other forms of harassment at a workplace Abstract This thesis focuses on the issue of sexual harassment and other forms of harassment within the framework of employment relations. It addresses sexual harassment, which can be considered as one of the most serious forms of harassment, as well as a type of discrimination that represents an unwanted, intense and crucial interference in the working life of a harassed person. The aim of this thesis is to analyse the importance of adequate prevention in individual workplaces, the relevance of establishing applicable control mechanisms to ensure compliance with set rules and the inadequacy of the currently provided protection for victims. This thesis proposes possible corrections and tools that should ideally be applied in workplaces and their compliance should be enforced and monitored by state authorities. Moreover, it is gradually supported by related judgements on the matter. The premises and hypotheses are compared with the results of various surveys and studies. The main chapters contain suggestions and considerations aimed at improving the current situation. This thesis is divided into seven chapters. The individual chapters are structured in such a way that the reader first gains a theoretical understanding of the issue and is thus...
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Comparison of national public policies of Roma integration in Central Europe
Tuzar, Vojtěch ; Perottino, Michel (advisor) ; Říchová, Blanka (referee)
The societies of most European countries, especially those in Central Europe, are plagued by a high incidence of social and civic exclusion of Roma. The living situation of a significant part of the Roma community is a long-standing human rights challenge for modern welfare states. Since the collapse of the bipolar world, with the flowering of liberal values of equality, it has been assumed that Roma would be relatively swiftly integrated into mainstream society and that unjustified disparities in access to public services would be eliminated. Over the last thirty years, all states affected by significant levels of exclusion of the Roma minority have attempted to address this sensitive issue through a wide range of policies, but without any relevant and lasting impact. The present thesis examines national public policies in the field of Roma minority inclusion in Slovakia, Poland, and Czech Republic and Hungary in the current period. The main objective of the thesis is to compare the national integration policies of selected Central European countries by applying Actor-centred Institutionalism Theory and the A-A-A Model. The result of the scientific research is to present a comparative overview study that will generally reveal parallels and discrepancies in the states approach to Roma exclusion and...
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Representation of women in parliamentary political parties in the Czech Republic and in France since 2017
Součková, Alžběta ; Perottino, Michel (advisor) ; Guasti, Petra (referee)
This thesis focuses on parliamentary political parties in the Czech Republic and in France in the period since the 2017 legislative elections in both countries. It looks at the different attitudes and approaches of political parties towards women's representation. In addition to the historical context of the two countries and each political party, it also presents the long-term factors that influence the representation of women in political parties. Such factors include a country's political culture, the existence of women's party organizations, or the intra-party setting of quotas for women's representation. Institutional arrangements set from outside are also an important factor, with the parity law having impact on French political parties. The following analysis of different political environments attempts to capture these and other factors affecting women's representation and their practical manifestations. First, the party positions in the period under study are analyzed, followed by the candidate lists for the 2017 legislative elections and the results of these elections, i.e. the ratio of male and female occupancy of parliamentary seats and senior positions. Next, the elections to the upper chambers and women running for the office of the President of the Republic are approached. The...
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Rousseau and his Influence on the French Revolution
Pravda, Petr ; Znoj, Milan (advisor) ; Šimsa, Martin (referee)
The "rigorózní" thesis focuses on the evaluation of Rousseau's legacy. It is based on the confrontation of two adverse pictures of his ideas. The first image sees Rousseau as a thinker who prepared with his original concepts fertile ground for diverse undemocratic regimes and ideologies. These always declare their allegiance to the loftiest ideals but only to perpetrate the biggest crimes and to deprive people of their liberty. The second image sees in Rousseau an uncompromising critic of social injustice who saw the only possibility for redemption in liberty and equality. In this case he was one of the most important thinkers who inspired people on the road to the victory of democracy and an author whose original ideas still keep to inspire and to fascinate. I argue in favor of the second picture. Rousseau's critique of the moral crisis is based on the disunity of modern social man. This disunity stems from the incessant conflict between our natural nature and the social state. Rousseau saw the only solution in the adaptation of the original nature to the new social state. This can be achieved only through an affective bond to a political whole. Just so can man keep his liberty which represents the basic value of his existence. In society it is no more a case of absolute freedom but of conscious obedience...
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Family economics in Sweden
Wdowyczynová, Lucie ; Mlčoch, Lubomír (advisor) ; Rečka, Lukáš (referee)
The Swedish form of the welfare state has a long history and is known especially for its generous social policy financed mainly from exceptionally high tax levies. At the beginning the Bachelor Thesis Family economics in Sweden shows the general relation between family and economics, and then it focuses on family policy in Sweden and puts it into the context of the development and the present form of the welfare state. It also explores the important sub-components of the Swedish system, which affect family policy and other family trends. The work among other things illustrates how high fertility combined with high rates of labour market participation and knowledge-based economy can be supported in Europe. At the same time, however, it stresses that the differences in social policy in various European countries are caused by many cultural, social and economic factors, and therefore their mutual comparison and unification is limited. Yet, while considering new reforms, we can at least learn from experience of other countries or take them as an example. This thesis also highlights the disadvantages of the Swedish model.
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The conception of multiple discrimination in the legal regulation of the European Union
Tóthová, Tímea ; Scheu, Harald Christian (advisor) ; Koldinská, Kristina (referee)
Resumé The conception of multiple discrimination in the legal regulation of the European Union To ensure the equality of individuals in society is one of the most marvelous human ideals. It is generally admitted that the same treatment of people with regard to the acceptance of diversity and between-group differences should be the cornerstone of any modern society. However, is it possible to achieve full equality in society? And what does equality truely mean? Treating everyone in the same way or taking into account the different starting points of individuals? Nowadays we become witnesses that the initial large openness to multiculturalism related to the continuing process of globalization is replaced by a more cautious approach to the different minority groups. As a result, certain groups are exposed to a greater risk of disadvantage mainly due to a combination of different socio-cultural, ethnic, economic and other factors. The aim of my essay is to shed light on the question of equal treatment and non- discrimination law through the relatively new, but in Czech and Central European literature still rarely discussed concept of multiple discrimination. After highlighting the definition of discrimination, the various approaches to equality and other theoretical aspects of discrimination, I am also trying...
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Reflections on the gospels from the perspective of selected texts of feminist theology
Majerová, Kateřina ; Knotková - Čapková, Blanka (advisor) ; Kobová, Ĺubica (referee)
The master thesis Reflection of gospels from the view of choosen feminist theological texts is situated do the context of christian feminist theology, specifically in the framework of feminist theology of liberation. It's focused especially on the texts of feministic protestant theologists Jana Opočenská and Dorothee Solle, mainly on texts which are related to the choosen parts of the gospels. The theoretical part is aimed especially on the theoretical and methodological basics which includes besides others the major concepts of feminist theories of gender stereotypes and the sex-gender system. The attention is also paid to the concepts of feminist theology with main focus to the thesis of relatedness and mutuality exercised in the field of exegesis of Biblical texts, anthropology nad christology. In this part of thesis is also mentioned the biographical context of the canonical gospels origin including its follow-up interpretation by the prism of texts written by feminist-theological authors mentioned above. The analytical part of the thesis is aimed on two concrete moments of gospels and their interpretation through the texts of Jana Opočenská and Dorothee Solle, considering the theoretical and methodological basis. Through the gender focused method of qualitative content analysis is subsequently...
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Gender quotas in politics
Mottlová, Markéta ; Bíba, Jan (advisor) ; Znoj, Milan (referee)
The main claim of my thesis is that demand of higher representation of women in politics and calling for quotas are legitimate. This claim is based on theoretical framework of descriptive and group representation. Essentialism is rejected in the line of reasoning in favour of more women in politics. Instead, current disadvantage of women and social and institutional barriers are pointed out. Although there are no common women's interestes, equality issues are predominantly placed on the political agenda by female politicians. Besides gender stereotypes the biggest obstacle for women in politics are their own political parties because they nominate few women and they do not place them at the top of candidate lists. Civic Democratic Party before election to Chamber of Deputies in 2013 was an example of the concept glass cliff when women get to leadership positions in the context of crisis. Quotas are based on mistrust of gradual development. Efficiency of quotas depends on how many political parties use them and in which position in parlament these parties are. The order of candidates on the ballots is also important. Nowadays there is a proposal of legislative quotas which would be obligatory for all political parties.
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