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Social work with adolescents addicted to psychoactive substances
Malíková, Kristýna ; Krahulcová, Beáta (advisor) ; Nová, Monika (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to draw attention to the serious problem of drug addiction among adolescents who are abusing addictive substances or marijuana. This increasingly important issue is discussed a lot, but very often neglected by the society. This thesis provides definitions and characteristics of individual drugs and their effects on adolescents. The need for prevention and treatment of adolescent clients is emphasized, alongside with the family support, which is often crucial. In the practical part, the author of the thesis focuses on organizations that are critically important in this field. These organizations focus on prevention, counseling services, social inclusion and treatment facilities (inpatient and outpatient services), etc. Their characteristics and methods of client treatment are described. Furthermore, in this work the author presents a survey that confirms the findings of some detailed quantitative research papers. The main findings are that drug abuse is a major problem of this century and also a burden on society, especially on the adolescents themselves. The solution is very complicated and time consuming, but everyone can contribute by not being indifferent to this problem.
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Intensive care of patient with metformin intoxication
Zajícová, Alena ; Povolná, Pavla (advisor) ; Hocková, Jana (referee)
Metformin is the first-line oral antidiabetic drug for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. As the rate of new diagnosed cases of diabetes increases year-on-year, the number of patients who are prescribed metformin rises as well. In the Czech Republic only, 858,010 patients were treated for diabetes in 2015. 786,586 of them were treated for the type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metformin intoxication, called also MALA (metformin- associated lactic acidosis) after its main symptom, is a rare complication (≤ 10 cases per 100,000 patients per year) in the metformin treatment, but the mortality is high (up to 50%). Metformin-induced lactic acidosis develops when the contraindications of metformin therapy are not respected or in the event of an acute disease linked with dehydration and hypoxia. Patients with MALA are hospitalized at the int ernal medicine intensive care unit or the department of anesthesiology and critical care with multiple organ failure. This thesis aims at determining whether procedural nursing care standards, implemented in the form of a nursing process, are actively used in practice on intensive care beds. Methodology: The empirical part is compiled in the form of a qualitative research, as a case study of a female patient suffering from metformin intoxication, caused by a suicide...
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Care of pacients intoxicaded by carbon monoxide
FORMANKA, Matěj
The topic of this thesis is the care of the patients intoxicated with carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide ranks first among random poisonings in Europe. Therefore it is a significant socio-economic problem. The thesis is divided into the theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part describes the physical features of carbon monoxide and the ways it reaches the human body. It also describes the anatomy of the respiratory tract, breathing physiology and pathophysiological processes in the human body that are caused by carbon monoxide. The thesis describes possible sources of carbon monoxide, clinical symptoms of poisoning, diagnosis and treatment methods. In the practical part, the research is conducted using a qualitative method - interviews. The practical part has two goals. The first goal is to map the level of paramedics' knowledge of carbon monoxide intoxication. The second goal is to find out if paramedics are able to provide patients poisoned by carbon monoxide with adequate care and also to find out what care is given to them. The research sample consists of two groups of respondents. The first group is paramedics working in pre-hospital emergency care and the other are nurses working in the intensive care unit. Research has shown that respondents have good knowledge of carbon monoxide poisoning. The greatest drawbacks were found in the knowledge of the pathophysiology of carbon monoxide poisoning. The most of the problems were related to these drawbacks. In a field of care have been discovered some facts, that could cause problems. For example, the fact that there is only one hyperbaric medicine center in the whole Moravia region or the lack of CO-oximeters in the paramedics' equipment.
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Care of pacients intoxicaded by carbon monoxide
FORMANKA, Matěj
Theme of this bachleor thesis is care of pacients intoxicaded by carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide occupies the fist place among accidental poisoning in Europe. This means, it is a big social-economic problem. Theoretical part describes physical attributes od carbon monoxide a his ways, by which it enters the human body. Further it describes the anatomy of airways, physiology of breathing and pathophysiological proces, which carbon monoxide causes in human body. There are described posibble sources of carbon monoxide, clinical symptoms, diagnostics and a way of threatment. In practical part, the research is processed by qualitative method using dialog. The practical part had two objects. The first object was to chart a level of knowlege of health professionals about carbon monoxide poisonning. The second object was to find out, if health professionals are able to provide an adequate care to pacients intoxicaded by carbon monoxide and to find out what kind of care is provided to pacients. The research sample was formed by two groups of respondents. The first group were paramedics, who work in pre-hospital emergency care. The second group were nurses, who work on a intensive care unit in a hospital. The research showed that the respondents have quite good knowlege about carbon monoxide poisoning. The biggest deficiency was discovered in knowlege of phatophysiology of carbon monoxide poisonynig. Most ignorace was related to this problem. In knowlege and provision of care were found some facts, which can cause problems. For example the fact, that there is ony one hyperbaric oxygen therapy centre in a whole Moravia, or missing pulse co-oxymeters in paramedics quipment.
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An algorithm of the pre-hospital and the acute hospital care during an ethylene glycol intoxication.
MILOTA, Jiří
Ethylene glycol intoxication is a serious life threatening condition, that may appear to be a serious risk in connection with the easy availability of preparations containing this substance. The work titled An algorithm of the pre-hospital and the acute hospital care during an ethylene glycol intoxication provides information on this issue and summarizes appropriate treatment in pre hospital and acute hospital care, which should lead to increased treatment efficiency and reduced health consequences. The most common source of ethylene glycol in the household is anti freeze mixtures for vehicles, the most often accidental ingested liquid. The toxic nature of ethylene glycol is a decomposition into acidic metabolites and formation of calcium crystals causing necrosis and organ failure. A typical immage of ethylenglycol intoxication is a consciousness depresion, total acidosis, acute renal failure, and an increased anion gap. Appropriate therapy should be initiate by first aid, followed by professional pre hospital and hospital care. There should be made a gastric decontamination in first houre of ingestion. Vital functions must be provided, but the key method is using of antidotes (alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitors ethanol or fomepizol). In case of indikation causal treatment also includes elimination methods, most often intermittent hemodialysis and cofactor application. Symptomatic treatment is based on acid base homeostasis and specific biochemical levels balance. The thesis was made by form of review and synthesis using large number of science sourc es dealing with the current issue of EG intoxication. The main purpose of work is comparing of Czech and global authors to illustrate different possibilities of treatmet and create educational material for students of health care disciplines or medical professionals looking for quick and simply way to solve acute emergency or crate an idea of adequate care.
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Acute intoxication in prehospital emergency care
KUTLÁK, Ondřej
This bachelor thesis on Acute Intoxication in Pre-hospital Emergency Care is divided into twoparts: theoretical and research. The theoretical part is initially focused on the causes of acute intoxications and effects on the human organism. Most of the space is devoted to selected types of intoxication and their therapy. For the research part, Objective 1 has been set: To map the level of the theoretical knowledge of medical rescuers in connection with the providing of pre-hospital emergency care in the case of intoxicated persons. Two research questions were identified on the basis of this objective. The research question 1 is: How do the health rescuers in the care of the intoxicated patient progress from the point of view of differential diagnosis? Research Question 2: How do medical rescuers approach the treatment of the intoxicated patient from the point of view of therapy? The qualitative research method was used in the form of semi-structured interviews with 8 medical rescuers performing their profession at the Medical Rescue Service in Písek and Český Krumlov. The data obtained was divided into 12 categories. The summary of the research showed a sufficient knowledge of the clinical manifestations of selected acute intoxications presented in the practical part of this work. The other group studied was the therapy of selected acute intoxications presented in the practical part of this work. The research has shown that the knowledge of acute intoxication therapy is average. Since the appropriate knowledge of medical rescuers is necessary to manage this profession, I consider it important to examine them periodically.
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The crime of habitual drunkenness under s. 360 of the Criminal Code
Šebková, Jana ; Vokoun, Rudolf (advisor) ; Bohuslav, Lukáš (referee)
1 The crime of habitual drunkenness under s. 360 of the Criminal C. Abstract The aim of this diploma thesis is to analyze complexly the problems associated with the legal regulation of the crime of drunkenness. The crime of habitual drunkenness or otherwise called the "Rauschdelikt" is an illustrative option of how to deal with the issue of an insane people, which act unlawfully and how to punish them. The person which commits an unlawful act in a state of insanity, committed an act of otherwise criminal, quasi-delict. Where the perpetrator has caused a state of insanity by consuming or applying an addictive substance. The above-mentioned concept of "Rauschdelikt" appears to be the best option, for the sake of consistency with the fundamental principles and principles of criminal law, the nullum crimen sine culpa principle. The thesis is organized in individual chapters, which are gradually dealing with the historical development, and this crime does not present in modern criminal law no novelty; on the contrary, the institute of drunkenness has deep historical roots. The following chapters analyzes some individual basic terms that are necessary for the definition of a crime of habitual drunkenness and include and clarify the legal institutes that are close to and closely related to this crime, such as the...
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The issue of biological exposure tests in clinical and toxicological laboratory.
WOLFOVÁ, Šárka
The aim of this work is to draw up a well-arranged paper on the use of biological exposure tests (BET) during the monitoring of intoxication by various toxic substances. In the theoretical part the advantages of BET are explained, the issue of selection of biological material, the correct time of sampling according to the duration of the exposure and the biological half-life of the toxic substances are explained. The term "maximum allowable limit" (NPL) is explained to compare BET results. The toxicity of heavy metals, organic solvents and pesticides is described. The practical part describes the BET monitoring by determining direct and indirect indicators of lead exposure using the method of atomic absorption spectrophotometry with electrothermal atomization, photometry in visible and UV area, pressure microwave mineralization and chromatographic techniques. Several cases of actual intoxication are described, as well as attempts to distort the results with the aim of achieving occupational disease due to exposure to lead. By monitoring the entire BET spectrum, this intention is revealed and objectively assessed. The relevance and timeliness of BET is highlighted, not only in the field of professional as well as non-professional exposures, and the developmental trend of gradual reduction of NPLs related to the widening of knowledge about the toxicity of monitored toxic substances.
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Intensive care of patient with metformin intoxication
Zajícová, Alena ; Povolná, Pavla (advisor) ; Hocková, Jana (referee)
Metformin is the first-line oral antidiabetic drug for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. As the rate of new diagnosed cases of diabetes increases year-on-year, the number of patients who are prescribed metformin rises as well. In the Czech Republic only, 858,010 patients were treated for diabetes in 2015. 786,586 of them were treated for the type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metformin intoxication, called also MALA (metformin- associated lactic acidosis) after its main symptom, is a rare complication (≤ 10 cases per 100,000 patients per year) in the metformin treatment, but the mortality is high (up to 50%). Metformin-induced lactic acidosis develops when the contraindications of metformin therapy are not respected or in the event of an acute disease linked with dehydration and hypoxia. Patients with MALA are hospitalized at the int ernal medicine intensive care unit or the department of anesthesiology and critical care with multiple organ failure. This thesis aims at determining whether procedural nursing care standards, implemented in the form of a nursing process, are actively used in practice on intensive care beds. Methodology: The empirical part is compiled in the form of a qualitative research, as a case study of a female patient suffering from metformin intoxication, caused by a suicide...
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