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Skull Trepanation in Prehistory of the Europe: The Oldest Surgical Procedures
Moravec, Tomáš ; Komárek, Stanislav (advisor) ; Pankowská, Anna (referee)
The main aim of the thesis is to provide a comprehensive overview of trepanations in the prehistory of Europe and to compile a brief overview of the oldest findings in Europe and closer in the Czech Republic. At first, the thesis deals with the types of trepanations according to their execution and the problems with trepanation diagnosis, where the work focuses on various groups of defects created by different mechanisms, which can be incorrectly diagnosed as trepanations. Further, the thesis deals with the reasons for trepanation and the description of the trepanations tools and techniques used in the prehistory. It also briefly mentions the first references to surgical interventions and the origin of anesthesia. Additionally, the thesis deals with the overview of the oldest findings in Europe and the Czech Republic and their brief description. And finally, there is a mention of trepanations at the present time.
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Hemodynamic optimalization in hepatic recection
Zatloukal, Jan ; Pradl, Richard (advisor) ; Cvachovec, Karel (referee) ; Málek, Jiří (referee)
Lowering of central venous pressure in hepatic surgery is nowadays widely recommended and used procedure. Low central venous pressure anesthesia is associated with decreased blood loss and improved clinical outcome. There are several approaches how to reach low central venous pressure. Till now none of them is recommended as superior in terms of patient safety and clinical outcome. Concurrently there is still debate if to use the low central venous pressure anesthesia principle or if it could be replaced with a principle of anesthesia with high stroke volume variation (or another dynamic preload parameter) with the use of a more sophisticated hemodynamic monitoring method. Results of our study didn't show any significant difference between two approaches used for reduction of central venous pressure, but suggest that the principle of low central venous pressure anesthesia could be possibly replaced by the principle of high stroke volume variation anesthesia which presumes the use of advanced hemodynamic monitoring. KEYWORDS Hepatic resection, central venous pressure, Pringle maneuver, hemodynamics, hemodynamic monitoring, fluid therapy, anesthesia
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Skull trepanation in archaic ethnics
Moravec, Tomáš ; Komárek, Stanislav (advisor) ; Hroníková, Linda (referee)
This thesis is focused on skull trepanation in archaic ethnics. Trepanation has been used since the Stone Age almost all around the world and since that time have occured the constantly improved tools, trepanation techniques and used anesthesia. However to the present time we are not sure, what exactly was the motivation of then primitive nations to perform such a dangerous procedure. Trepanation has been the subject of many researches since the 19th century, which has been tasked with bringing closer knowledge about the procedure and what was the reason for doing it. This work should provide general knowledge about the topic of trepanations.
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The role of nurses in patient education prior to anesthesia for surgical procedures in orthopedics
Slouková, Michaela ; Di Cara, Veronika (advisor) ; Hakenová, Renata (referee)
The thesis is focused on the role of nurse in patient education prior anaesthesia in surgical procedures in orthopaedic. Description of this role is based on the experience at the orthopaedic clinic and problems related to it are seen in the results of survey. The aim was to assess the level and effectiveness of patient education done by nurse before anaesthesia, measure the level of satisfaction and patient awareness before surgery, assess the quality and content of education provided by nurse and identify the current competencies of nurses in patient education before anaesthesia. Data for the research survey were obtained through two questionnaires designed for nurses working at the orthopaedic clinic and for patients who have undergone scheduled intervention in this clinic. The most important finding of the research results was crossing the competencies of nurses in the preoperative patient education because the lack of visits by anaesthesiologist. Based on what I studied in the available literature and the research results, in the discussion I am presenting proposals for solutions of this situation and I suggest active offering of the information material to patient during admission, the creation of improved education material for preoperative preparation, using of different teaching methods...
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Education of patients before anesthesia.
Vizinová, Gabriela ; Kulhavá, Miluše (advisor) ; Hladká, Petra (referee)
The present diploma thesis is engaged in the education of patients prior to the application of anaesthesia. The theoretical part studies the area of education. For a comprehensive overview of the problems at issue, the theoretical part delves in the area of anaesthesia. The thesis examines the contribution of education provided to patients prior to the application of anaesthesia. The target group of respondents is composed by patients who underwent a procedure requiring an anaesthesiology care. Patients suitable for data collection were selected using the purposeful sampling method on the basis of collaboration with head nurses of the given hospital wards. The research was conducted by a quantitative method, using the author's own questionnaire. The total of 69 questionnaires was distributed. The results of the research investigation conducted that patients are provided advice as to anaesthesiology care in more than one half of all cases. The greatest share in providing advice and education to patients in anaesthesiology care is taken up by physicians - anaesthesiologists. Most often, advice is provided in form of an informed consent, including oral advice. A vast majority of the patients questioned observe the recommendations and measures that they have been informed of. The results further imply...
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History of the pain treatment
Erbenová, Helena ; Mellanová, Alena (advisor) ; Vaňková, Milena (referee)
The thesis focuses on the history of pain treatment from the beginning of humanity to present days. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the research development, creation of theories and struggling of a man with the pain, an unpleasant sensory perception, without which the mankind would most probably not survive. From the skeletal remains we learn about pain-killing practices among primitive people who were, besides various potions, charms, spells and rituals, able to use even the trepanation techniques. We find that people in ancient times apparently understood the pain caused by traumatic mechanisms but they could not handle the pain caused by some internal disorder. Early findings about the treatment of pain were thus linked to the nature. People used plants with narcotic and analgetic effects e. g. opium, cannabis, mandrake and physical quantities such as pressure, heat, cold or even shocks generated by electric fish. Over the time they improved this knowledge and reached for new findings. This thesis presents also ideas and creation of theories of pain provided by thinkers and scholars across centuries. Works from antiquity had apparently the biggest and the longest lasting influence on pain and medical problematics. From historical sources we read that new discoveries in medicine...
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Pitfalls of the surgical treatment of obesity from the patient's point of view
Hakenová, Renata ; Heczková, Jana (advisor) ; Stoklasová, Radka (referee)
This thesis examines the surgical treatment of obesity from the perspective of the patient. The theoretical portion deals with etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, complications, related illnesses, conservative and surgical treatments (definitions, overview and types, principles of basic bariatric approaches, as well as effects and indications, side effects, and results of treatment. It also includes the specifics of the pre-operative preparation, immediate and long- term post-operative care, psychological preparation and post-bariatric-surgery nutrition. The empirical portion consists of quantitative research in the form of a survey instrument with closed-end questions with the possibility of individual responses. The respondents were patients who had been diagnosed as morbidly obese or third-degree obesity and who had also been through surgery within the past three years. One hundred and fifty surveys were distributed, 125 were returned, and 10 of those were not used for incompleteness, and another 6 were not used because the respondents did not meet the criteria. One of the primary goals of the research was to ascertain the information that patients were missing before bariatric surgery and whether this information had a significant effect on the result of the bariatric approach. Another primary goal of...
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Awareness of pediatric patients and their parents before anesthesia
Caletka, Petr ; Marková, Eva (advisor) ; Novák, Ivan (referee)
The primary aim of the thesis was to describe current awareness system of pediatric patients and their parents before anaesthesia and whether and to what extent the two groups are informed about anaesthesia. Furthermore, the thesis presents actual opinions of both responding groups on the current state of clinical practice and suggestions for its improvement. In accordance with available sources, so far no similar research has been carried out in the Czech Republic. A total number of 215 respondents at two biggest teaching hospitals in the Czech Republic have been addressed (Teaching Hospital Motol, Prague and Teaching Hospital Brno), the survey was finished by 131 people (60.93 %). Consequently, the questionnaire output was statistacally processed. The findings demonstrate a need of an improved anaesthesia awareness of pediatric patients and parents before the surgery. Obviously, both parents and children require printed information materials, although parents still tend to prefer rather the oral form - the anaesthesia interview. Keywords Anaesthesia, pediatric anaesthesiology, awareness, education, children, parents
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Patient education nurse anesthetist
Kloubcová, Lenka ; Hošťálková, Monika (advisor) ; Heczková, Jana (referee)
Bachelor thesis is focused on assessing the quality of patient education nurse anesthetist. Patient education is considered from the perspective of nurse anesthesia. The theoretical part of this work is devoted to general anesthesia characteristics, definitions and history of anesthesia. The following section deals with different types of anesthesia, complications of anesthesia and drugs used in anesthesia. Furthermore, the work focuses on the characteristics of the patient before, during and after anesthesia, and the specifics of the individual parts of anesthesia from the viewpoint of anesthesia nurses. The last chapter includes the very concept of education and the importance of good communication with the patient throughout the preparation of the patient for anesthesia. The basis of this work is a quantitative research ideas anesthesia nurses by anonymous questionnaires. Here the sisters reflect the stated objectives of work. The stated goal of the work is to identify the knowledge of anesthesia nursing Educational process, whether anesthesiology nurses involved in patient education before elective surgery and anesthesia nurses whether they have created suitable conditions for patient education. These objectives were met. As a possible solution for improving the efficiency of education could...
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L-serine induced effects on blood pressure in normotensive and hypertensive rats: the influence of anesthesia
Bencze, Michal ; Zicha, Josef (advisor) ; Husková, Zuzana (referee)
Anesthetics cause profound alterations in respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Our experiments demonstrated that different anesthetics caused different changes in blood pressure regulating components. The role of particular BP regulating systems was disclosed by their selective inhibition - sympathetic nervous system blocked by pentolinium (peripheral ganglionic blockade), renin-angiotensin system by captopril (angiotensin converting enzyme blocker) and nitric oxide production by L-NAME (nitric oxide synthase blocker). Components of blood pressure regulating mechanisms in conscious normotensive Wistar rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats were compared with four different groups of anesthetized rats by pentobarbital, ketamine-xylazine, chloralose-urethane and isoflurane. Each anesthesia caused different hemodynamic changes. If hemodynamic conditions should be similar to conscious rats, the most suitable anesthetic is pentobarbital. L-serine-induced effects represent endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF)-mediated response, which is a type of endothelium-dependent regulation of vascular tone, independent of nitric oxide and prostacyclin production. Pronounced L-serine effects on blood pressure were shown in NO-deficient type of hypertension. Our study demonstrated its pronounced effects in...
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