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Food webs of glacier-fed streams.
Komárková, Julie ; Kopalová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Fuksa, Josef (referee)
This work focuses on glacier-fed stream ecosystems, with the centre of attention being on the community composition and characterization of their food web structure. Glacier-fed streams are harsh environments in terms of their physicochemical characteristics. These streams exhibit low temperatures and specific flow regimes, with the peak of meltwater generation, and thus discharge, in the summer. In turn, streamwater nutrient concentrations, light availability, and turbidity all vary seasonally according to the flow regime. Compositionally, glacier-fed stream habitats host chemolithotrophic bacteria along with photoautotrophic producers, such as diatoms, Chrysophyceae, and Cyanobacteria, which together serve at the bottom of food webs as primary producers. These streams also host some fungal taxa, that together with heterotrophic bacteria, represent the primary decomposers. Macroinvertebrates, including the water larvae of species Diamesa and Pseudodiamesa, or from the Ephemeroptera or Plecoptera groups, are important secondary producers with high feeding plasticity; that is, they are mainly grazing biofilm or collecting/filtering organic matter, with the possibility of predation. Other than that, in glacier-fed streams, there is usually no presence of higher trophic levels with large- bodied...
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Sustainability in graphic design
Shalak, Hanna ; Veselá, Lenka (referee) ; Ondrík, Jozef (advisor)
During the project development, I explored the elements of A4 paper packaging design in terms of sustainability, ecology, and product properties. Analysis of consumer behavior indicates insufficient attention paid to industrial standards in paper production, contributing to the spread of so-called "greenwashing" and slowing progress in addressing environmental issues. The packaging itself is often perceived merely as an object for disposal. Therefore, one of the main goals of my work is to focus on the informational components of its design. This serves as a basis for conveying the complexity and intricacy of the system hidden behind clean A4 paper. To carry out the project, I collected packaging from local printing shops and copy centers in Brno. This allowed me to gain a clearer understanding of the variety of papers circulating in the city, the types of eco-labels used by manufacturers and suppliers, and based on what preferences a certain type of material is ordered for printing.
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Design of technological equipment for remediation of wood infested by a bark beetle
Němec, Tomáš ; Osička, Karel (referee) ; Sedlák, Josef (advisor)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the design of technological equipment for the sanitation of wood infested by the spruce bark beetle. The main idea of the proposed technology is the combination of harvester logging with chemical sanitation using spraying. This innovative approach allows for increased sanitation efficiency and reduced costs compared to traditional methods such as manual debarking or using backpack sprayers. The results show that the harvester ensures uniform coverage of insecticide on each felled tree, thereby minimizing the risk of inadequate sanitation. The proposed technology also reduces the number of workers needed for sanitation, which contributes to further cost savings and increases the overall efficiency of the process. The thesis further addresses the technical aspects of the proposed equipment, including a detailed description of individual components such as nozzles, pumps, tanks, and control systems. Testing of the prototype demonstrated its high efficiency and reliability under various working conditions. In addition to technical benefits, the thesis also highlights the ecological advantages of the proposed solution, which minimizes negative impacts on the environment through precise dosing of chemicals and reduced need for manual handling of infested wood. Overall, it can be concluded that the proposed solution is not only economically advantageous but also technically and ecologically beneficial, and it should significantly contribute to the protection of Czech forests from the bark beetle calamity.
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New Technologies for Family Houses Heating
Novák, Dominik ; Lachman, Jakub (referee) ; Lisý, Martin (advisor)
The work deals with the issue of modern heating in family houses. The aim of this work is to introduce the different variants of modern heating sources. This problem is approached in three steps. In the first part of this bachelor thesis, the theoretical part of the different heating sources was elaborated with the help of a literature search. In the second part, a baseline study for a model family house was carried out. In the last part, an evaluation of the proposed sources and an overall assessment was carried out.
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Genomic prediction and genome-wide association studies of metabolic networks
Schwarzerová, Jana ; Weckwerth, Wolfram (referee) ; Ramberger,, Benjamin (advisor)
Současný výzkum rozhraní bioinformatiky a ekologického inženýrství nabízí potenciál díky kombinaci laboratorní analýzy a pokročilých bioinformatických algoritmů. Tato práce zkoumá kombinaci metabolické analýzu GC-MS pro identifikaci a kvantifikaci metabolitů při narušení životního prostředí s pokročilými bioinformatickými přístupy celo-genomových asociačních studií (GWAS). Analýza se provádí pomocí genomové predikce založené na dvou různých podmínkách růstu souvisejících s teplotou shromážděného souboru dat z 241 přirozených přístupů (genotypů) Arabidopsis thaliany. Současné výzvy, které vyplývají ze změny klimatu a globálního znečištění, podporují základní výzkum adaptace organismů v důsledku vlivů na životní prostředí. Výzkum v této oblasti může hrát klíčovou roli při řešení souvisejících problémů životního prostředí. Zejména rostlin sloužících jako primární producenti našich nejdůležitějších zdrojů, potravin, zdraví a energie, představují v tomto ohledu nejdůležitější výzkumné subjekty. Výsledky prezentované v této práci odhalují jednotlivé strategie adaptace na stres rostliny chladem v závislosti na jejím původním prostředí. Kromě toho asociace metabolitů s GWAS odhalila potenciální genomové oblasti podílející se na adaptaci rostliny na chladnou teplotu. Zatímco jednoduchá pozorování odhalují pouze změny fenotypů, změny v genotypech organismů lze zachytit pomocí metabolické technologie GWAS uvedené v této práci s dalším možným využitím v průmyslové ekologii a biotechnologii. Závěrečná část práce je rozšířena o použití inverzní stochastické Lyapunovovy maticové rovnice pro získané výsledky pomocí zkoumání regulace metabolismu během adaptace na chladnou teplotu.
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The Sustainable City: Future Timber Buildings
Lacková, Zuzana ; Krištof, Michal (referee) ; Kratochvíl, Jan (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with the issue of sustainable urban development using timber buildings as a means to achieve this goal. It takes into account the knowledge gained in the pre-diploma thesis with the resulting design of a complex of residential buildings and a civic building made of wood in Brno. This ensemble creates a model of the so-called ideal sustainable city, which provides a different perspective on contemporary urban design. Nowadays, sustainable urban development is one of the main issues in urban planning and architecture. With the growing awareness of environmental and economic challenges, there is an increasing demand for alternative solutions to ensure the viability and prosperity of urban environments. Within this context, timber buildings are gaining increasing attention as an environmentally and economically viable solution for urban construction and planning. Wood as a building material has unique properties that make it attractive for the urban environment. Its versatility, lightness, thermal insulation properties, and unique aesthetic potential make it an ideal material for modern buildings. In addition to being a renewable resource, its construction and use have a minimal environmental impact compared to traditional building materials.
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Tracing Microendolithic Ichnocenoses: A paleoecological and taphonomic approach over the Phanerozoic
Herenio Kerkhoff, Marta Leticia ; Holcová, Katarína (advisor) ; Skupien, Petr (referee) ; Soták, Ján (referee)
The microbial endoliths study from the Western Carpathians region was a semi-quantitative survey that included six sampling localities. Samples, ranging from Upper Oligocene to Miocene (Serravalian), came from three localities in Czechia (Mikulov, LOM-1 and Hevlín), two in Slovakia (DNV and LKŠ) and one place in Hungary (Tard Clays, Rozalia Quarry). The main goal of this project was to verify how different levels of hypoxia, established for studied intervals, would affect the microendolilthic assemblages present in tests of benthic foraminifera. Additionally, microbial activity and byproducts, and the overall interplay between bioerosion and bioprecipitation are also analysed. The degree of hypoxy was established using ratio of oxic/dysoxic and hypoxic foraminifera, defined as Benthic Foraminifera Oxygen Index (BFOi) Sampled index shows a predominance of dysoxic indicators, with rare oxic elements. Secondary electron elemental analysis (EDX) reveals a significant enrichment of sulphur, phosphorus and iron in biofilm samples from DNV and Hevlín, when compared to the rock matrix surrounding it. Resin casts reveal a predominance of Dysphotic to Deep Euphotic zones ichnocenosis, with a predominance of Chlorophyte, Rodophyte and heterotroph burrows. Few representatives of Cyanobacteria traces, such as...
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Contributions to the taxonomy, biogeography, ecology and pathogens of parasites (Diptera, Acari) of Old World bats
Ševčík, Martin ; Benda, Petr (advisor) ; Stanko, Michal (referee) ; Bartonička, Tomáš (referee)
The dissertation thesis presents contributions solving several faunistic, biogeographical, taxonomic, and phylogenetic problems of selected groups of bat parasites together with surveys of potential pathogens in some representatives of these parasitic groups linked to the bats of the Old World. In the first part of the thesis, the taxonomy of prostigmata mites - chiggers (Trombiculidae) - coming from Eurasia and Africa is elaborated. Results of a detailed morphological and morphometric study are the descriptions of five new taxa belonging to four genera: Chiroptella, Grandjeana, Rudnicula, and Trombicula. At the same time, the results revise the differentiation within the group Trombicula sensu stricto, summarize the findings of species of individual genera and correct the inclusions of the originally described species within individual genera, with the final output of creating identification keys to the genera. The first sketch of the results of the study of the relations between chiggers and bats is included in this section, representing the description of the specific links among individual segments of both groups. In addition, there are studies presenting new findings and morphometric examinations of velvet mite nymphs collected from bats in Indonesia, as well as morphometric data and...
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Revitalization Program of Floral Garden in Kromeriz
Koželouhová, Anna ; Vojtová, Lea (referee) ; Hrabec, Josef (advisor)
The topic of the bachelor thesis is the design of the revitalization of the foreground of the Květná garden in Kroměříž and of the service building for visitors. When solving the project, the first ideas were initiated by its strong social context. The garden art has always been a reflection of its own period. The founders of gardens – the aristocracy, monarchs or clergy – have used gardens as a means to represent their social status. They have tried to point out the things that have been conceived as artistically and technically (and later socially) progressive and correct. The main ideal concept of my project results from these facts and considerations. I seek to represent today’s era and society – within the meaning of the good, what they could and according to my opinion should bring to each other. And what they perhaps do… That is why I apply knowledge of today’s technique and ecology in my project – in terms of the use of local natural materials and renewable energy resources. At the same time I try to take advantage of and to give support to the frankness of today’s society and to create a project with a social and human overlap. I incorporate a function of a temporary sheltered housing into the area and support integration of people into the society through garden works and therapies. Last but not least – I would like to open the gardens to the broadest scope of the laic public and to create not only an esthetic function, but an educational as well. From the architectural point of view, I tried to bring contemporary components into the garden, which, however, respect the historical evolution and the temporary situation and connect to them. In the Holandská garden I placed the visitors centre into the ground plan – a path of the former “casino”. It closes up this lengthwise space, it creates a notion of continuance of the colonnade of the Květná garden (and transcription of the arcade on its façade), and it balances the dimension of the tropical glasshouse on the other side of the garden. Regarding the solution of the garden space, I respect the cross axes of the Květná garden as well as the main longitudinal axe of the foreground. I create a simple composition of larger sheets with two new “piazzas” – at the place of the renewed Neptune’s fountain and in front of the visitor’s center. By creating the elevated sheets I add the third dimension to the parcel. In the southern part of the foreground I compose functionally different spaces along the longitudinal axe. Hence, visitor’s attention is non-violently drawn to the aviary. Crosswise, the garden is divided into several parts – the representational one (by the cold glasshouse), the agricultural and educational one (but no less attractive) with the garden centre, and the leisure area of the aviary and the so called “rabbit hill”.
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