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Medicine in the Life of Religious Orders during the 17th Century: Example of the Society of Jesus
Černý, Karel ; Říhová, Milada (advisor) ; Novotný, Miroslav (referee) ; Čornejová, Ivana (referee)
1 Summary The thesis deals with relation of the medicine and the religious ambient in the 17th century. The original purpose of this study was to describe medical features of everyday life in colleges of the Jesuit order. However during the research I came across several questions that I had to answer in context of the Czech history of medicine, and that is why this text has three main foci. Firstly I have collected and described those features of recent development of foreign medical history, which I consider to be important for my purpose, and which have not been reflected in the medical history so far. Among others socio-constructivist and anthropological approaches to terms like "illness", "health", "healing", "academic medicine" etc. are discussed. With respect to the second part I had also to deal with the issue of retrospective diagnoses and particularly with history of the plague. Secondly, regarding the fact that healing in a Jesuit community was always associated with a strong religious aspects, I had to analyse a problem of miraculous cures and their social and cultural context. Medical history has always been an interdisciplinary field but in this case I had to rely on methods based on humanities rather than on sciences. As a starting point I have used a list of more that 1000 miracles ascribed...
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Midwifery of Period Called Pobelohorska Infanticide
Surá, Alexandra ; Říhová, Milada (advisor) ; Čechura, Jaroslav (referee) ; Pařízek, Antonín (referee)
I initially explored historic figures of European accoucheur of the 17. and 18. century. Beyond this I focused on a period called "Pobělohorská" in Czech countries. I summarized the health conditions of the population during this period, and described medical professions, midwifery and emergency Christening ceremonies. One chapter discusses partnerships and considers women who hid their pregnancy to avoid the prospect of caring for their children in the future. For this reason I present questions relating to how women hid their pregnancy during the Early Modern period. In the next chapter I discuss aspects of the process of giving birth, the locations where women gave birth and the moments thereafter. I present the circumstances of the death of the baby and the possible causes of death. The process of investigation of the scene, an assessment of the body and the search for the mother of the baby (as a potential murderer) are all considered. The assessment of the body was in the hands of the regional physiciusurgeon and a midwife. In my work I describe how the body was assessed, how they judged the maturity of the newborn baby and if the baby was born dead or alive. Further chapters explain the treatment of the umbilical cord, the inquisition of the witnesses and the suspect, and the next steps of...
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Historical development of the profession of Nutritional therapist
Krajíčková, Květa ; Prošková, Eva (advisor) ; Říhová, Milada (referee)
This bachelor's thesis maps the development of professionalization of nutritional therapists and their predecessors. The attention is paid specially to the relation to other medical disciplines (public health protection, nursing care, medical science), and the thesis also outlines the development of nutrition care from the point of view of these professions. Furthermore, it deals with the questions of the titles and content of this profession, its regulation, related education and professional association. The thesis is of theoretical nature and applies in particular the method of historical research. It is grounded especially on sources from previous literature, contemporary professional journals and magazines, interview with witness and information from other sources. With the aim of providing a comparison with relevant historical information, it describes the current position of nutritional therapists, in particular the possibilities for studying the discipline, competencies and professional career.
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Midwifery of Period Called Pobelohorska Infanticide
Surá, Alexandra ; Říhová, Milada (advisor) ; Čechura, Jaroslav (referee) ; Pařízek, Antonín (referee)
I initially explored historic figures of European accoucheur of the 17. and 18. century. Beyond this I focused on a period called "Pobělohorská" in Czech countries. I summarized the health conditions of the population during this period, and described medical professions, midwifery and emergency Christening ceremonies. One chapter discusses partnerships and considers women who hid their pregnancy to avoid the prospect of caring for their children in the future. For this reason I present questions relating to how women hid their pregnancy during the Early Modern period. In the next chapter I discuss aspects of the process of giving birth, the locations where women gave birth and the moments thereafter. I present the circumstances of the death of the baby and the possible causes of death. The process of investigation of the scene, an assessment of the body and the search for the mother of the baby (as a potential murderer) are all considered. The assessment of the body was in the hands of the regional physiciusurgeon and a midwife. In my work I describe how the body was assessed, how they judged the maturity of the newborn baby and if the baby was born dead or alive. Further chapters explain the treatment of the umbilical cord, the inquisition of the witnesses and the suspect, and the next steps of...
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Faith, reason and experience in the popular medicine of late-medieval Bohemia
Tomíček, David ; Říhová, Milada (advisor) ; Spunar, Pavel (referee) ; Kaiserová, Kristina (referee)
The thesis was created in connection with a previous study of Czech printed medical literature from the 16th century. For the purposes of the thesis I newly focused on medical manuscripts written in the 15th and the 16th century, which I consider to be a unique resource for understanding of the popular medicine. Chosen Czech written texts represent a boundary field, the mix of popular therapy and learned medicine. There were two dominant aetiologic conceptions in the medieval period: a) medical one, b) religious one. According the first one, a cause of illness was viewed as an imbalance of humours. According the religious conception, a cause of illness was considered to be supernatural: either God or devil. I expected lots of manifestations of second conception (prayer, fasting, ritual or other magical acts) and stress on experience in our manuscript sources. It is hard to discern whether we deal with licit religious act or with illicit magic in certain examples, but there are some clues. Firstly, the evidence of magic might be a strong confidence in ritual itself. Secondly, we can observe both laws of sympathetic magic in our manuscripts. I formulated three questions during my research: a) The lack of theoretical knowledge in popular medicine had to be necessarily compensated by some other factors. If it...
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Medicine in the Life of Religious Orders during the 17th Century: Example of the Society of Jesus
Černý, Karel ; Říhová, Milada (advisor) ; Novotný, Miroslav (referee) ; Čornejová, Ivana (referee)
1 Summary The thesis deals with relation of the medicine and the religious ambient in the 17th century. The original purpose of this study was to describe medical features of everyday life in colleges of the Jesuit order. However during the research I came across several questions that I had to answer in context of the Czech history of medicine, and that is why this text has three main foci. Firstly I have collected and described those features of recent development of foreign medical history, which I consider to be important for my purpose, and which have not been reflected in the medical history so far. Among others socio-constructivist and anthropological approaches to terms like "illness", "health", "healing", "academic medicine" etc. are discussed. With respect to the second part I had also to deal with the issue of retrospective diagnoses and particularly with history of the plague. Secondly, regarding the fact that healing in a Jesuit community was always associated with a strong religious aspects, I had to analyse a problem of miraculous cures and their social and cultural context. Medical history has always been an interdisciplinary field but in this case I had to rely on methods based on humanities rather than on sciences. As a starting point I have used a list of more that 1000 miracles ascribed...
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název v anglickém jazyce není uveden
Sálová, Dita ; Říhová, Milada (advisor) ; Král, Oldřich (referee) ; Hrdličková, Věnceslava (referee)
This thesis is focusing on Hakuin Ekaku and his Chat on the Evening boat seen in the frame of medical discourse in the Tokugawa period. Key points are seen in mutual and multilevel interaction among Japanese surrounding and so called Dutch studies (rangaku) and Sino-Japanese medicine. Hakuin Ekaku has not been ,as far as we know, situated into the Tokugawa medicinal history discourse. Mostly he is discussed separately either within individual frameworks of Edo-buddhism rinzai sect revival or within frameworks shaped by his healing methods which are described mainly in his works Yasen kanna and Oradegama. Our question is how much, if ever, Hakuin was involved in scientific changes of his period and to what degree he was aware and familiar with undergoing shifts of medical paradigmats. Based on descriptive analysis of Tokugawa shogunate medical background which unifies western and eastern medical knowledge together with absorbing vital changes undergoing in social and cultural history itself we are discussing Yasen kanna as a part of shifted narrative paradigma, concluding in attempt of Hakuin's role re-definition as a unifying force of various voices coming from different sources with a one goal - personal happiness and health.
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